{"title":"Advances in the use of metal-free tetrapyrrolic macrocycles as catalysts.","authors":"Mandeep K Chahal","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides an overview of recent progress made in the field of catalysis using metal-free tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, focusing on calix[4]pyrroles, porphyrins and corroles, which are structurally related to porphyrins. Calix[4]pyrroles are versatile receptors in supramolecular chemistry while porphyrins are considered as 'pigment of life' due to their role in vital biological processes. Beyond their natural functions, synthetic porphyrins have been applied in various fields, including organometallic catalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, sensing, artificial olfactory systems, photodynamic therapy (PDT), anticancer drugs, biochemical probes, and electrochemical devices. Relevant examples of these two pyrrolic macrocycles as metal-free organocatalysts, photocatalysts, and electrocatalysts are presented here. The effect of macrocyclic structural modifications such as their functionalization with different substituents, distortion from planarity, conformational flexibility and rigidity towards catalytic activity are presented, highlighting the potential of these two macrocycles as metal-free catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"3085-3112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cesia M Aguilar-Morales, América A Frías-López, Nadia V Emilio-Velázquez, Alejandro Islas-Jácome, Angelica Judith Granados-López, Jorge Gustavo Araujo-Huitrado, Yamilé López-Hernández, Hiram Hernández-López, Luis Chacón-García, Jesús Adrián López, Carlos Jesús Cortés-García
{"title":"Synthesis of the 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole-methanesulfonylindole hybrid system via high-order multicomponent reaction.","authors":"Cesia M Aguilar-Morales, América A Frías-López, Nadia V Emilio-Velázquez, Alejandro Islas-Jácome, Angelica Judith Granados-López, Jorge Gustavo Araujo-Huitrado, Yamilé López-Hernández, Hiram Hernández-López, Luis Chacón-García, Jesús Adrián López, Carlos Jesús Cortés-García","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole-indole hybrids were synthesized via a high-order multicomponent reaction consisting of an Ugi-azide/Pd/Cu-catalyzed hetero-annulation cascade sequence. This operationally simple one-pot protocol allowed high bond-forming efficiency and creating six new bonds (two C-C, three C-N, and one N-N). Additionally, the products were evaluated against breast cancer MCF-7 cells, finding moderate activity in the compounds substituted with fluorine and chlorine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"3077-3084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enantioselective regiospecific addition of propargyltrichlorosilane to aldehydes catalyzed by biisoquinoline <i>N</i>,<i>N'</i>-dioxide.","authors":"Noble Brako, Sreerag Moorkkannur Narayanan, Amber Burns, Layla Auter, Valentino Cesiliano, Rajeev Prabhakar, Norito Takenaka","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distilled propargyltrichlorosilane with >99% isomeric purity was prepared for the first time, and its asymmetric catalytic regiospecific addition reaction to aldehydes was developed through a systematic catalyst structure-reactivity and selectivity relationship study. The observed catalyst structure-enantioselectivity relationship of the present allenylation reaction was found exactly opposite to that of the analogous allylation reaction. The method provided eleven α-allenic alcohols in 22-99% yield with 61:39-92:8 enantiomeric ratios. Furthermore, possible mechanisms of propargyl-allenyl isomerization of propargyltrichlorosilane were computationally investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"3069-3076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robin Schulte, Dustin Schade, Thomas Paululat, Till J B Zähringer, Christoph Kerzig, Heiko Ihmels
{"title":"Extension of the π-system of monoaryl-substituted norbornadienes with acetylene bridges: influence on the photochemical conversion and storage of light energy.","authors":"Robin Schulte, Dustin Schade, Thomas Paululat, Till J B Zähringer, Christoph Kerzig, Heiko Ihmels","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.254","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.20.254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The photochromic norbornadiene/quadricyclane pair is a promising system for molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage, with which solar energy may be converted, stored, and released as heat in one integral molecular system. Herein, we present the synthesis of mono-, bis-, and tris-norbornadiene derivatives with alkynylbenzene and alkynylnaphthalene core units, along with studies of their photochemical properties. The target compounds were synthesized by Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reactions of 2-bromonorbornadiene and the corresponding arylacetylenes. The norbornadienes showed absorption maxima in