Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Upcycling waste cotton textiles into bacterial cellulose: Enzymatic hydrolysis evaluation and bench scale validation in a rotating disk bioreactor","authors":"Dimitris P. Laderos,&nbsp;Panagiotis Oikonomopoulos,&nbsp;Giannis S. Papaefstathiou,&nbsp;George E. Baltatzis,&nbsp;Ioannis P. Trougakos,&nbsp;Dimitris G. Hatzinikolaou,&nbsp;Erminta Tsouko","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global textile waste represents a critical environmental challenge, yet its high cellulose content offers an opportunity for sustainable resource recovery. This study presents an integrated enzymatic–microbial platform to convert mono-material waste cotton textiles (WCT) into bacterial cellulose (BC). Systematic investigation of WCT enzymatic hydrolysis achieved a maximum glucose yield of 94.4%, providing an effective nutrient base for microbial synthesis. Initial shake-flask fermentations using <em>Komagataeibacter intermedius</em> B1034 demonstrated that WCT-derived hydrolysates supported BC production equivalent to conventional carbon sources and biodiesel-derived glycerol (2.3–3.4 g/L) (<em>p &gt; 0.05</em>). Bench-scale validation in a custom-designed rotating disk bioreactor (RDB) led to 3.2 g BC/disk using WCT-supported cultures; this performance demonstrates the platform's efficiency, aligning with industrial waste benchmarks such as crude glycerol (4.1 g BC/disk). BC characterization via ATR-FTIR and powder XRD confirmed the characteristic Iα crystalline form of cellulose. TEM and SEM confirmed the characteristic nanofibrillar architecture of BC, with SEM showing larger apparent fiber diameters while reproducing the same morphological trend. Furthermore, the WCT-derived BC exhibited robust thermal stability (T_max = 297°C), indicating that the use of complex waste streams successfully preserves the structural integrity required for advanced biopolymer applications. Overall, this research highlights a promising bench-scale bioreactor framework to recover value from WCT, thereby advancing the strategic goals of a circular bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive nutritional profiling and phytochemical characterization of Anredera cordifolia leaves with insights into their therapeutic properties","authors":"Chinnasamy Menaka,&nbsp;Arumugam Vignesh","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Anredera cordifolia</em> (Ten.) Steenis is an edible medicinal plant traditionally used by indigenous communities of the Western Ghats for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. This study comprehensively evaluated the nutritional composition, phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activity of <em>A. cordifolia</em> leaves. Proximate analysis revealed considerable levels of nitrogen-free extractives, crude lipids, dietary fiber and ash. ICP-MS analysis confirmed the presence of essential minerals, particularly potassium, calcium, sodium and magnesium. The methanolic extract contained the highest levels of phenolics (153.06 ± 13.70 GAE mg/g) and flavonoids (328.00 ± 29.21 QE mg/g), together with appreciable amounts of alkaloids, tannins and saponins, respectively. FTIR and HPLC analyses confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups and major bioactive compounds, including gallic acid, <em>p</em>-coumaric acid, kaempferol and quercetin. The methanolic extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH^● IC₅₀ = 197.17 ± 6.95 μg/mL), inhibited the growth of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HT-29 human colon cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 184.55 μg/mL) with evidence of apoptosis induction. These findings provide a comprehensive characterization of <em>A. cordifolia</em> leaves and suggest that they are a valuable source of bioactive compounds for pharmacological validation. Further <em>in vivo</em> and mechanistic studies are needed to validate their potential therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multitarget bioactivity of organ-specific extracts and polysaccharide fractions of Cyclocybe aegerita: Integrated mycochemical, structural, in vitro, chemometric, and molecular docking analyses","authors":"Milena Rašeta,&nbsp;Sofija Bekić,&nbsp;Marko Kebert,&nbsp;Jovana Mišković,&nbsp;Sanja Berežni,&nbsp;Gordana Gojgić-Cvijović,&nbsp;Anđelka Ćelić,&nbsp;Nemanja Gavrilov,&nbsp;Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović,&nbsp;Edward Petri","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cyclocybe aegerita</em> (V. Brig.) Vizzini 2014 remains underexplored regarding the mycochemical composition and bioactivity of its anatomical parts. This study investigated solvent-specific extracts obtained from caps, stems, and whole fruiting bodies of samples collected in Novi Sad, Northern Serbia, including a polysaccharide-rich (PSH) fraction. LC-MS/MS was used to characterize phenolic compounds in extracts and the PSH fraction obtained from whole fruiting bodies, while atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the mineral composition of caps and stems. ATR-FTIR, SEM, and TGA/DTA were applied to PSH fractions obtained from stems, caps, and whole fruiting bodies. Antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, NO, LP, FRAP), inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, steroid hormone receptor binding (ERα, ERβ, AR, GR), and AKR1C3/AKR1C4 inhibition