KOH-impregnated oil shale biochar: Revealing mechanisms of Cu, Zn, Ni stabilization in sludge and mitigating leaching risks

IF 3.7 3区生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biochemical Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI:10.1016/j.bej.2025.109874

Diannan Huang , Hao Guan , Jinfan Song , Yulan Tang , Mingfu Bao , Dasong Xing , Liguo Miao , Tingting Li , Enbiao Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In sludge land application, secondary pollution from heavy metals remains a critical challenge. This study innovatively prepared biochar by pyrolyzing KOH-impregnated oil shale. Characterized by SEM,BET and FTIR, the obtained oil shale biochar (OS-BC) featured a porous structure with a specific surface area of 64.3226 m²/g. The effects OS-BC dosage (5 %∼40 %) and reaction time (0–20 days) on the speciation transformation of Cu, Zn, and Ni in sludge were investigated. Results showed that optimal stabilization occurred at 30 % OS-BC dosage with 10-day reaction, achieving conversion rates of 37.29 %, 35.07 %, and 46.72 % for Cu, Zn, and Ni from labile to stable fractions. Visual MINTEQ simulation and XRD analysis revealed that OS-BC increased concentrations of oxygenated ions (OH⁻, CO₃^2-), promoting the formation of insoluble hydroxide/carbonate precipitates and stable minerals. Simulated rainfall tests showed that cumulative leaching concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Ni were reduced by 60.3 %, 80.7 %, and 79.3 % compared to the untreated group, confirming enhanced environmental safety. This study provides a novel approach to the synergistic resource utilization of oil shale and sludge.

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氢氧化钾浸渍油页岩生物炭：揭示污泥中Cu、Zn、Ni稳定机制和降低浸出风险

在污泥土地应用中，重金属的二次污染仍然是一个严峻的挑战。本研究创新性地利用氢氧化钾浸渍油页岩热解制备生物炭。经SEM、BET和FTIR表征，得到的油页岩生物炭（OS-BC）具有多孔结构，比表面积为64.3226 m2/g。研究了OS-BC投加量（5 % ~ 40 %）和反应时间（0 ~ 20 d）对污泥中Cu、Zn和Ni形态转化的影响。结果表明，当OS-BC用量为30 %时稳定化效果最佳，反应时间为10 d， Cu、Zn和Ni从不稳定组分转化为稳定组分的转化率分别为37.29 %、35.07 %和46.72 %。可视化MINTEQ模拟和XRD分析表明，OS-BC增加了氧合离子（OH⁻，CO32-）的浓度，促进了不溶性氢氧化物/碳酸盐沉淀和稳定矿物的形成。模拟降雨试验表明，与未处理组相比，Cu、Zn和Ni的累积浸出浓度分别降低了60.3 %、80.7 %和79.3% %，证实了环境安全性的提高。本研究为油页岩和污泥资源协同利用提供了一条新途径。

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来源期刊

Biochemical Engineering Journal 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

5.10%

发文量

380

审稿时长

34 days

期刊介绍： The Biochemical Engineering Journal aims to promote progress in the crucial chemical engineering aspects of the development of biological processes associated with everything from raw materials preparation to product recovery relevant to industries as diverse as medical/healthcare, industrial biotechnology, and environmental biotechnology. The Journal welcomes full length original research papers, short communications, and review papers* in the following research fields: Biocatalysis (enzyme or microbial) and biotransformations, including immobilized biocatalyst preparation and kinetics Biosensors and Biodevices including biofabrication and novel fuel cell development Bioseparations including scale-up and protein refolding/renaturation Environmental Bioengineering including bioconversion, bioremediation, and microbial fuel cells Bioreactor Systems including characterization, optimization and scale-up Bioresources and Biorefinery Engineering including biomass conversion, biofuels, bioenergy, and optimization Industrial Biotechnology including specialty chemicals, platform chemicals and neutraceuticals Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering including bioartificial organs, cell encapsulation, and controlled release Cell Culture Engineering (plant, animal or insect cells) including viral vectors, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, vaccines, and secondary metabolites Cell Therapies and Stem Cells including pluripotent, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells; immunotherapies; tissue-specific differentiation; and cryopreservation Metabolic Engineering, Systems and Synthetic Biology including OMICS, bioinformatics, in silico biology, and metabolic flux analysis Protein Engineering including enzyme engineering and directed evolution.