Bilingualism: Language and Cognition最新文献

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Theory-of-Mind development in educational bilingualism: Identifying the strongest predictors of performance and tracking them over time 教育双语的心理理论发展:识别表现的最强预测因子并随时间追踪它们
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101229
Gloria Chamorro, Vikki Janke, Inés de la Viña
{"title":"Theory-of-Mind development in educational bilingualism: Identifying the strongest predictors of performance and tracking them over time","authors":"Gloria Chamorro, Vikki Janke, Inés de la Viña","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101229","url":null,"abstract":"This longitudinal study monitored Theory-of-Mind development in monolingually raised but bilingually educated Spanish children (age 5–6) with varied L2-English curricula (13%–83%) to assess whether higher L2-exposure resulted in advantages on seven ToM concepts (emotion, desires, belief, reference, moral-reasoning, lies, sarcasm). Attention (selective, switching, inhibition) and a full suite of individual-difference effects were also monitored. GLMMs linked greater L2-exposure to higher ToM accuracy, and although all three attention measures contributed to ToM scores, the effect of selective attention was the strongest. L1-vocabulary and NVR routinely predicted ToM scores, and girls surpassed boys on sarcasm. We conclude that bilingualism spurs ToM development quickly and is not linked to L2-vocabulary at this stage. In addition, the fact that L2-exposure and individual differences impacted cognitive, affective, and conative ToM differentially supports an approach that analyses these components separately.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The neural correlates of mid- and end-clause silent pauses in L1 and L2 speech 一、二语中子句和尾句沉默停顿的神经关联
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101011
Andrea Révész, Hyeonjeong Jeong, Shungo Suzuki, Haining Cui, Shunsui Matsuura, Kazuya Saito, Motoaki Sugiura
{"title":"The neural correlates of mid- and end-clause silent pauses in L1 and L2 speech","authors":"Andrea Révész, Hyeonjeong Jeong, Shungo Suzuki, Haining Cui, Shunsui Matsuura, Kazuya Saito, Motoaki Sugiura","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101011","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how the location of silent pausing (mid- vs. end-clause) may relate to neural processes during spontaneous L1 and L2 speech production. Twenty intermediate-level Japanese speakers of L2 English carried out eight monologic, oral decision-making tasks, four in English and four in Japanese. While completing the tasks, their brain activity was recorded through fMRI scanning. Participants’ speech was transcribed, and the resulting transcripts were annotated for mid- and end-clause silent pauses. Then, for the pauses identified, we conducted whole-brain analyses to identify relevant activation patterns, followed by region-of-interest analyses in language-related areas. We found that mid-clause pauses were linked to increased activation in language-related brain regions, with stronger effects for L2 speech. We also observed heightened activity in conceptualisation-related brain areas at end-clause positions in both L1 and L2 speech. In L2 English, participants also displayed greater activation in a concept-retrieval-related brain region in end-clause than in mid-clause position.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147536219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive language control between comprehension and production in bilinguals 双语者理解与产生之间的自适应语言控制
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101151
Chuchu Li, Qi Cheng
{"title":"Adaptive language control between comprehension and production in bilinguals","authors":"Chuchu Li, Qi Cheng","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101151","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates bilingual language control across comprehension and production. In three experiments, Chinese–English bilinguals alternated between tasks on every trial. In the comprehension task, participants judged the meaning of a written word (Experiment 1) or a spoken word (Experiments 2 and 3) in either language. In the production task, they named pictures in only one language (Experiments 1 and 2) or in either language (Experiment 3), with half of the trials involving language switching. Thus, salient visual language cues were available only in Experiment 1, and within-production language switching occurred only in Experiment 3. Language switch costs from comprehension to production emerged only in Experiment 2, where spoken word comprehension was paired with single-language production. These findings suggest that reduced saliency of language cues encourages a shared language control mechanism across comprehension and production when within-production control demands are low, supporting the adaptive nature of bilingual language control.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Word recognition in pre-foreign language learners: The role of form overlap 前外语学习者的词汇识别:形式重叠的作用
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101187
Katie Von Holzen, Marie Schnieders, Sophia Wulfert, Holger Hopp
