Christina Samara, Alexandros Biziouras, Georgia Papapanagiotou, Christos Chatzidoukas
{"title":"Extending the green stage of Haematococcus pluvialis as a crucial precursor for efficient astaxanthin production: Optimization via Taguchi design","authors":"Christina Samara, Alexandros Biziouras, Georgia Papapanagiotou, Christos Chatzidoukas","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microalga <em>Haematococcus pluvialis</em> can accumulate the natural antioxidant astaxanthin up to 5 % of its dry weight under multi-stress conditions. Increasing this percentage remains challenging; therefore, the key to efficient astaxanthin production lies significantly on the formation of a vigorous, high-density, and synchronized green-cell population prior to the induction of carotogenesis. Despite its importance, optimization of the vegetative growth phase is often underestimated. This study employs an L9-Taguchi design of experiments to systematically investigate the combinatorial effects of four key cultivation factors - temperature, sodium bicarbonate, nitrogen, and phosphorus - on the vegetative growth of <em>H. pluvialis</em>. Temperature emerges as the most influential factor for biomass production, showing an adverse effect with its increment. Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation combined with sodium bicarbonate supplementation induces a premature shift to the non-proliferative red stage. Overall, the optimal conditions identified for vegetative stage maintenance and biomass maximization are: 22 °C, 250 mg L<sup>−1</sup> sodium bicarbonate, 150 mg L<sup>−1</sup> nitrogen and 40 mg L<sup>−1</sup> phosphorus. These conditions result in the production of 1.53 g L<sup>−1</sup> green dry biomass after 15 days of cultivation, outperforming by 0.3 g L<sup>−1</sup> suboptimal green phase conditions. Post-verification of the Taguchi-derived predictions is experimentally demonstrated paving the way for the formulation of dense and robust green-cell populations that will be concomitantly transferred to the red stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huanhuan Chang , Qidong Yin , Kai He , Jo De Vrieze , Guangxue Wu
{"title":"Feeding regime selectively enriching acetoclastic methanogens to enhance energy production in anaerobic digestion systems","authors":"Huanhuan Chang , Qidong Yin , Kai He , Jo De Vrieze , Guangxue Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying the r/K selection theory to explore the distribution patterns of acetoclastic methanogens under varying conditions is rare, although it can offer a basis for optimizing community structure and enhancing methane production in anaerobic digestion systems. Different operating modes (sequencing batch reactors, SBRs; and continuous-flow reactors, CFRs) and solids retention times (SRTs; 15 and 50 days) were adopted to acclimate different acetoclastic methanogens in acetate-fed anaerobic reactors. SBRs exhibited a significantly higher CH<sub>4</sub> production rate than CFRs (<em>P</em> = 0.037). <em>Methanosarcina</em> exhibited a higher relative abundance in SBRs (13.7 ∼ 16.1 %) than in CFRs (0.2 ∼ 0.3 %), aligning with its typical r-strategist characteristics. <em>Methanothrix</em> showed a higher enrichment in CFRs (33.1 ∼ 39.6 %) compared to SBRs (26.8 ∼ 29.9 %) at the same SRT, indicating K-strategist behavior. The SBRs had the potential to co-enrich both types of methanogens. Feeding regimes played a more pivotal role in the distribution of methanogens than SRT. The dominant bacteria, such as <em>Desulfococcus</em> and <em>Mesotoga</em>, as well as the archaeon <em>Methanothrix</em>, were auxotrophic in some essential amino acids, implying potential cross-feeding interactions. This study provides key insights into ecological strategies by linking microbiology with environmental technologies to enrich target methanogenic communities and enhance methane production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fermentation optimization and metabolomic analysis of ε-polylysine production in Streptomyces albulus","authors":"Yuanyuan Yu , Li Xia , Jianping Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) is a natural preservative with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and has been widely used as a green food additive. However, the low yield and high cost of wild-type strains have restricted its industrial development. In this study, the production of ε-PL by <em>Streptomyces albulus</em> CICC11022 under different medium components and fermentation conditions was compared. The yield of ε-PL was increased from 0.70 g/L to 2.89 g/L, a 3.1-fold increase. Metabolomics analysis indicated that nitrogen source, as a key factor in increasing yield, mainly exerted its effect by enhancing the synthesis of L-lysine, the precursor of ε-PL, via the alpha aminoadipic acid (AAA) pathway. Based on this result, exogenous addition of L-lysine increased the concentration of ε-PL to 4.13 g/L. This is the relatively high yield of ε-PL produced by shake-flask fermentation at present, and provides a reference for improving the industrial production of ε-PL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yihan Wang , Zhenjun Wu , Qingwen Qin , Lijie Chen , Ming Cai , Xin Chen , Yutong Liu , Ziang Su , Xinyi Fan , Lang Cheng
{"title":"Nitrogen removal performance and feeding strategy optimisation in a nitritation denitrification step-feed sequencing batch reactor system","authors":"Yihan Wang , Zhenjun Wu , Qingwen Qin , Lijie Chen , Ming Cai , Xin Chen , Yutong Liu , Ziang Su , Xinyi Fan , Lang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 90-day experiment was conducted to optimise the stability of Nitritation Denitrification and improve COD utilisation. The results showed that Nitritation Denitrification in a step-feed sequencing batch reactor using the influent-anoxic/aerobic (IA/O) mode can achieve efficient and stable nitrogen removal at C/N = 4. The removal efficiencies of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were 95 % and 85.5 % respectively. Batch experiments were conducted that an unlimited increase in the number of step feeds in a limited time would affect the nitrogen removal. Extending the duration of the aerobic phase inhibited <em>Flavobacterium</em> and favoured the relative abundance of the <em>nirS</em> and <em>nirK</em> genes. This study may provide a reference for optimising the Nitritation Denitrification process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Whole-cell catalytic synthesis of cadaverine by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum using corncob residue as carbohydrate feedstock","authors":"Ying-Ying Xu, Bin Zhang, Jie Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial production of cadaverine primarily relies on whole-cell catalysis of lysine using engineered <em>Escherichia coli</em> as host cells. The growing interest in cadaverine as a monomer of biobased polyamides requires inexpensive, non-food carbohydrate feedstock for its bioproduction, rather than using food-derived sugars as feedstock. This study used corncob residue as the starting carbohydrate feedstock followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the sugars. Since <em>E. coli</em> was not tolerant to even minor inhibitor residues in corncob residue hydrolysate, the robust <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> was used as the host bacterium followed by the metabolic modifications of secretory expression of lysine decarboxylase via <em>Ncgl1289</em> and <em>cgR_0949</em>, and cadaverine degradation pathway knockout. The final whole-cell catalysis of <em>C. glutamicum</em> recombinant using corncob hydrolysate as carbohydrate feedstock achieved a record-high 78.19 g/L of cadaverine with a conversion yield of 91 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Benavides-López , Laura M. Muñoz-Echeverri , Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán , Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
{"title":"The flow of proteins through the mammalian secretory pathway described by a phenomenological-based semi-physical model","authors":"Santiago Benavides-López , Laura M. Muñoz-Echeverri , Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán , Norma A. Valdez-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, we developed a model for the transport of proteins across the secretory pathway using the Phenomenological Based Semi-Physical Model (PBSM) methodology. The model represents the bulk flow of proteins along the organelles of the mammalian secretory pathway and works considering the role played by the Ras GTPase family cycles in the control of the vesicle coat assembly, the recycle of v-SNARE between the organelles of the pathway, and the dynamical equilibrium between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex volumes due to the constant flow of vesicle between organelles. We integrate literature kinetic data from human, hamster, and monkey cells for model validation. The model describes the bulk flow of luminal and membrane proteins, following the well-mixing assumption at the intra-organelle level and the mass action law principle, revealing information on the secretory pathway at a quantitative level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kira Kiviat , David E. Block , Harishankar Manikantan
{"title":"Simulation of bioreactor flow environments for large-scale animal cell culture conditions relevant to cultivated meat production","authors":"Kira Kiviat , David E. Block , Harishankar Manikantan","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultivated meat has the potential to mitigate many detrimental effects of conventional meat production on land use and greenhouse gas emissions. However, to meet an increasing demand for sustainable protein sources and to achieve cost parity with conventionally grown meat, animal cells will likely be required to be produced in bioreactors at an order of magnitude larger scale than has been done so far. To help de-risk this scale up, simulations of plausible bioreactor configurations were performed at a series of scales ranging from 200 L to 200,000 L using computational fluid dynamics. Several different bubble drag models were compared, and the one that predicted the lowest mass transfer and highest shear was used in order to be conservative about the predicted cell environment. The distributions of shear stress, oxygen mass transfer coefficient, and Kolmogorov length scale were compared across the bioreactor scales, showing only minor changes with increasing scale. The case of a Rushton and pitched impeller was compared to a case with two Rushton impellers, and the latter was found to have higher mass transfer and only slightly higher shear for a given power input. This study provides a step towards predicting animal cell culture performance at the scales needed for sustainable cultivated meat production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuxian Zhou , Yinghui Wang , Haifang Wang , Shouyi Dou , Mengyue Liu , Haowei Dong , Zhengtao Li , Donghan Li , Jingjing Liu , Xia Sun , Yemin Guo , Ibrahim A. Darwish , Yanfang Wu
