{"title":"Phonological neighborhood density, phonetic categorization, and vocabulary size differentially affect the phonolexical encoding of easy and difficult L2 segmental contrasts","authors":"Brian Rocca, Miquel Llompart, Isabelle Darcy","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000865","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the effect of phonological neighborhood density (PND) on the lexical encoding of perceptually confusable segmental contrasts and the extent to which the precision of encoding is modulated by phonetic categorization and vocabulary size. Korean learners of English and native speakers of American English completed an auditory lexical decision task that contained words and nonwords with /ɛ/, /æ/, /f/, and /p/ (/æ/ and /f/ do not exist in Korean), two phonetic categorization tasks (/ɛ/−/æ/ and /f/−/p/), and a vocabulary test. For the Korean group, participants’ categorization of /f/−/p/ was the only significant predictor of /f/−/p/ nonword rejection. For /ɛ/−/æ/, nonword versions of high PND words were rejected more accurately than low PND. Additionally, vocabulary size and phonetic categorization significantly interacted so that as perception abilities improve, the benefits that come from having a large vocabulary grow as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A paradigmatic shift in the relationship between bilingualism and creativity: Plurilingual creativity approach","authors":"Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000919","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article delves into the intricacies of the relationship between bilingualism and creativity. It provides an overview of past research and examines its methodology. It introduces a multilingual creative cognition theoretical framework that focuses on the cognitive mechanisms underlying creative potential and how these mechanisms might benefit from an individual’s multilingual abilities. The link between multilingualism and creative potential is explained by multilingual developmental factors such as proficiency, age, and sociocultural context of language acquisition, as well as cognitive functions such as language-mediated concept activation, selective attention, code-switching, and metaphor. However, the multilingual creative cognition approach takes a narrow perspective. By synthesizing empirical evidence and theoretical insights, the article proposes a plurilingual creativity framework – a multifaceted approach that transcends traditional bilingualism and creative cognition frameworks. It underscores the significance of a comprehensive language repertoire, multicultural experiences, and intercultural competence as pivotal elements enriching various aspects of creative endeavor. The article also introduces the Plurilingual Intercultural Creative Keys educational program, which aims to develop plurilingual, intercultural, and creative capabilities in educational settings. Through a holistic analysis, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the relationship between linguistic and cultural diversity and creativity. It also suggests practical implications for fostering linguistic and creative skills in a globalized context.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognate facilitation effect on verb-based semantic prediction in L2 is modulated by L2 proficiency","authors":"Aine Ito, Ana Bautista, Clara Martin","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We tested whether verb-based prediction in late bilinguals is facilitated when the verb is a cognate versus non-cognate. Spanish–English bilinguals and Chinese–English bilinguals (control) listened to English sentences such as “The girl will adopt the dog” while viewing a scene containing either a dog and unadoptable objects (predictable condition) or a dog and other adoptable animals (unpredictable condition). The verb was either a cognate or non-cognate between Spanish and English and never a cognate between Chinese and English. Both groups of bilinguals were more likely to look at the target (the dog) in the predictable versus unpredictable condition. However, only low-proficient L1 Spanish bilinguals showed greater and earlier prediction when the verb was cognate than when it was non-cognate, suggesting that cognate facilitation effect occurs not only on the cognate word itself but also on prediction based on this cognate word, and that this effect is modulated by L2 proficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of cues on language switching: do spoken questions reduce the need for bilingual language control?","authors":"Kalinka Timmer, Agata Wolna, Zofia Wodniecka","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000841","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The classical language switching paradigm using arbitrary cues to indicate the language to speak in has revealed switching between languages comes at a cost (i.e., switch cost) and makes one slower in the first than in the second language (i.e., reversed language dominance). However, arbitrary cues can create artificial requirements not present during everyday language interactions. Therefore, we investigated whether simulating elements of real-life conversations with question cues (‘Co?’ versus ‘What?’) facilitates language switching in comparison to the classical paradigm (Experiment 1: red versus blue outline; Experiments 2 and 3: low versus high tone). We revealed a dissociation between the two indices of language control: (1) question cues, compared to arbitrary cues, reduced switch costs but (2) did not modulate (in Experiment 1) or increase the reversed language dominance (Experiments 2 and 3). We propose that this conversational switching paradigm could be used as a conceptually more ‘true’ measure of language control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reading Chinese but with Korean in mind: ERP evidence for nonselective lexical access in sentence reading","authors":"Jinyi Xue, Yu-Fu Chien, Kunyu Xu","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000798","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous studies have investigated whether lexical access in sentence reading is language-selective using interlingual homographs, but have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, event-related potentials were measured when Korean-Chinese bilinguals read the Chinese version of false-cognates (e.g., “放学”, after school) in Chinese sentence contexts that biased the meaning towards the Korean version (e.g., “방학”, school vacation). With the match words as the baseline, Chinese monolinguals elicited similar N400 and P600/LPC effects when reading the false-cognates and mismatch words, whereas Korean-Chinese bilinguals produced a smaller N400 effect for false-cognates than for mismatch words, indicating activation of the Korean version. The P600/LPC effect was observed for false-cognates in bilinguals, reflecting increased integration difficulties or enhanced cognitive control. The study supported the nonselective view and proposed a theoretical extension of the BIA+ model, claiming that bilingual interactive activation might be mediated by shared morphemic representations between languages.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea F. Gálvez-McDonough, Henrike K. Blumenfeld, Anahy Barragán-Diaz, Jonathan J.D. Robinson Anthony, Stéphanie K. Riès