were evaluated, complemented by molecular docking of selected phenolics. Caps were richer in polyphenolics, particularly <em>p</em>-coumaric and chlorogenic acids, whereas stems contained higher levels of polysaccharides and iron. ATR-FTIR, SEM, and TG/DTA analyses revealed distinct structural and thermal characteristics of PSH fractions obtained from different anatomical parts. The hydromethanolic (80% MeOH) stem extract demonstrated dual inhibition of digestive enzymes and hormone-related targets, with α-glucosidase inhibition reaching 73.59%, while also exhibiting pronounced NO radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 307.94 μg/mL). These findings highlight the importance of organ-specific profiling and identify <em>C. aegerita</em> as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in functional food, nutraceuticals, and complementary health-related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of bioactive metabolites in Tephrosia apollinea callus cultures is temperature and tissue-specific: Metabolomic profiling and molecular docking insights","authors":"Suad Kadeem Khan,&nbsp;Kareem A. Mosa,&nbsp;Rania Hamdy,&nbsp;Attiat Elnaggar,&nbsp;Sameh S.M. Soliman","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Tephrosia apollinea</h3><div>a medicinal plant native to arid regions, remains underexplored for <em>in vitro</em> plant tissue culture in pharmaceutical applications. This study integrates phytochemical, bioactivity, and GC–MS–based metabolomic analyses to reveal organ-specific temperature-driven metabolic reprogramming in <em>Tephrosia apollinea</em> callus cultures. Calli were induced from root, stem, and leaf explants at 4 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C. Morphological, moisture, and phytochemical analyses revealed distinct organ and temperature-dependent responses. Stem calli at 30 °C and root calli at 40 °C demonstrated the highest total phenolic content. Root calli also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 0.58 ± 0.05 mg/mL), while stem calli at 40 °C exhibited the most potent anti-<em>Candida</em> activity, reducing cell viability by 52.46 ± 0.45%. GC-MS based metabolomics and pathway enrichment analyses revealed organ-specific metabolic reprogramming. Stem calli under heat stress enriched linoleic acid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, while root calli uniquely enhanced α-linoleic acid metabolism. Shared lipophilic compounds included γ-sitosterol, squalene, and stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one. Molecular docking studies further supported the biological relevance of these metabolites interacting with <em>Candida albicans</em> CYP51 (PDB: 5V5Z), human SOD1 (PDB: 5YTO), and catalase (PDB: 1DGB). Stem calli-derived compounds including 4,8,12,16-tetramethyl heptadecan-4-olide and stigmastanol exhibited strong binding affinity to <em>C</em><em>.</em> <em>albicans</em> CYP51, while root-derived antioxidants such as α-tocopherol and scyllo-inositol interacted effectively with SOD1 and catalase. Overall, this study highlights the impact of temperature stress on metabolite accumulation in <em>T. apollinea</em> calli and demonstrates the potential of callus cultures as a source of bioactive metabolites with predicted antioxidant and antifungal activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148731059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radermachera sinica leaf extract - mediated synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles for antimicrobial efficacy and improved growth performance of Oryza sativa","authors":"S. Chitrashalini,&nbsp;S. Venkat Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green synthesis of biopolymer-based nanoparticles has emerged as a sustainable strategy for developing multifunctional nanomaterials for agricultural applications. In this study, <em>Radermachera sinica</em> leaf extract was utilized for the first time to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles (RS-CNPs) without chemical crosslinking agents. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM–EDX, TEM, DLS, zeta potential, and XPS analyses, confirming successful nanoparticle formation and phytochemical-mediated surface functionalization. RS-CNPs exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities, outperforming the plant extract. Seed nanopriming with RS-CNPs significantly enhanced root and shoot growth, biomass, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities in <em>Oryza sativa</em>, with <strong>100 μg mL⁻¹</strong> identified as the optimum concentration. Stable H₂O₂ and MDA levels, together with normal mitotic behaviour in <em>Allium cepa</em>, confirmed the biocompatibility and non-phytotoxic nature of the nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate that RS-CNPs are promising eco-friendly nanomaterials with considerable potential for antimicrobial applications, seed nanopriming, and sustainable crop production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148770676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNAi machinery gene expression dynamics and insights into the RNAi pathway in pink mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green)","authors":"Chinmay Oshimath,&nbsp;Gandhi Gracy Ramasamy,&nbsp;Selva Babu Selvamani,&nbsp;Ashwitha Gopal,&nbsp;Nikita Negi,&nbsp;R. Manjunatha,&nbsp;Venkatesan Thiruvengadam","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pink