Biochar最新文献

{"title":"Biowaste to biochar: a techno-economic and life cycle assessment of biochar production from food-waste digestate and its agricultural field application.","authors":"Disni Gamaralalage, Sarah Rodgers, Andrew Gill, Will Meredith, Tom Bott, Helen West, Jessica Alce, Colin Snape, Jon McKechnie","doi":"10.1007/s42773-025-00456-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42773-025-00456-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments, contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This study investigates the greenhouse gas emissions and techno-economics associated with biochar produced from food waste anaerobic digestate using hydrothermal carbonisation followed by high-temperature post carbonisation. Owing to high moisture contents, digestates are challenging to valorise. However, these low-value feedstocks have steady availability with minimal competition for other applications. The study focuses on food waste digestate supply, biochar production, biochar agricultural field application, and transportation activities. Minimising digestate transport through co-locating biochar production facilities with anaerobic digestion displayed greenhouse gas mitigation costs of < £100 tCO₂eq^-1 (125 USD tCO₂eq^-1). The 88% stable carbon fraction of the biochar, which is resistant to degradation in soil, is primarily responsible for the effective removal of atmospheric greenhouse gases. This results in net emissions reductions of 1.15-1.20 tCO₂eq per tonne of biochar, predominantly due to the long-term storage of durable carbon (1.7 tCO₂eq per tonne of biochar). Using 50% of the UK's projected available food waste digestate by 2030 offers a sequester potential of 93 ktCO₂eq p.a., requiring 28 biochar facilities at 20 kt p.a. capacity. Sensitivity analysis emphasises the influence of the gate fee charged to process digestate, highlighting its importance for economic success of the biochar production. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential technology enhancements to reduce fossil-fuel use and provide greater certainty of the co-benefits of biochar application in agricultural soil.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42773-025-00456-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring degraded agricultural peatlands: how rewetting, biochar, and iron sulphate synergistically modify microbial hotspots and carbon storage.","authors":"Peduruhewa H Jeewani, Robert W Brown, Jennifer M Rhymes, Chris D Evans, Dave R Chadwick, Davey L Jones","doi":"10.1007/s42773-025-00501-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42773-025-00501-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The draining and conversion of peatlands for agriculture has led to their degradation globally, diminishing their carbon (C) storage capacity and functioning. However, rewetting, alongside the addition of organic/inorganic amendments, has the potential to accelerate peat formation and C accrual. The aim of this experiment was therefore to examine the combined benefits of altering water table depth and adding organic (e.g., biochar, paper waste, biosolids, cereal straw; 20 t C ha^-1) and inorganic (e.g., FeSO₄; 0.5 t ha^-1) materials on net C storage and peatland functioning (i.e., microbial communities, greenhouse gas emissions and biogeochemical cycling). The experiment consisted of outdoor agricultural peat mesocosms monitored over 1 year. The relative effectiveness of the amendments in preserving peat-C (t C ha^-1) followed the series: <i>Miscanthus</i> biochar (18.9 t C ha^-1) > <i>Miscanthus</i> residues (17.3 t C ha^-1) > biosolids (17.2 t C ha^-1) > cereal straw (14.5 t C ha^-1) > paper waste (13.3 t C ha^-1) based on C additional rate (20 t C ha^-1). Overall, a high-water table combined with biochar and FeSO₄ addition was the most effective at suppressing enzyme activity (e.g., β-glucosidase, phenol oxidase, cellobiase), methanogen activity (e.g., <i>Methanosarcina</i>) and peat mineralization rate. We ascribe this in part to changes in the fungal and bacterial community structure (e.g., reductions in Actinobacteria by - 22% and Ascomycota by - 61%). FeSO₄ also increased the Fe-bound C content in the non-rewetted treatment, supporting the 'iron gate' mechanism for C preservation. The mechanisms behind our results appear to be both abiotic (affecting SOC solubility through changes in redox conditions and Fe-C interactions) and biotic (via shifts in microbial community and enzyme activities), creating conditions that enhance C preservation. These findings provide evidence for implementing biochar and FeSO₄ amendments alongside water table management as practical, scalable strategies for restoring C storage capacity in agricultural peatlands.