Behavioral neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibition alters rodent optimal decision making in the diminishing returns task.","authors":"Seth D Foust, Michael E Mains, