Li Zhang, Yu Yan, Diannan Huang, Liansong Gao, Rongxin Zhang
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into Fe²⁺/Sodium percarbonate pretreatment for optimizing volatile fatty acid yields from waste activated sludge","authors":"Li Zhang, Yu Yan, Diannan Huang, Liansong Gao, Rongxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic fermentation technology presents significant advantages in waste activated sludge treatment, encompassing sludge reduction, detoxification, and resource recovery, primarily by generating high-value volatile fatty acids (VFAs). This study systematically investigated the enhancement effects of Fe²⁺/sodium percarbonate (SPC) pretreatment on sludge disintegration and organic matter hydrolysis. The optimal pretreatment conditions (initial pH=3, SPC dosage=0.3 g/g TSS, Fe²⁺ dosage=0.3 g/g TSS) resulted in a maximum VFAs production of 1598 mg COD/L, representing a 7.26-fold increase compared to untreated sludge. Under these conditions, acetic acid accounted for 52.9 % of the total VFAs. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that Fe²⁺/SPC pretreatment selectively enriched hydrolytic-acidogenic microbial communities while inhibiting VFAs-consuming populations, thereby directing metabolic flux toward acid accumulation. These findings establish an innovative technical approach and provide a mechanistic framework for advanced resource recovery from waste activated sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thea Jess Plesner , Fang Wang , Yi Ouyang , Zeynab Khazaee , Pengfei Zhou , Mingliang Zhang , Bekir Engin Eser , Yan Zhang , Zheng Guo
{"title":"Cooperative action from Cu-centered MOF and a laccase for enhanced decolorization of synthetic dyes","authors":"Thea Jess Plesner , Fang Wang , Yi Ouyang , Zeynab Khazaee , Pengfei Zhou , Mingliang Zhang , Bekir Engin Eser , Yan Zhang , Zheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laccases are highly versatile copper-dependent enzymes that can oxidize a broad range of substrates, with the combination of converting molecular oxygen to water. However, extreme conditions cause laccase instability, inactivation, and difficulty in its applications. Applying nanomaterials to natural laccase immobilization is essential for their applications as it allows their stabilization and easy recovery from the liquid reaction media and subsequent reuse. Here, we develop an ingenious method to cooperate the copper centers of a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) and a newly discovered laccase-<em>Lf</em>LAC3 for effective decolorization of synthetic dyes. The immobilized enzyme presents excellent properties: the catalytic activity improved 62.6-fold, and the half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) at 60 °C increased more than 3-fold, indicating enhanced stability. The reusability was tested by monitoring the decolorization efficiency towards malachite green at 30°C and 60 °C, which demonstrated that the immobilized <em>Lf</em>LAC3 can be reused more than ten cycles with more than 80 % removal at both temperatures through a simple centrifugation process. In addition, the detoxification of dyes after enzymatic treatment was also investigated by toxicity assessment. The structural characterization results indicated that copper centers of Cu-MOFs were evenly distributed in MOF-enzyme composites, affording synergistic effects for the catalytic functions. Our work highlights the potential of cooperating metal centers of MOFs and metal enzymes to generate catalysts with promising catalytic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
He Li , Hao Yang , Shuai Sun , Zhen Wang , Jifan Bu , Jieying Liu , Weilong Xing , Lei Wang
{"title":"Aerobic simulated biodegradation of novel brominated flame retardants: Systems and mechanisms","authors":"He Li , Hao Yang , Shuai Sun , Zhen Wang , Jifan Bu , Jieying Liu , Weilong Xing , Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), widely used alternatives to phase-out traditional BFRs, raise environmental and health concerns, necessitating systematic evaluation of their degradability and removal mechanisms. This study developed and validated an aerobic simulated biodegradation method based on Chinese conventional activated sludge process to assess selected NBFRs (TBPH, TBC, TBPAE). Under optimized conditions (hydraulic retention time of 9 h; mixed liquor suspended solids of 3.5 g·L<sup>−1</sup>), 60-day removal rates of TBPH, TBC, and TBPAE were 16.78 %, 35.76 %, and 64.99 %, respectively. Non-targeted screening identified potential degradation products, and plausible biodegradation pathways, primarily involving debromination and hydrolysis, were proposed. Metagenomic analysis revealed dominant microbial strains, such as <em>Rhodanobacter</em>, with degradation potential and identified their associated functional genes. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first systematic study of the aerobic biodegradation of NBFRs, providing valuable insights into their persistence and environmental risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zongzheng Yang , Huijuan Yan , Jingce Zhou , Zihan Zuo , Xueyang Zhang , Liya Wu , Wenli Zhao , Zhiguo Wu