{"title":"Word recognition in pre-foreign language learners: The role of form overlap","authors":"Katie Von Holzen, Marie Schnieders, Sophia Wulfert, Holger Hopp","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101187","url":null,"abstract":"This study tests how form overlap with the L1 influences young learners’ ability to recognize L2 words from continuous speech before they receive classroom instruction in English as a foreign language (EFL). German 6- to 9-year-olds were tested on their ability to recognize words in English utterances that overlapped in form with their German translation equivalents (e.g., cognate words, milk-Milch /mɪlk/ – /mɪlx/) or did not (e.g., non-cognate words, smoke – Rauch, /smoʊk/ – /raʊ̯x/). German form similarity neither influenced performance at the group level nor when differences in individual German skills were considered. This pattern of results remained even when, in Experiment 2, the German word form was pre-activated visually. Unlike adults’, pre-EFL learners’ recognition of words in continuous speech is not affected by form similarity to German, which we link to differences in metalinguistic awareness and the role of form-meaning mappings, especially in early FL learning.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unlocking mathematical potential through school-based language learning: Insights from PISA 2018 通过基于学校的语言学习释放数学潜力:来自2018年PISA的见解
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101138
Alejandra Nucette, Britta Biedermann, Suze Leitão, Takeshi Hamamura
{"title":"Unlocking mathematical potential through school-based language learning: Insights from PISA 2018","authors":"Alejandra Nucette, Britta Biedermann, Suze Leitão, Takeshi Hamamura","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101138","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the association between school-based foreign language (FL) instruction and mathematical achievement among 15-year-old students, using data from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Two complementary analyses were conducted: a large-scale model ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 300,656) examining the relationship between time spent in FL learning and maths performance across 73 countries and a machine learning (ML) approach (random forest (RF); <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 53,459) identifying specific programme features that most strongly influence this relationship. Results show that longer exposure to FL instruction was associated with a modest but statistically robust increase in maths scores ( <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> = 0.08, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .001), even after controlling for socioeconomic and contextual factors. Among programme characteristics, the integration of multicultural curricula emerged as a prominent predictor of higher maths performance. These findings indicate that sustained, culturally enriched FL learning is positively associated with numeracy outcomes, with implications for equity in academic achievement and cross-disciplinary performance.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EEG temporal dynamics during morphological decomposition of derived words in L2 二语衍生词形态分解过程中的脑电时间动态
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101199
Jonah Lack, Hyun Kyung Lee, Junghwan Maeng, Yoonsang Song
{"title":"EEG temporal dynamics during morphological decomposition of derived words in L2","authors":"Jonah Lack, Hyun Kyung Lee, Junghwan Maeng, Yoonsang Song","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101199","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether L2 processing of derived words engages biphasic morphological decomposition, comprising morpho-orthographic segmentation followed by morpho-semantic integration, as L1 processing does. Using an overt priming paradigm (SOA = 300 ms), ERP responses were compared across morphological (e.g., <jats:italic>farmer</jats:italic> – <jats:italic>farm</jats:italic> ), orthographic (e.g., <jats:italic>cashew</jats:italic> – <jats:italic>cash</jats:italic> ) and semantic (e.g., <jats:italic>doctor</jats:italic> – <jats:italic>nurse</jats:italic> ) priming conditions in native and L2 speakers. Results revealed that both language groups exhibited distinct priming effects for morphologically related prime–target pairs across the early and late N400 windows, reflecting morpho-orthographic segmentation and morpho-semantic integration, respectively, rather than additive effects of form and meaning overlap. However, the late negativity effect, reflecting intensified lateral inhibition among similar orthographic representations, was observed during orthographic priming only in native speakers, suggesting less efficient inhibitory control in L2 processing. These findings are discussed within the framework of the Shallow Structure Hypothesis, which has provided a theoretical basis for many previous L2 studies of derived-word processing.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-language activation of figurative meanings of translated L1 idioms in L2 reading: An eye-tracking study 翻译的母语成语在二语阅读中比喻意义的跨语言激活:一项眼动追踪研究
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101096
Irina Elgort, Lingli Du, Anna Siyanova-Chanturia, Mengzhu Yan
{"title":"Cross-language activation of figurative meanings of translated L1 idioms in L2 reading: An eye-tracking study","authors":"Irina Elgort, Lingli Du, Anna Siyanova-Chanturia, Mengzhu Yan","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101096","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-language figurative meaning activation in idiom processing has been observed in primed lexical and semantic decision tasks, but not in text reading. To study first-language figurative idiom meaning activation in second-language reading, we created and tested a novel contextual idiom-priming paradigm and conducted an eye-tracking experiment with Chinese–English immersion and non-immersion bilinguals, and English-speaking controls. Three counterbalanced conditions were created: in English texts, the meaning probe was preceded by a close or paraphrased translation of a related Chinese-only idiom, or an unrelated phrase. The processing of the probe was influenced by figurative meanings of Chinese-only idioms for both groups of bilinguals, but not for monolingual controls, evidencing non-selective language processing beyond single words. There was no difference in the patterns of activation between close and paraphrased translations, suggesting that exact lexical overlap may not be necessary for cross-language activation of idioms. Different processing patterns were observed for immersion and non-immersion bilinguals.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147351290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interlocutors modulate language plan and production in high and low literate bilinguals: Evidence from eye movements 对话者调节高、低文化双语者的语言计划和产生:来自眼动的证据