mealybug <em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em> (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) poses a significant threat to several economically important crops, including guava, mulberry, and grapevine. Owing to the limited efficacy of conventional pest management strategies, controlling this destructive pest remains a major challenge. Consequently, alternative approaches such as RNA interference (RNAi), particularly spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), have gained attention as potential species-specific pest control strategies. However, the successful application of RNAi-based approaches requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular components of the RNAi machinery genes in <em>M. hirsutus</em>. In this study, six core RNAi machinery genes, namely Dicer-1 (<em>MhDCR-1</em>), Dicer-2 (<em>MhDCR-2</em>), Argonaute-1 (<em>MhAGO-1</em>), Argonaute-2 (<em>MhAGO-2</em>), Drosha (<em>MhDROSHA</em>), and Loquacious (<em>MhLOQ</em>), were identified and characterized through conserved domain identification and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the expression profiles of these genes were examined for the first time across different developmental stages of <em>M. hirsutus</em>, revealing stage-specific variation in transcript abundance of RNAi pathway genes. To further assess RNAi pathway responsiveness, temporal expression analysis of selected RNAi machinery genes was conducted following exposure to non-target dsRNA (dsGUS) and target dsRNA (dsFAR) at 24, 48, and 72 h. The results revealed distinct and time-dependent transcriptional responses, with dsGUS inducing modest and transient changes, while dsFAR elicited stronger and dynamic regulation of <em>MhDCR-1</em>, <em>MhDCR-2</em>, and <em>MhAGO-2</em>. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the temporal regulation of RNAi machinery genes in <em>M. hirsutus</em> and establish a molecular basis for future functional studies and the development of RNAi-based pest management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148771283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green nanostructured supports for lipase immobilization: Advances in stability enhancement and applications in antioxidant ester synthesis","authors":"Ayda Torchi,&nbsp;Lindomar Alberto Lerin,&nbsp;Khaled A.G. Marzouq,&nbsp;Khouloud Kallel,&nbsp;Slim Cherif","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green nanostructured materials have emerged as promising platforms for enzyme immobilization due to their tunable surface properties, high specific surface area, and environmentally benign synthesis routes. In this context, lipase immobilization has become an effective strategy for improving enzyme stability, reusability, and catalytic efficiency in industrial biocatalysis. This review provides a critical overview of recent advances in the use of green nanoparticle-based supports for lipase immobilization, with particular emphasis on the structure–function relationships governing catalytic performance, conformational stabilization, interfacial activation, and mass transfer behavior. Different classes of green nanomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles, mesoporous silica, carbon-based nanomaterials, and biopolymer-derived supports, are comparatively analyzed according to their immobilization mechanisms, operational stability, and catalytic efficiency. Special attention will be given to their application in the synthesis of antioxidant esters and other high-value bioactive compounds are critically discussed, highlighting both catalytic advantages and current limitations. Furthermore, key challenges associated with scalability, enzyme–support interactions, diffusional limitations, and process sustainability are addressed, together with emerging perspectives for the rational design of next-generation green nanobiocatalytic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First exploration of seed endophytic bacteria from Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., revealing Mammaliicoccus sp. and Enterobacter sp. with plant growth-promoting and rice seed priming potential","authors":"Soumak Dutta,&nbsp;Suparna Mandal Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed endophytes are gaining attention for their beneficial roles in plant growth, nutrient assimilation, and stress tolerance. Intensive efforts are made to identify beneficial endophytic bacteria for sustainable crop improvement. Despite its ecological, medicinal, and biochemical importance, the seed endophytes of <em>Artocarpus lakoocha</em> Roxb. remain unexplored.</div><div>Fifteen bacterial isolates were recovered, and five (Als1, Als2, Als3, Als13, and Als15) were selected for further study based on their IAA production at a concentration of 9.19 μg/ml, 7.36 μg/ml, 17.73 μg/ml, 15.26 μg/ml, and 8.71 μg/ml, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed Als1 and Als2 as <em>Mammaliicoccus sp.</em> and Als3, Als13, and Als15 as <em>Enterobacter sp.</em></div><div>All isolates were able to grow under nitrogen-limiting conditions on Jensen's medium and formed biofilms. Als2 showed the highest biofilm production potential (0.34 ± 0.02 at 590 nm). Als3, Als13, and Als15 demonstrated the ability to solubilize phosphate and potassium, and also produced siderophores. Maximum phosphate (with PSI of 2 ± 0.5) and potassium (with KSI of 1.15 ± 0.21) solubilizing capabilities were exhibited by Als3. Isolates Als1 and Als2 were only capable of producing ammonia with 1.97 ± 0.29 μg/ml and 1.85 ± 0.39 μg/ml, respectively.