{"title":"Immobilization of a novel formaldehyde-degrading fungus in polyvinyl alcohol–sodium alginate beads for continuous wastewater treatment","authors":"Zongzheng Yang , Huijuan Yan , Jingce Zhou , Zihan Zuo , Xueyang Zhang , Liya Wu , Wenli Zhao , Zhiguo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel formaldehyde-degrading fungus, identified as <em>Geotrichum</em> sp. YC8 based on microscopic morphology and internal transcribed spacer gene sequence analysis. The strain can efficiently degrade 100 mg/L formaldehyde even under high-salinity conditions (50 g/L NaCl) or at an acidic pH of 2.0. Optimal degradation conditions, determined via response surface methodology, were 31.4 °C, pH 5, and 12 % inoculum. YC8 cells were encapsulated in a polyvinyl alcohol–sodium alginate hydrogel to enhance biodegradation, with an optimal formulation of 2 % sodium alginate, 6 % polyvinyl alcohol, and 3 % calcium chloride. The impact of hydrogel bead size on mass transfer efficiency was also evaluated. Batch tests revealed that immobilized cells were more resilient, achieving complete degradation of 800 mg/L formaldehyde within 55 h. Both free and immobilized cells exhibited first-order kinetics at low concentrations and zero-order kinetics at high concentrations. The immobilized cells maintained stable performance in a fluidized bed reactor, enabling continuous degradation of 900 mg/L formaldehyde. This study highlights YC8 as a promising agent for practical formaldehyde degradation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peiqi Li , Yue Lu , Ruoqing Du , Haibo Meng , Zaixing Li , Chao Liu , Hongbin Cong , Xin Yue , Bingnan Ye
{"title":"Digestate recirculation to enhance biogas production from dry anaerobic digestion of cow manure and corn straw: Strategies and impacts","authors":"Peiqi Li , Yue Lu , Ruoqing Du , Haibo Meng , Zaixing Li , Chao Liu , Hongbin Cong , Xin Yue , Bingnan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the semi-continuous dry anaerobic digestion (AD) of cow manure and corn straw. While previous research on dry AD rarely explored digestate recirculation ratios (R) above 60 %, this study specifically examines R values of 60 %, 70 %, and 80 %, in conjunction with total solid (TS) contents of 20 % and 25 %. The research provides a comprehensive evaluation of material balance, microbial community dynamics, and the impact of TS variation on digestate recirculation efficiency. Results show that at R = 70 % and TS = 20 %, the maximum CH<sub>4</sub> production reaches 1.17 L/L/d, while the peak biogas production is 2.71 L/L/d. Increasing R leads to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). However, an excessively R of 80 % reduces biogas production by 58.97 %. A higher TS affects the material conversion efficiency during different AD stages, resulting in reduced biogas and CH<sub>4</sub> production, although it does not alter the overall trend of R's influence. Acetotrophic <em>Methanosarcina</em> and <em>Methanosaeta</em> play crucial roles in biogas production, As R increases, <em>Methanosarcina</em> becomes increasingly dominant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rufei Liu , Jiahao Liao , Jie Liu , Yanbin Sun , Zhi Gao , Ruirui Zhao , Ziyi Yang , Yanping Liu
{"title":"Optimization of medium-high-temperature acidification of kitchen waste with response surface methodology in two-phase anaerobic digestion process","authors":"Rufei Liu , Jiahao Liao , Jie Liu , Yanbin Sun , Zhi Gao , Ruirui Zhao , Ziyi Yang , Yanping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the acid-producing phase at middle-high temperatures, the generation of soluble organics (such ethanol, acetic acid, and butyric acid) from kitchen trash was optimized. The response variable in this investigation was the fermentation of butyric acid. Temperature, food/microorganisms ratio [F/M], organic load [OL], pH, hydraulic retention time [HRT], and their interactions with the yield of butyric acid and acetic acid