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42773-025-00501-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing modified biochar for sustainable agriculture: a comprehensive review on characterization, analysis, and soil performance.","authors":"Ali Fakhar, Snowie Jane C Galgo, Ronley C Canatoy, Mazhar Rafique, Rubab Sarfraz, Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque, Muhammad Israr Khan","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00397-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00397-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of various feedstocks. It can be further modified to enhance its properties and is referred to as modified biochar (MB). The research interest in MB application in soil has been on the surge over the past decade. However, the potential benefits of MB are considerable, and its efficiency can be subject to various influencing factors. For instance, unknown physicochemical characteristics, outdated analytical techniques, and a limited understanding of soil factors that could impact its effectiveness after application. This paper reviewed the recent literature pertaining to MB and its evolved physicochemical characteristics to provide a comprehensive understanding beyond synthesis techniques. These include surface area, porosity, alkalinity, pH, elemental composition, and functional groups. Furthermore, it explored innovative analytical methods for characterizing these properties and evaluating their effectiveness in soil applications. In addition to exploring the potential benefits and limitations of utilizing MB as a soil amendment, this article delved into the soil factors that influence its efficacy, along with the latest research findings and advancements in MB technology. Overall, this study will facilitate the synthesis of current knowledge and the identification of gaps in our understanding of MB.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wetter farming: raising water table and biochar for reduced GHG emissions while maintaining crop productivity in agricultural peatlands.","authors":"Peduruhewa H Jeewani, Emmanuella Oghenefejiro Agbomedarho, Chris D Evans, David R Chadwick, Davey L Jones","doi":"10.1007/s42773-025-00487-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42773-025-00487-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite their high agricultural productivity, drained and cultivated peats are highly susceptible to degradation and significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study investigates the potential of water table manipulation and biochar application to mitigate GHG losses from agricultural peats. However, balancing the need for agricultural production with securing the ecosystem function of the peat under high water table (WT) conditions poses a significant challenge. Therefore, we grew lettuce in a controlled mesocosm experiment with either a high (HW) or low (LW) water table and monitored emissions of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O over 4 months using a mesocosm method. Concurrent measurements of soil solution, plant measurements and microbial sequencing allowed identification of the key controls on GHG emissions. Raising the WT significantly reduced CO₂ emissions (18%), and N₂O emission (40%), but eventually increased CH₄ emission (2.5-fold) compared to the Control + LW. Biochar amendment with raised WT provided the strongest reduction in CO₂ equivalent GHG emission (4.64 t CO₂eq ha^-1 yr^-1), compared to Control + LW. We found that biochar amendment modified the microbial community composition and diversity (Shannon index 8.9-9.3), lowering the relative abundance of peat decomposers (such as Ascomycota). Moreover, biochar amendments produced 38-56% greater lettuce biomass compared to the unamended controls, irrespective of water table level, suggesting that biochar application could generate economic benefits in addition to reduced GHG emissions. Mechanisms responsible for these effects appeared to be both abiotic (e.g. via effects of the biochar physicochemical composition) and biotic via changing the soil microbiome. Overall, the combination of high-water table and biochar amendment enhanced total soil C, reduced peat decomposition, suppressed CH₄ and N₂O emissions, and enhanced crop yields.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42773-025-00487-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse gas removal in agricultural peatland via raised water levels and soil amendment.","authors":"Peduruhewa H Jeewani, Robert W Brown, Jennifer M Rhymes, Niall P McNamara, David R Chadwick, Davey L Jones, Chris D Evans","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00422-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42773-024-00422-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peatlands are an important natural store of carbon (C). Drainage of lowland peatlands for agriculture and the subsequent loss of anaerobic conditions had turned these C stores into major emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Practical management strategies are needed to reduce these emissions, and ideally to reverse them to achieve net GHG removal (GGR). Here we show that a combination of enhanced C input as recalcitrant organic matter, CH₄ suppression by addition of terminal electron acceptors, and suppression of decomposition by raising water levels has the potential to achieve GGR in agricultural peat. We measured GHG (CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄) fluxes for 1 year with intensive sampling (6 times within the first 56 days) followed by monthly sampling in outdoor mesocosms with high (0 cm) and low (- 40 cm) water table treatments and five contrasting organic amendments (<i>Miscanthus</i>-derived biochar, <i>Miscanthus</i> chip, paper waste, biosolids, and barley straw) were applied to high water table cores, with and without iron sulphate (FeSO₄). Biochar produced the strongest net soil C gain, suppressing both peat decomposition and CH₄ emissions. No other organic amendment generated similar GGR, due to higher decomposition and CH₄ production. FeSO₄ application further suppressed CO₂ and CH₄ release following biochar addition. While we did not account for life-cycle emissions of biochar production, or its longer-term stability, our results suggest that biochar addition to re-wetted peatlands could be an effective climate mitigation strategy.