the range of 310-345 nm and long-wavelength zero onsets of up to 420 nm. The photoisomerization quantum yields were as high as 59% per photoisomerization event and the resulting quadricyclanes showed half-lives of up to 8 h at room temperature. Furthermore, the norbornadienes were transformed quantitatively into their quadricyclane photoproducts by irradiation with green light (520 nm) in the presence of a photosensitizer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"3061-3068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical structure metagenomics of microbial natural products: surveying nonribosomal peptides and beyond.","authors":"Thomas Ma, John Chu","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.253","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.20.253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioactivity-guided fractionation (BGF) has historically been a fruitful natural product discovery workflow. However, it is plagued by increasing rediscovery rates in recent years and new methods capable of exploring the natural product chemical space more broadly and more efficiently is in urgent need. Chemical structure metagenomics as one such method is the theme of this Perspective. It emphasizes a chemical-structure-centered viewpoint toward natural product research. Key to chemical structure metagenomics is the ability to predict the structure of a natural product based on its biosynthetic gene sequences, which facilitated the discovery of numerous new bioactive molecules and helped uncover oversampled/underexplored niches of decades of BGF based discovery. While microbial nonribosomal peptides have been the focus of chemical structure metagenomics efforts thus far, it is in principle applicable to other natural product families. The future outlook of this new approach will also be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"3050-3060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes for polymer materials: challenge on simultaneous realization of inexpensive production and defined structures.","authors":"Yosuke Akae","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.252","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.20.252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to their dynamic natures, rotaxane-based polymers are attractive motifs for developing stimuli-responsive materials. However, the accurate control of the rotaxane structure, which can be achieved via multistep synthesis, is key to utilizing the material. Concurrently, implementing a scale-up synthesis procedure to exploit the application potential of rotaxane-based polymers induces structural ambiguities, thereby presenting a significant trade-off between realizing inexpensive production and defined structures. To overcome this rotaxane-synthesis challenge, cyclodextrin (CD) can be employed as a promising alternative owing to its low production cost. Thus, this study presents an overview of the precise synthesis of CD-based rotaxane and its application to polymers to simultaneously ensure inexpensive production and realize defined structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"3026-3049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anastasia I Ershova, Sergey V Fedoseev, Konstantin V Lipin, Mikhail Yu Ievlev, Oleg E Nasakin, Oleg V Ershov
{"title":"Tunable full-color dual-state (solution and solid) emission of push-pull molecules containing the 1-pyrindane moiety.","authors":"Anastasia I Ershova, Sergey V Fedoseev, Konstantin V Lipin, Mikhail Yu Ievlev, Oleg E Nasakin, Oleg V Ershov","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.251","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.20.251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A facile method for the synthesis of arylidene derivatives of pyrindane - (<i>E</i>)-7-arylmethylene-2-chloro-6,7-dihydro-5<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]pyridine-3,4-dicarbonitriles - was developed. Tunable full-color emission was achieved for the synthesized push-pull molecules, solely by changing donor groups while keeping both the conjugated system and acceptor part of the molecule unchanged. This represents a rare approach for the design of such fluorophores. Arylidene derivatives of pyrindane were found to be efficient fluorescent dyes showing a moderate to high emission quantum yield. The push-pull molecules were also characterized by a dual-state emission (in solution and in the solid state). Emission maxima ranged from 469 to 721 nm in solution depending on the solvent and type of donor substituent, and from 493 to 767 nm in the solid state. For the arylidene derivative of pyrindane with a dimethylamino group, it was shown that fluorescence can be changed by the action of an acid both in solution and in the solid state.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"3016-3025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleg V Bityukov, Pavel Yu Serdyuchenko, Andrey S Kirillov, Gennady I Nikishin, Vera A Vil', Alexander O Terent'ev