were examined using the response surface methodology. The ideal values of the process parameters were also identified. The results indicated that the following conditions had the greatest impact on acid production: 41.67 °C, F/M 2, beginning pH of 9, HRT of 3.35 days, and OL of 80 g volatile solids·L<sup>−1</sup>. The combined concentrations of butyric and acetic acids at these process conditions were 19324.7 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>, or 89 % of the total VFA concentration. In contrast to ultrahigh temperatures, medium-high temperatures improved acidogenic bacterial survival and produced greater system stability and acid production capability, according to a study on acidogenesis at different temperatures. Propionic acid buildup was inhibited and the substance's selectivity was improved by achieving a tailored fermentation mode dominated by butyric and acetic acids through strategic parameter optimization. The study's findings offer a theoretical framework for further investigation into two-phase anaerobic digestion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianhuai Huang , Yankun Liu , Hao Hu , Yanjun Liu , Xiangchong Yu , Liankun Dong , Zhenghao Li
{"title":"Exogenous substances promote aerobic granular sludge formation and pollutants removal in treating petrochemical wastewater at low concentration","authors":"Xianhuai Huang , Yankun Liu , Hao Hu , Yanjun Liu , Xiangchong Yu , Liankun Dong , Zhenghao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology shows advances (e.g., great sedimentation ability) in wastewater treatment. However, the difficulty and long start-up time for sludge granulation still restricts the practical application of AGS technology, especially in treating low-concentration wastewater. In this work, the effects of two exogenous substances (i.e., granular activated carbon (GAC) and Fe<sup>2 +</sup> based flocculant (Fe<sup>2+</sup>)) on AGS formation in treating real low-concentration petrochemical wastewater were evaluated. The results showed that additions of sole GAC and Fe all increased the removal of COD and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, compared to the control bioreactor. Noticeably, the introductions of sole GAC and Fe<sup>2+</sup> greatly shortened the granulation time (from 60 days to 30–50 days) and increased the granular size (from 380 μm to 520–700 μm at day 60). The accelerated granulation process could be attributed to the nucleating effect of GAC and flocculation of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, which all improved the sedimentation performance of activated sludge. In addition, the promoted secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and altered bacterial community by GAC and Fe<sup>2+</sup> also contributed to the granulation of activated sludge. These findings may provide new insights for the enhancement of sludge granulation by exogenous substances in treating low-concentration petrochemical wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishment of a denitrification phosphorus removal system under anaerobic-anoxic operation: Key factors, performance, and microbial community","authors":"Peng-fei Yu, Li-yao Han, Ding Wang, Shuang Wang, Xing-guan Ma, Li-cheng Zhang, Yu-lan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Denitrification phosphorus removal (DPR) technology has received much attention due to its high utilisation of carbon sources, and the relative abundance of denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) and phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) as a percentage of a DPR system can significantly affect system performance. In this study, two sets of parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were constructed and operated in anaerobic/anoxic (R1) and anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (R2) modes to enrich DPR systems with different relative abundances of DPAOs, to investigate the interactions between DPAOs and PAOs when they coexist, and the effects of nitrate, carbon source, free ammonia (FA) key factors on the phosphorus removal performance of DPR systems. The findings indicated that R1 and R2 reached maximum phosphorus release at 1.0 mgFA/L and 0.6 mgFA/L, respectively. According to data from scanning electron microscopy and microbial high-throughput analysis, globular bacteria predominated on the surface of the granular sludge that developed, and there was a high relative abundance of DPAOs in R1. In addition to confirming the DPR system's operational effectiveness in both anaerobic/anoxic and anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic modes, as well as the associated genetic variations in nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, and the optimal organic matter dosing concentration of 240 mg/L and the optimal nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) concentration of 12 mg/L in the system prior to anoxia were derived for the DPR system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueling Wu , Jingxuan Peng , Pengyu Zhang , Kai Yang , Huanyao Li , Weimin Zeng , Jin Huang
