Peduruhewa H Jeewani, Robert W Brown, Jennifer M Rhymes, Chris D Evans, Dave R Chadwick, Davey L Jones
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The experiment consisted of outdoor agricultural peat mesocosms monitored over 1 year. The relative effectiveness of the amendments in preserving peat-C (t C ha<sup>-1</sup>) followed the series: <i>Miscanthus</i> biochar (18.9 t C ha<sup>-1</sup>) > <i>Miscanthus</i> residues (17.3 t C ha<sup>-1</sup>) > biosolids (17.2 t C ha<sup>-1</sup>) > cereal straw (14.5 t C ha<sup>-1</sup>) > paper waste (13.3 t C ha<sup>-1</sup>) based on C additional rate (20 t C ha<sup>-1</sup>). Overall, a high-water table combined with biochar and FeSO<sub>4</sub> addition was the most effective at suppressing enzyme activity (e.g., β-glucosidase, phenol oxidase, cellobiase), methanogen activity (e.g., <i>Methanosarcina</i>) and peat mineralization rate. We ascribe this in part to changes in the fungal and bacterial community structure (e.g., reductions in Actinobacteria by - 22% and Ascomycota by - 61%). FeSO<sub>4</sub> also increased the Fe-bound C content in the non-rewetted treatment, supporting the 'iron gate' mechanism for C preservation. The mechanisms behind our results appear to be both abiotic (affecting SOC solubility through changes in redox conditions and Fe-C interactions) and biotic (via shifts in microbial community and enzyme activities), creating conditions that enhance C preservation. These findings provide evidence for implementing biochar and FeSO<sub>4</sub> amendments alongside water table management as practical, scalable strategies for restoring C storage capacity in agricultural peatlands.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42773-025-00501-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":8789,"journal":{"name":"Biochar","volume":"7 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":13.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423214/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Restoring degraded agricultural peatlands: how rewetting, biochar, and iron sulphate synergistically modify microbial hotspots and carbon storage.\",\"authors\":\"Peduruhewa H Jeewani, Robert W Brown, Jennifer M Rhymes, Chris D Evans, Dave R Chadwick, Davey L Jones\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s42773-025-00501-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The draining and conversion of peatlands for agriculture has led to their degradation globally, diminishing their carbon (C) storage capacity and functioning. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
泥炭地用于农业的排水和转化导致其在全球范围内退化,降低了其碳(C)储存能力和功能。然而,再润湿,加上有机/无机改进剂,有可能加速泥炭的形成和碳的积累。因此,本实验的目的是研究改变地下水位深度和添加有机(如生物炭、废纸、生物固体、谷物秸秆;20吨碳-1)和无机(如FeSO4; 0.5吨碳-1)材料对净碳储量和泥炭地功能(即微生物群落、温室气体排放和生物地球化学循环)的综合效益。本试验采用室外农业泥炭生态系统,监测时间长达1年。根据碳添加速率(20 t C ha-1),添加剂保存泥炭-碳(t C ha-1)的相对效果依次为:芒草生物炭(18.9 t C ha-1)、芒草残渣(17.3 t C ha-1)、生物固体(17.2 t C ha-1)、秸秆(14.5 t C ha-1)、废纸浆(13.3 t C ha-1)。总体而言,高水位结合生物炭和FeSO4在抑制酶活性(如β-葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶、纤维素酶)、产甲烷菌活性(如甲烷酸)和泥炭矿化率方面最有效。我们将这部分归因于真菌和细菌群落结构的变化(例如,放线菌减少了22%,子囊菌减少了61%)。在非再润湿处理中,FeSO4也增加了铁结合的C含量,支持“铁门”机制保存C。我们的研究结果背后的机制似乎是非生物的(通过氧化还原条件和Fe-C相互作用的变化影响有机碳溶解度)和生物的(通过微生物群落和酶活性的变化),创造了增强C保存的条件。这些发现为在地下水位管理的同时实施生物炭和FeSO4修正提供了证据,作为恢复农业泥炭地碳储存能力的实用、可扩展的策略。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,下载地址:10.1007/s42773-025-00501-y。
Restoring degraded agricultural peatlands: how rewetting, biochar, and iron sulphate synergistically modify microbial hotspots and carbon storage.
The draining and conversion of peatlands for agriculture has led to their degradation globally, diminishing their carbon (C) storage capacity and functioning. However, rewetting, alongside the addition of organic/inorganic amendments, has the potential to accelerate peat formation and C accrual. The aim of this experiment was therefore to examine the combined benefits of altering water table depth and adding organic (e.g., biochar, paper waste, biosolids, cereal straw; 20 t C ha-1) and inorganic (e.g., FeSO4; 0.5 t ha-1) materials on net C storage and peatland functioning (i.e., microbial communities, greenhouse gas emissions and biogeochemical cycling). The experiment consisted of outdoor agricultural peat mesocosms monitored over 1 year. The relative effectiveness of the amendments in preserving peat-C (t C ha-1) followed the series: Miscanthus biochar (18.9 t C ha-1) > Miscanthus residues (17.3 t C ha-1) > biosolids (17.2 t C ha-1) > cereal straw (14.5 t C ha-1) > paper waste (13.3 t C ha-1) based on C additional rate (20 t C ha-1). Overall, a high-water table combined with biochar and FeSO4 addition was the most effective at suppressing enzyme activity (e.g., β-glucosidase, phenol oxidase, cellobiase), methanogen activity (e.g., Methanosarcina) and peat mineralization rate. We ascribe this in part to changes in the fungal and bacterial community structure (e.g., reductions in Actinobacteria by - 22% and Ascomycota by - 61%). FeSO4 also increased the Fe-bound C content in the non-rewetted treatment, supporting the 'iron gate' mechanism for C preservation. The mechanisms behind our results appear to be both abiotic (affecting SOC solubility through changes in redox conditions and Fe-C interactions) and biotic (via shifts in microbial community and enzyme activities), creating conditions that enhance C preservation. These findings provide evidence for implementing biochar and FeSO4 amendments alongside water table management as practical, scalable strategies for restoring C storage capacity in agricultural peatlands.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42773-025-00501-y.
期刊介绍:
Biochar stands as a distinguished academic journal delving into multidisciplinary subjects such as agronomy, environmental science, and materials science. Its pages showcase innovative articles spanning the preparation and processing of biochar, exploring its diverse applications, including but not limited to bioenergy production, biochar-based materials for environmental use, soil enhancement, climate change mitigation, contaminated-environment remediation, water purification, new analytical techniques, life cycle assessment, and crucially, rural and regional development. Biochar publishes various article types, including reviews, original research, rapid reports, commentaries, and perspectives, with the overarching goal of reporting significant research achievements, critical reviews fostering a deeper mechanistic understanding of the science, and facilitating academic exchange to drive scientific and technological development.