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101102
Keerthana Kapiley, Ramesh Kumar Mishra
{"title":"Interlocutors modulate language plan and production in high and low literate bilinguals: Evidence from eye movements","authors":"Keerthana Kapiley, Ramesh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101102","url":null,"abstract":"In a socio-interactive context, bilinguals effortlessly plan their language appropriately. This study explores how high-literate and low-literate bilinguals plan their language when interacting with interlocutors with varied second language (L2) proficiency presented in an interactive context. Participants named objects in the presence of interlocutors with varying proficiency, which were presented in the background as visual-world stimuli. Results indicate that bilingual participants’ language choices and proportion of fixations were modulated by their level of literacy and the interlocutors’ language profiles. High-literate bilinguals chose to name in L2, and while doing so, they looked at high-L2-proficient interlocutors. Meanwhile, low-literate bilinguals looked at low-L2-proficient interlocutors and named in first language (L1) more often times than in L2. This indicates that bilinguals’ literacy level is not determined solely by their language choice but also by their sociolinguistic processing when interacting with interlocutors with varied L2 proficiencies.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147292598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CLI, proficiency and L1-like choices: L3 Norwegian learners in later stages of acquisition 命令行、熟练程度和类似l1的选择:L3挪威语学习者在后期习得阶段
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1017/s136672892610100x
Chloe Michelle Castle, Marta Velnić, Helene Ruud Jensberg
{"title":"CLI, proficiency and L1-like choices: L3 Norwegian learners in later stages of acquisition","authors":"Chloe Michelle Castle, Marta Velnić, Helene Ruud Jensberg","doi":"10.1017/s136672892610100x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s136672892610100x","url":null,"abstract":"The roles of structural and lexical similarity in cross-linguistic influence in the L3 at higher proficiency levels are under researched. This study investigates the L3 Norwegian of such speakers. In alignment with the Linguistic Proximity Model (Westergaard et al., 2017), we assume that L3 structures are initially weak representations, becoming increasingly target-like with further input and use. We investigate what target this represents – the prescriptive rules of the language or movement towards L1-like use from community interaction and input. The properties investigated are the indefinite article and third person and reflexive possessives, by L1 Polish–L2 English and L1 English speakers. These categories provide fertile ground for investigation due to the (dis)similarities with the target language. The methodology consisted of an Acceptability Judgement Task. Results indicated possible structural-similarity based CLI and adherence to grammatical rules in intermediate-to-advanced proficiency L3ers – though this does not necessarily equal L1-like choices.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147287112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Types of language use and interference control in aging bilinguals: Insights from the Word–Color Stroop Task 老年双语者语言使用类型与干扰控制:来自单词-颜色Stroop任务的启示
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2026-02-25 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728926101072
Miren Arantzeta, Itziar San Martin, Itziar Laka
{"title":"Types of language use and interference control in aging bilinguals: Insights from the Word–Color Stroop Task","authors":"Miren Arantzeta, Itziar San Martin, Itziar Laka","doi":"10.1017/s1366728926101072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728926101072","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship between bilingualism, language use, aging, and interference control using the Color–Word Stroop test task. We examined 158 highly proficient Basque–Spanish bilinguals and 84 Spanish monolinguals (aged 30–80 years) to test whether interference control declines with age and whether bilingual adaptations depend on language use frequency. Language experience was assessed using an adapted Language and Social Background Questionnaire and Color–Word Stroop test interference scores were analyzed by regression models. Results showed that interference control declines with age. Group-level differences between bilinguals and monolinguals were not significant once education was included as a covariate, although a small marginal advantage for bilinguals emerged when using education-adjusted T-scores. Within the bilingual group, higher use of the minority language (Basque) in social contexts was associated with significantly better interference control. Social language use showed a stronger relationship with interference control than home use. These findings highlight that bilingual advantages are not uniform but depend on language use frequency and context, contributing to understanding how bilingual experience shapes cognitive control across the lifespan.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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