{"title":"Improving composting quality and optimizing bacterial community: A study on the effects of bamboo sphere, vermiculite, and sponge iron in cattle manure composting","authors":"Xueling Wu , Jingxuan Peng , Pengyu Zhang , Kai Yang , Huanyao Li , Weimin Zeng , Jin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composting represents a widely adopted approach for managing cattle manure, yet conventional approaches often suffer from inefficient decomposition rates and suboptimal product quality. This study systematically investigated the optimization of aerobic composting processes using cattle manure and rice straw as primary substrates, supplemented with three distinct additives: hollow bamboo spheres, vermiculite, and sponge iron. Through integrated monitoring of physicochemical evolution and microbial community dynamics, this study evaluated the differential efficacy of these additives in enhancing composting performance. Key findings revealed that vermiculite treatment achieved superior humification levels, concurrently facilitating substantial stabilization of heavy metals, particularly Zn (31.59 % conversion rate to stable fractions) and Cr (60.49 % conversion rate to stable fractions). These effects correlated strongly with the enrichment of <em>Firmicutes</em>. Redundancy analysis indicated electrical conductivity (EC) as the dominant driver of bacterial community restructuring after the thermophilic stage. While the morphological transformation of Zn and Cr showed significant associations with humic substances, the speciation distribution of Cu exhibited stronger linkages to bacterial community structure. Correlation analysis indicated that most <em>Firmicutes</em> played a crucial role in organic matter degradation and humic substance synthesis, whereas <em>Pseudomonas</em> demonstrated nitrogen conservation capability. This work provides theoretical foundations and practical insights for the resource utilization and harmless treatment of cattle manure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Eduardo Guzmán-Martínez, Valeria Caltzontzin-Rabell, Sergio Iván Martínez-Guido, Claudia Gutiérrez-Antonio
{"title":"Valorization of effluents from the wine industry through a biorefinery scheme to obtain sustainable aviation fuel, levulinic acid, water, and value-added compounds","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Guzmán-Martínez, Valeria Caltzontzin-Rabell, Sergio Iván Martínez-Guido, Claudia Gutiérrez-Antonio","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wine industry generates a substantial amount of highly polluting wastewater, for which inadequate disposal has become a primary social and environmental concern. At the same time, these effluents are characterized by having a high content of carbohydrates, alcohols, and solids; these compounds can be used to generate bioenergy, a priority axis in México. Thus, this research proposes valorizing wine effluents through a biorefinery to produce biofuels and valuable products, focusing on levulinic acid and sustainable aviation fuel. It also analyzes the economic and environmental impact of the utilities involved. As a methodology, the composition and pretreatment of the wastewater are determined, and the products of interest in the biorefinery are selected. The respective production processes for each product are designed, simulated, and integrated into Aspen Plus V14; after that, a parametric analysis of the manipulated variables is carried out, and the removal of the organic load is evaluated based on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as an indicator, which is compared with that indicated by the NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021 standard. As a result, levulinic acid, sustainable aviation fuel, green diesel, naphtha, light gases, glycols, bioethanol, and electrical power are produced. At the same time, an attractive profit ($245,513,069.86 USD) is also realized. In addition, the biorefinery reduces the COD of the effluent by 99.99 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}