</div><div>Biopriming rice seeds with each isolate significantly enhanced seedling growth in both petri plate and pot experiments. Als3 exhibited maximum root length stimulation, while treatment with Als1 displayed the highest shoot length increment. Treatments also enhanced root hair length and density, thus improving nutrient uptake capacity.</div><div>All our findings suggest that bioprospecting bacteria from <em>A. lakoocha</em> seeds offers a sustainable alternative to improve crop productivity and soil health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104187"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable yield enhancement in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. through seed priming: Bulk silicon vs. silicon nanoparticles","authors":"Deepa Kumari,&nbsp;Ved Prakash Yadav,&nbsp;Shilpa Sharma,&nbsp;Shamshad ul Haq,&nbsp;Sourav Singla,&nbsp;Siddharth Kuldeep,&nbsp;S.L. Kothari,&nbsp;Sumita Kachhwaha","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) have emerged as a promising nanotechnology-based approach for enhancing crop productivity; however, their comparative effectiveness over conventional bulk silicon in cluster bean (<em>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</em> L.) remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluated the effects of seed priming with SiO₂ nanoparticles and bulk silicon on the agronomic performance of two cluster bean varieties (RGC-986 and RGC-1066) under summer and kharif conditions. Seeds were primed with deionized water (control), bulk silicon, or SiO₂ nanoparticles at five concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg mL⁻¹). Field experiments were conducted using a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Three-way analysis of variance revealed significant effects of season, variety, treatment, and their interactions on most of the 15 agronomic traits evaluated. Compared with bulk silicon and the control, SiO₂ nanoparticle seed priming markedly enhanced crop growth and productivity. The highest germination (94.67%), plant height (132.67 cm), and number of branches (10.67 plant⁻¹) were recorded under SiO₂ NP treatment. The 200 μg mL⁻¹ SiO₂ NP treatment in RGC-986 produced the highest grain yield (1875 kg ha⁻¹), representing a 258% increase over the control, whereas the 400 μg mL⁻¹ treatment in RGC-1066 resulted in the highest fodder yield (2276.33 kg ha⁻¹), approximately 110% greater than the control. Correlation and path coefficient analyses identified germination percentage and number of clusters per plant as the major contributors to grain yield. Overall, SiO₂ nanoparticle seed priming proved more effective than bulk silicon, highlighting its potential as a sustainable strategy for improving cluster bean productivity across diverse genotypes and growing seasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148651199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metabolomics revealed resistance-related compounds and mycotoxin targets in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against Fusarium graminearum using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"Massarat Fatima,&nbsp;Katkuri Balakrishna,&nbsp;Ragiba Makandar","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2026.104191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To identify resistance-related compounds and mycotoxin targets, compatible and incompatible wheat-<em>Fusarium graminearum</em> interactions were compared by untargeted metabolomics approach. Two wheat genotypes: Nobeoka (resistant) and Sonalika (susceptible) inoculated with <em>F. graminearum</em> strain TN01 and their mock-treated controls were compared at 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 809 metabolites were detected that were common across all treatments. Differentially regulated pathways related to glycine, pyrimidine, serine-threonine, and arginine biosynthesis along with amino acid and flavonoid production were detected. Phenylpropanoid, terpenoid, and fatty acid pathways were enriched in Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant wheat. Metabolites from these pathways may serve as resistance-related biomarkers. Further, the defense genes: Pathogenesis-related protein (<em>PR1</em>) and plant defensin (<em>PDF1.2</em>) were up-regulated in <em>F. graminearum-</em>inoculated wheat spikes in a time-course study indicating activation of resistance responses against <em>F. graminearum</em>. Similarly, elevated expression of antioxidant genes, <em>GSH1</em> (γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase) and <em>GSTF1</em> (a phi-class glutathione S-transferase) was observed in resistant genotype compared to susceptible genotype subsequent to <em>F. graminearum</em> infection. The heightened glutathione biosynthesis and detoxification response in resistant genotype correlated with reduced pathogen progression indicating the role of redox-regulated genes in limiting toxin accumulation thereby contributing to enhanced wheat food safety and security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 104191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148637119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}