{"title":"Hydrogen production from formic acid catalyzed by NHC-Cu complexes.","authors":"Orlando Santoro, Catherine S J Cazin","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.48","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first NHC-Cu-catalyzed decomposition of formic acid (FA) is reported. In the presence of PhSiH<sub>3</sub>, only hydrogen is generated while CO<sub>2</sub> is captured by a silane species. The decomposition of an equimolar mixture of FA and an amine provided an equimolar mixture of H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>. The efficiency of the catalysis showed to be strongly dependent on the nature of the amine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"620-627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophie Day-Riley, Sona Krajcovicova, Aryaman Raj Sokhal, Jan L Venne, Paul Brear, Marko Hyvönen, Benjamin C Whitehurst, Jason S Carroll, David R Spring
{"title":"Towards the targeted protein degradation of CK2: design and synthesis of CAM4066-based PROTACs.","authors":"Sophie Day-Riley, Sona Krajcovicova, Aryaman Raj Sokhal, Jan L Venne, Paul Brear, Marko Hyvönen, Benjamin C Whitehurst, Jason S Carroll, David R Spring","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.47","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human protein kinase CK2 is a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase implicated in numerous cancers. Although ATP-competitive inhibitors such as CX-4945 show therapeutic potential, they are limited by off-target effects and incomplete or transient CK2 suppression. PROTACs offer an alternative strategy by inducing proteasome-mediated degradation, with potential advantages in potency, selectivity, and duration of action. Herein, a series of CK2-targeting PROTACs has been designed and synthesised. By conjugating a CAM4066-derived warhead to CRBN or VHL ligands, four VHL-recruiting PROTACs, were prepared using PEG and alkyl linkers, alongside two CRBN-recruiting analogues featuring constrained linkers. A ligand-linker analogue in which a linker is projected from the solvent-exposed region of CK2α retained binding affinity comparable to CAM4066, confirming that linker installation is tolerated and preserves key interactions in the αD and ATP sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"611-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artem S Sazonov, Dmitry A Vasilenko, Denis V Porfiriev, Yuri K Grishin, Rimma A Gazzaeva, Alisa P Chernyshova, Maxim A Kryakvin, Anna A Baranova, Vera A Alferova, Elena B Averina
{"title":"Regioselective approach to 5-arylsulfonylisoxazoles and their antimicrobial activity.","authors":"Artem S Sazonov, Dmitry A Vasilenko, Denis V Porfiriev, Yuri K Grishin, Rimma A Gazzaeva, Alisa P Chernyshova, Maxim A Kryakvin, Anna A Baranova, Vera A Alferova, Elena B Averina","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.45","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a novel regioselective synthesis of 3-electron-withdrawing-group-(EWG)-substituted 5-sulfonyl- and 5-sulfinylisoxazoles from 3-EWG-5-nitroisoxazoles via nucleophilic aromatic substitution with thiophenols followed by oxidation with <i>m</i>-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA). The scope of the reactions was explored, demonstrating high yields across a variety of functional groups and substituents. Optimized conditions enabled selective oxidation of thioaryl groups to sulfonyl or sulfinyl derivatives. Biological evaluation revealed that several compounds, especially 3-nitro-5-sulfonyl- and 5-sulfinylisoxazoles, exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and notably low MICs comparable to those of standard drugs. The mechanism of action studies indicate that these compounds induce the bacterial SOS response without inhibiting DNA synthesis-related enzymes such as DNA polymerase I, DNA gyrase, or topoisomerases I and IV, suggesting activation via bacterial reductases. These findings highlight the potential of these isoxazole derivatives as promising antimicrobial agents and provide new insights into their mechanism of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"592-602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational prediction of C-H hydricities and their use in predicting the regioselectivity of electron-rich C-H functionalisation reactions.","authors":"Rasmus M Borup, Nicolai Ree, Jan H Jensen","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.46","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present HAlator, a fully automated quantum chemistry (QM) workflow for computing C-H hydricities and explore its potential in predicting the regioselectivity of electron-rich C-H functionalisation reactions. The workflow was benchmarked against 35 experimentally determined C-H hydricities in DMSO, yielding a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.43 kcal/mol and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 5.45 kcal/mol. Leveraging this approach, we generated a dataset of 3278 C-H sites across 740 molecules to train a machine learning (ML) model based on CM5 atomic charge descriptors, achieving an MAE of 2.30 kcal/mol and an RMSE of 3.74 kcal/mol relative to QM-computed hydricities. The method was further applied to 250 hydride transfer-like reactions, including C-N, C-C, and C-X bond formations, carbene insertions, and oxidative transformations. Comparative analysis with ALFABET, a bond dissociation energy (BDE)-based ML model, reveals that hydricity predictions, when combined with steric accessibility, correctly identify the reactive site in eight out of ten representative reactions, surpassing BDEs in most cases. These findings highlight hydricity as a complementary and, in some cases, superior descriptor for guiding regioselectivity predictions in electron-rich C-H functionalisation. The model is made available at regioselect.org, together with a host of other reactivity predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"603-610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and synthesis of an erdafitinib-based selective FGFR2 degrader.","authors":"Yumeng Jin, Shidong Wang, Sihan Pan, Shuqi Huang, Weichen Zhou, Xiaohao Huang, Lei Zheng, Lingfeng Chen","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.44","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop a novel degrader capable of selectively degrading fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) to overcome the issues of drug resistance and adverse reactions associated with traditional inhibitors in the treatment of FGFR2-driven tumors. Erdafitinib was employed as the targeting ligand, and its aliphatic amine site was conjugated with a CRBN E3 ligase ligand to design and synthesize a series of PROTAC molecules with different linkers. Screening was performed in KATO III cells with high FGFR2 expression, leading to the identification of LC-JD-6 as a potent degrader. Experimental results demonstrated that LC-JD-6 effectively induced FGFR2 protein degradation with a half-maximal degrading concentration (DC<sub>50</sub>) of 121.4 nM, and this effect exhibited time- and concentration-dependence. Assessed at the cellular level, LC-JD-6 has a half-maximal inhibitory concentration in the KATO III (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 96.0 nM and showed low inhibitory activity in normal cells. Selectivity analysis revealed that LC-JD-6 specifically degraded FGFR2 with minimal impact on other FGFR subtypes. Further studies confirmed that LC-JD-6 also efficiently reduced the expression of FGFR2 on the cell membrane surface. In conclusion, this study successfully developed LC-JD-6, a novel FGFR2-selective degrader, and for the first time confirmed its ability to degrade the membrane-bound form of FGFR2. This work provides an innovative targeted protein degradation strategy for the treatment of FGFR2-driven tumors and holds significant potential for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"583-591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuous-flow carbonyl hydrogenation under subatmospheric to atmospheric hydrogen pressure enabled by robust heterogeneous Pt-Fe catalysts.","authors":"Hiroyuki Miyamura, Ryosuke Kajiyama, Shun-Ya Onozawa, Yoshihiro Kon, Shū Kobayashi","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.43","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reduction of carbonyl compounds, including ketones and aldehydes, to alcohols is a fundamental and important reaction in organic synthesis. One of the most ideal methods is catalytic hydrogenation, however, the hydrogenation of ketones generally requires harsh reaction conditions, such as high temperature and high pressure. We developed a bimetallic Pt-Fe nanoparticle catalyst immobilized on a composite support of dimethylpolysilane and alumina. Both ketones and aldehydes, including highly bulky and sterically hindered substrates, were smoothly hydrogenated using the newly developed catalysts under continuous-flow conditions at room temperature and under subatmospheric to atmospheric hydrogen pressure. High durability of the heterogeneous catalysts was confirmed by a long-term continuous-flow operation. Interestingly, both the combination of metal species and the metal ratio strongly influenced the catalytic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"575-582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13071934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kinetic resolution of racemic planar-chiral vinylcymantrenes by molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric metathesis dimerization.","authors":"Haruna Imazu, Hitoshi Izu, Yasuhiro Ohki, Masamichi Ogasawara","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.42","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highly diastereo- and enantioselective kinetic resolution (KR) of a series of racemic planar-chiral 1-R-2-vinylcymantrenes (<i>rac</i>-<b>1</b>; R = Br, Me, I) was realized by an asymmetric metathesis dimerization (AMD) reaction catalyzed by a chiral molybdenum-alkylidene precatalyst. The Mo/(<i>R</i>)-<b>L1</b> precatalyst promoted the AMD/KR reaction of <i>rac</i>-<b>1a</b> (R = Br) to give (<i>E</i>)-(<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-<b>2a</b> of 99% ee together with unreacted recovered (<i>S</i>)-<b>1a</b> of 45% ee at 37% conversion. The diastereoselectivity of this reaction was excellent with <i>chiral</i>-<b>2a</b>/<i>meso</i>-<b>2a</b> = 96:4 molar ratio, and the selectivity factor (<i>k</i> <sub>rel</sub>) was calculated to be 754 based on a second-order equation. In all the three substrates examined, the dimerized products, <i>chiral</i>-<b>2</b>, were obtained in >98% ee thanks to the outstanding enantioselectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"568-574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13058277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catherine Gsell, Philipp Rebmann, Karina Opara, Christine Beuck, Peter Bayer, David Bier, Ingrid R Vetter, Thomas Schrader