{"title":"Rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus in animal-derived foods using aptamer-based fluorescent lateral flow biosensors","authors":"Shuxian Zhou , Yinghui Wang , Haifang Wang , Shouyi Dou , Mengyue Liu , Haowei Dong , Zhengtao Li , Donghan Li , Jingjing Liu , Xia Sun , Yemin Guo , Ibrahim A. Darwish , Yanfang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>), commonly found in animal-derived foods, poses a significant threat to food safety. Traditional detection methods often suffer from limited sensitivity and selectivity, are time-consuming, and involve complex procedures. In this study, fluorescent lateral flow biosensors (LFB) based on aptamer recognition were developed for the rapid and cost-effective detection of <em>S. aureus</em>. The method utilizes a Cy5-labeled aptamer (Cy5-Apt) as a signal recognition molecule. Detection is achieved through the competitive binding of <em>S. aureus</em> and a complementary strand to the aptamer, enabling the fluorescence intensity measurement on the LFB within 10 min. Key factors including the Cy5-Apt concentration, the length of the linker arm, the position and length of the complementary strand to the aptamer, BSA concentration, and buffer composition were optimized. The method showed good linear response for the quantitative detection of <em>S. aureus</em> in the concentration range of 2.8 × 10<sup>1</sup> to 2.8 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.65 CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>. Application tests in milk and chicken meat confirmed the selectivity and sensitivity of this enzyme- and antibody-free approach. This aptamer-based method offers a promising solution for low-cost, rapid, and efficient detection of <em>S. aureus</em> in food safety applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Zhang , Yongfu Ruan , Yi Hu , Yiying Huo , Meng Wang , Zhiwei Zhu , Yunming Fang
{"title":"A novel high-temperature Kluyveromyces marxianus as a microbial cell factory host for sesquiterpene production","authors":"Min Zhang , Yongfu Ruan , Yi Hu , Yiying Huo , Meng Wang , Zhiwei Zhu , Yunming Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artemisinin, a vital antimalarial agent, is traditionally extracted from <em>Artemisia annua</em> L. by plant-based extraction. The microbial biosynthesis of the artemisinin precursor, amorpha-4,11-diene (AD), followed by its chemical conversion into artemisinin provides a sustainable solution to meet the demand for artemisinin while overcoming the limitations of plant-based extraction. <em>Kluyveromyces marxianus</em> is a promising host for microbial cell factories owing to its robust thermotolerance, rapid growth kinetics, and ability to utilize a wide range of carbon sources. Herein, genetic modification tools for <em>K. marxianus</em>, including transformation methods and expression vectors, were identified and optimized, while the sesquiterpene biosynthetic capacity of <em>K. marxianus</em> was preliminarily evaluated. To enhance the precursor metabolite supply, eight key genes from the endogenous mevalonate pathway were overexpressed within the <em>K. marxianus</em> genome. A dual co-expression strategy, involving both extrachromosomal and chromosomally integrated expression of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (<em>ADS</em>) was employed, followed by high-temperature fermentation to optimize production. Finally, an engineered <em>K. marxianus</em> strain was developed for the first time, capable of stable, efficient, and cost-effective production of AD, with a titer of 66.78 mg/L, a 113-fold increase compared with the wild-type strain. This engineered strain serves as a robust chassis and a valuable reference for the production and study of other terpenoids, laying the groundwork for further exploration of <em>K. marxianus</em> characteristics and the biosynthesis of AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yijuan Wang , Ying Liao , Xiaojing Hou , Mingyang Shu , Liang Qian , Hao Li
{"title":"Solar evaporation enabled household ethanol distillation and disinfection system for remote area","authors":"Yijuan Wang , Ying Liao , Xiaojing Hou , Mingyang Shu , Liang Qian , Hao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2025.109757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethanol concentrations of 70 %–90 % are commonly used to prevent healthcare-associated infections due to their effectiveness against various pathogens. However, high costs and transportation challenges limit the availability of commercial ethanol disinfectants, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Local recycling of waste ethanol could address these issues, but large-scale implementation is hindered by the need for specialized equipment. Here, a small-scale, solar-powered ethanol recycling and disinfection device designed for household use was developed. Recycled melamine sponges, coated with polydopamine, serve as solar evaporators. The system achieves high evaporation rates (1.52–7.54 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>) for ethanol solutions ranging from 0 % to 100 %. Through multiple distillations, dilute ethanol can be concentrated to the required levels for medical disinfection. A closed-loop system recycles waste ethanol, and outdoor tests demonstrate its effectiveness in eliminating <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> using solar-generated ethanol vapor. This work offers a sustainable solution for small-scale ethanol distillation and disinfection in remote areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}