{"title":"Influence of language dominance on crosslinguistic and nonlinguistic interference resolution in bilinguals","authors":"Andrea F. Gálvez-McDonough, Henrike K. Blumenfeld, Anahy Barragán-Diaz, Jonathan J.D. Robinson Anthony, Stéphanie K. Riès","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000774","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined how relative language dominance impacts Spanish–English bilinguals’ crosslinguistic and nonlinguistic interference resolution abilities during a web-based Spanish picture-word interference naming task and a subsequent spatial Stroop paradigm, and the relationship between the two. Results show the expected interference and facilitation effects in the online setting across both tasks. Additionally, participants with greater English dominance had larger within-language, Spanish facilitation and marginally larger crosslinguistic (English to Spanish) interference effects reflected on accuracy performance. Similarly, participants with greater English dominance had larger nonlinguistic congruency facilitation effects. Our results are in line with other studies finding a relation between linguistic and nonlinguistic cognitive control. Correlated reaction time performance between the linguistic and nonlinguistic paradigms suggests that overcoming crosslinguistic interference may be partly based on cognitive control processes used outside of language. Modulations by language dominance underline the importance of accounting for relative language proficiency in bilinguals’ two languages when studying bilingualism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvia Purpuri, Nicola Vasta, Roberto Filippi, Barbara Treccani, Li Wei, Claudio Mulatti
{"title":"Beyond the foreign language effect: unravelling the impact of l2 proficiency on rationality","authors":"Silvia Purpuri, Nicola Vasta, Roberto Filippi, Barbara Treccani, Li Wei, Claudio Mulatti","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000750","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of reading statements in a second language (L2) versus the first language (L1) on core knowledge confusion (CKC), superstition, and conspiracy beliefs. Previous research on the Foreign Language Effect (FLE) suggests that using an L2 elicits less intense emotional reactions, promotes rational decision-making, reduces risk aversion, causality bias and superstition alters the perception of dishonesty and crime, and increases tolerance of ambiguity. Our results do not support the expected FLE and found instead an effect of L2 proficiency: Participants with lower proficiency exhibited more CKC, were more superstitious and believed more in conspiracy theories, regardless of whether they were tested in L1 or L2. The study emphasises the importance of considering L2 proficiency when investigating the effect of language on decision-making and judgements: It—or related factors—may influence how material is judged, contributing to the FLE, or even creating an artificial effect.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emilia Lew, Sophie Hallot, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Mickael Deroche
{"title":"Navigating the bilingual cocktail party: a critical role for listeners’ L1 in the linguistic aspect of informational masking","authors":"Emilia Lew, Sophie Hallot, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Mickael Deroche","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000944","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cocktail party environments require listeners to tune in to a target voice while ignoring surrounding speakers. This presents unique challenges for bilingual listeners who have familiarity with several languages. Our study recruited English-French bilinguals to listen to a male target speaking French or English, masked by two female voices speaking French, English or Tamil, or by speech-shaped noise, in a fully factorial design. Listeners struggled most with L1 maskers and least with foreign maskers. Critically, this finding held regardless of the target language (L1 or L2) challenging theories about the linguistic component of informational masking, which contrary to our results predicts stronger interference with greater target-to-masker similarity such as L2 vs L2 compared to L2 vs L1. Our findings suggest that the listener’s familiarity with the masker language is an important source of informational masking in multilingual environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa van der Elst-Koeiman, Eliane Segers, Ronald Severing, Ludo Verhoeven
{"title":"Predicting Papiamento and Dutch reading comprehension development in a post-colonial context","authors":"Melissa van der Elst-Koeiman, Eliane Segers, Ronald Severing, Ludo Verhoeven","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current research aims to predict L1 Papiamento and L2 Dutch reading comprehension development in 180 children in the upper primary grades (4–6) in a post-colonial Caribbean context from initial language of decoding instruction, cognitive and linguistic child characteristics, and linguistic transfer. Overall, children showed better reading comprehension proficiency in L1 as compared to L2 Dutch. Over the grades, strong autoregression effects in reading comprehension development in both languages were evidenced. Language of decoding instruction was found to predict L2 reading comprehension, but not L1 reading comprehension. The development of L2 reading comprehension showed better outcomes in the case of initial decoding instruction in L2. Word decoding, reading vocabulary, and grammar in respectively L1 and L2 were related to L1 and L2 reading comprehension in Grade 4, while L2 reading comprehension was additionally related to L2 basic oral vocabulary. Moreover, only reading vocabulary was related to L1 and L2 reading comprehension development across the grades. Finally, evidence of cross-linguistic interdependencies in the development of reading comprehension in L1 and L2 was found.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The recruitment of global language inhibitory control and cognitive-general control mechanisms in comprehending language switches: Evidence from eye movements","authors":"Ana I. Schwartz, Joseph Negron, Colin Scholl","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prominent models of the bilingual lexicon do not allow for language – wide inhibition or any effect of general cognitive control on the activation of words within the lexicon. We report evidence that global language inhibitory control and cognitive general control mechanisms affect lexical retrieval during comprehension. Spanish–English bilinguals read language-pure or sentences with mid-sentence switches while their eye movements were recorded. A switch cost was observed in aspects of the eye-tracking record reflecting early spread of lexical activation, as well as later measures. The switch cost was larger for L2-to-L1 switches and was not attenuated when switched words were cognates (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, switch costs were reduced when the sentences contained a language color cue. These findings are inconsistent with the predictions of the Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus (BIA+) but support the architecture of its predecessor, the BIA. They refute the assumption that early lexical activation is impervious to nonlinguistic cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}