{"title":"Molecular tweezer-peptide conjugates disrupt the protein-protein interaction between survivin and histone H3 essential in mitosis.","authors":"Catherine Gsell, Philipp Rebmann, Karina Opara, Christine Beuck, Peter Bayer, David Bier, Ingrid R Vetter, Thomas Schrader","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.41","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peptide-modified supramolecular tweezers, a promising new class of chemical tools, were designed and employed to inhibit the interaction of the BIR domain of human survivin, a member of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), with the phosphorylated histone H3 N-terminal peptide. Fluorescence polarization measurements revealed a nanomolar affinity of the BIR domain for the peptide-tweezer, depending on the presence of lysine residue 121, as proven by the K121A mutant of survivin. Two crystal structures of C-terminally truncated human survivin with the peptide-tweezer molecules demonstrated that the peptide moiety binds the BIR domain as expected from the well-known published crystal structures of survivin with various peptides, but the tweezer itself, surprisingly, was bound to a putative Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion and the side chain of Pro26, corresponding to a previously unknown binding mode. Guided by the accessibility of survivin's lysine residues in the CPC, a number of new promising peptide tweezers was synthesized, able to connect both binding sites on the protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"557-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and DFT studies on the regioselective methanolysis of 5-azido-9-oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonan-4-yl 4-nitrobenzoate isomers.","authors":"İlknur Polat, Selçuk Eşsiz, Emine Salamci","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.40","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The regioselective methanolysis of new azido-4-nitrobenzoate epoxycyclooctane isomers and the characterization of the resulting products are described herein. Firstly, treatment of key compound 8-azidocyclooct-4-en-1-ol with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride followed by an epoxidation reaction and then methanolysis of the epoxide ring and acetylation resulted in the formation of two corresponding chloro-acetate isomers. The structure of one of the chloro-acetate isomers was determined via crystallographic analysis and the other by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. DFT computations confirm the regioselectivity of the methanolysis process, highlighting its precision and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"547-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Horst Weber, Kim-Thao Tran-Cong, Bernhard Mayer, Guido J Reiss, Iryna S Konovalova, Marc S Appelhans, Kenneth R Wood, Claus M Passreiter
{"title":"Melifoliox B, a novel phloroglucin derivative isolated from <i>Melicope barbigera</i> (Rutaceae) and synthesis of new oxidation products from melifoliones A and B.","authors":"Horst Weber, Kim-Thao Tran-Cong, Bernhard Mayer, Guido J Reiss, Iryna S Konovalova, Marc S Appelhans, Kenneth R Wood, Claus M Passreiter","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.39","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to new acetophenones and 2<i>H</i>-chromenes, the dichlormethane extract from leaves of <i>Melicope barbigera</i> A. Gray (Rutaceae) afforded a mixture of the isomeric melifoliones A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>) as well as an oxidation product of <b>2</b>, whose structure was elucidated as the <i>para</i>-quinol <b>4</b>. For an independent synthesis of <b>4</b> and its possible isomer <b>3</b>, the required compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were synthesized as a mixture of the isomers starting from chromene <b>5</b>, briefly heated in a closed microwave apparatus with catalytic amounts of acetic acid. Forced heating of <b>5</b> in acetic acid or use of stronger acids lead to the benzoxocin derivatives <b>6</b> and <b>7</b>. Oxidation of melifoliones <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> under a great variety of oxidants and conditions failed to give <b>3</b> and <b>4</b>. Iodine-containing oxidants yielded the products <b>8</b>, <b>9</b>, and <b>10</b>. Combined oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and ferricyanide in alkaline solution resulted in an unexpected contraction of the acetyl phenol to a furanone ring, forming the derivatives <b>11</b> and <b>12</b>, whose structures were confirmed by X-ray analysis. A hypothetical mechanism for the oxidative ring contraction is proposed. <b>11</b> and <b>12</b> are the first representatives of new heterocyclic ring systems that have not previously been described in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"535-546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}