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42773-024-00422-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the trends and hotspots of biochar’s applications in agriculture, environment, and energy: a bibliometrics study for 2022 and 2023","authors":"Ping Wu, Yingdong Fu, Tony Vancov, Hailong Wang, Yujun Wang, Wenfu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00370-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00370-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar, produced from the thermochemical conversion of biomass waste, has various applications owing to its broad utility and advantageous properties. This study employs a scientometric approach to comprehensively assess the advancements in biochar application from 2022 to 2023. Utilizing 13,357 bibliographic records sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection with the search term “biochar”, the analysis focuses on authorship, national contributions, and keyword trends. Findings demonstrate a continual rise in annual publications since 2009, albeit with a moderated growth rate in 2023. China leads in publication outputs, followed by USA and India, with Hailong Wang emerging as a prominent figure in biochar research. Keyword co-occurrence analyses identify key research themes such as biochar’s role in climate change mitigation, easing salinity and drought stress, immobilizing toxic metals, degrading organic pollutants, serving as additives in anaerobic digestion, and functioning as electrodes in microbial fuel cells. Among these, biochar’s application for global climate change mitigation gains significant attention, while its utilization as electrodes in microbial fuel cells emerges as a promising research frontier, indicating the growing need for sustainable energy sources. The study also outlines critical research gaps and future priorities for enhancing biochar application. Overall, it highlights the diverse applicability of biochar and offers valuable insight into research progression and forthcoming directions in biochar studies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oyster shell facilitates the green production of nitrogen-doped porous biochar from macroalgae: a case study for removing atrazine from water","authors":"Liying Song, Hu Cheng, Cuiying Liu, Rongting Ji, Shi Yao, Huihui Cao, Yi Li, Yongrong Bian, Xin Jiang, Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka, Yang Song","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00372-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00372-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low-cost and green preparation of efficient sorbents is critical to the removal of organic contaminants during water treatment. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of macroalgae and oyster shell was designed to synthesize nitrogen-doped porous biochars for sorption removal of atrazine from water. Oyster shell played a significant role in opening pores in macroalgae-derived biochars, resulting in the surface area of the macroalgae (<i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> and <i>Ulva lactuca</i>) and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous as high as 1501.80 m² g⁻¹ and 1067.18 m² g⁻¹, the pore volume reached 1.04 cm³ g⁻¹ and 0.93 cm³ g⁻¹, and O/C decreased to 0.09 and 0.08, respectively. The sorption capacity of atrazine to nitrogen-doped porous biochars (the <i>Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva lactuca</i> and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous) reached 312.06 mg g⁻¹ and 340.52 mg g⁻¹. Pore-filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π or <i>p</i>-π stacking and electrostatic interaction dominated the multilayer sorption process. Moreover, the nitrogen-doped porous biochars showed great performance in cyclic reusability, and the <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i>, <i>Ulva lactuca</i> and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous sorption capacity still reached 246.13 mg g⁻¹ and 255.97 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Thus, this study suggested that it is feasible and efficient to remove organic contaminants with the nitrogen-doped porous biochars co-pyrolyzed from macroalgae and oyster shell, providing a potential green resource utilization of aquatic wastes for environmental remediation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel utilization exploration for the dephosphorization waste of Ca–modified biochar: enhanced removal of heavy metal ions from water","authors":"Weilin Fu, Mengmeng Li, Hongan Chen, Jianhua Qu, Lisheng Zhang, Shangkai Qiu, Menghan Feng, Mingyao Yuan, Changbin Guo, Jien Zhou, Zhaolin Du, Feng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00373-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00373-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phosphorus-modified biochar has been proven to enhance the precipitation and complexation of heavy metal ions from wastewater. However, the current modification methods require large amounts of exogenous P and have high energy consumption. Hence, this study proposes and analyzes a strategy integrating biochar production, phosphorus wastewater treatment, dephosphorization waste recovery, and heavy metal removal. “BC-Ca-P” was derived from Ca-modified biochar after phosphorus wastewater treatment. The adsorption of Pb(II) by BC-Ca-P followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo–second–order kinetic models. The maximum adsorption capability of 361.20 mg·g⁻¹ at pH 5.0 for 2 h was markedly greater than that of external phosphorous-modified biochar. The adsorption mechanisms were dominated by chemical precipitation and complexation. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations indicated that oxygen-containing functional groups (P-O and C-O) contributed the most to the efficient adsorption of Pb(II) onto BC-Ca-P. To explore its practical feasibility, the adsorption performance of BC-Ca-P recovered from an actual environment was evaluated. The continuous-flow adsorption behavior was investigated and well-fitted utilizing the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models. There was a negligible P leakage risk of BC-Ca-P during heavy metal treatment. This study describes a novel and sustainable method to utilize dephosphorization waste for heavy metal removal.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant performance and soil–plant carbon relationship response to different biochar types","authors":"Jia Xin Liao, Pui San So, Sanandam Bordoloi, De Nian Li, Hao Ran Yuan, Yong Chen, Li Qing Xin","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00355-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00355-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar (BC) applications in soil has positive effects on plant performance, particularly for loose soil in agricultural context. However, how biochar types affect plant performance of non-crop species and soil–plant carbon relationships is not clear. We selected five different BC types and three plant species to investigate the responses of plant performance and the soil–plant carbon relationship to BC effects. The result demonstrated that peanut shell BC led to the death of both <i>R. tomentosa</i> and <i>C. edithiae</i>, due to a reduction in nutrient uptake caused by higher soil electricity conductivity (2001.7 and 976.3 µS cm⁻¹). However, the carbon content of <i>S. arboricola</i> increased by 57% in peanut shell BC-amended soil, suggesting that <i>S. arboricola</i> has a higher tolerance for soil salinity. Wood BC-amended soil led to better stomatal conductance (g_s) and leaf area index (LAI) of both <i>R. tomentosa</i> and <i>C. edithiae</i> due to the higher water retention in the soil (22.68% and 20.79%). This illustrated that a higher amount of water retention brought by wood BC with a great amount of pore volume might be the limited factor for plant growth. The relationship between g_s and LAI suggested that g_s would not increase when LAI reached beyond 3. Moreover, wood and peanut shell BC caused a negative relationship between soil organic carbon and plant carbon content, suggesting that plants consume more carbon from the soil to store it in the plant. Overall, wood BC is recommended for plant growth of <i>R. tomentosa</i> and <i>C. edithiae</i>, and peanut shell BC is suggested for <i>S. arboricola</i> carbon storage.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of hydrochar based photocatalysts by hydrothermal carbonization: synthesis, mechanisms, and applications","authors":"Zeliang Chen, Yanchuan Guo, Lei Luo, Zhengang Liu, Wei Miao, Yu Xia","doi":"10.1007/s42773-024-00364-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00364-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) stands out as an eco-friendly, cost-effective method for generating renewable carbon-based materials from biomass. The HTC process yields products such as hydrochars and carbon dots (CDs), possessed of notable photocatalytic capabilities due to their unique physicochemical features. Additionally, pairing traditional photocatalysts with hydrochar derivatives elevates their performance, rendering them more effective. Recent times have witnessed a surge in interest in these hydrochar based photocatalysts (HC-photocatalysts). Their appeal stems from multiple attributes: impeccable performance, adaptability to visible light, and adjustable physicochemical properties. This review delves deep into the evolving landscape of these HC-photocatalysts, segmenting them into three distinct categories: hydrochars, hydrochar-based CDs (HC-CDs), and hydrochar-based composites (HC-composites). For each category, we dissect their synthesis routes, unravel the photocatalytic mechanisms, and explore various enhancement strategies. We further traverse their versatile applications, spanning environmental treatment, disinfection, energy conversion, and organic synthesis. In the end, we spotlight the prevailing challenges and uncharted territories in the domain of HC-photocatalysts. In essence, this review serves as a guide, furnishing a theoretical foundation and steering directions for future explorations and tangible implementations of HC-photocatalysts.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}