{"title":"Advances in radical peroxidation with hydroperoxides.","authors":"Oleg V Bityukov, Pavel Yu Serdyuchenko, Andrey S Kirillov, Gennady I Nikishin, Vera A Vil', Alexander O Terent'ev","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.249","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.20.249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic peroxides have become sought-after functionalities, particularly following the multi-tone consumption in polymer production and success in medicinal chemistry. The selective introduction of a peroxide fragment at different positions on the target molecule is a priority in the modern reaction design. The pioneering Kharasch-Sosnovsky peroxidation became the basic universal platform for the development of peroxidation methods, with its great potential for rapid generation of complexity due to the ability to couple the resulting free radicals with a wide range of partners. This review discusses the recent advances in the radical Kharasch-type functionalization of organic molecules with OOR fragment including free-component radical couplings. The discussion has been structured by the type of the substrate of radical peroxidation: C(sp <i><sup>3</sup></i> )-H substrates; aromatic systems; compounds with unsaturated C-C or C-Het bonds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"2959-3006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tailored charge-neutral self-assembled L<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>2</sub> container for taming oxalate.","authors":"David Ocklenburg, David Van Craen","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.250","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.20.250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives play crucial roles in various biological processes, necessitating the development of effective receptors for their detection. In particular, the smallest dicarboxylate, oxalate, presents a significant importance due to its widespread presence in nature and its association with various diseases. Yet, very little attention was devoted to the recognition of oxalate with metal-driven self-assemblies like cages or containers while numerous classic organic receptors for oxalate exist. This discrepancy is astonishing because metallocontainers or metallocages have advantages over classic macrocycles or organocages like a higher modularity and good preorganization paired with a ready receptor preparation by metal complexation. The reason for the underrepresentation is the competitive nature and excellent ligand properties of oxalate which not only is associated with the aforementioned diseases but also poses a serious hazard for metal-driven self-assemblies because the dianion can easily replace ligand strands leading to a partial or full receptor decomposition. Herein, we present a charge-neutral zinc(II)-based metallocontainer which was tuned to contest oxalate as most competitive dicarboxylate. The dianion is bound in a 1:1 fashion with a binding constant of log <i>K</i> = 4.39 selectively over other dicarboxylates by maintaining the receptor stability. This study highlights the importance of a highly modular receptor design so that tailored hosts can be designed to tackle the recognition of challenging competitive analytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"3007-3015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mike Brockmann, Jonas Lobbel, Lara Unterriker, Rainer Herges
{"title":"Synthesis of fluorinated acid-functionalized, electron-rich nickel porphyrins.","authors":"Mike Brockmann, Jonas Lobbel, Lara Unterriker, Rainer Herges","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.20.248","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.20.248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, novel fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of the generic structure TfO-CH<sub>2</sub>-(CF<sub>2</sub>) <i><sub>n</sub></i> -COOCH<sub>3</sub> (<i>n</i> = 2,4,6, Tf = triflate) were synthesized. The triflates were reacted with 2-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde via Williamson ether syntheses. The resulting electron-rich compounds were used as aldehydes in the Rothemund reaction with pyrrole to form ester-substituted porphyrins. After metalation with Ni(acac)<sub>2</sub> and hydrolysis electron-rich porphyrins were obtained, that are equipped with covalently attached long chain acid substituents. The target compounds have potential applications in catalysis, sensing, and materials science. The fluorinated aliphatic carboxylic acids (TfO-CH<sub>2</sub>-(CF<sub>2</sub>) <i><sub>n</sub></i> -COOCH<sub>3</sub>) with triflate as leaving group in terminal position are easily accessible and versatile building blocks for attaching long chain acids (p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> 0-1) to substrates in Williamson ether-type reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"2954-2958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11572008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}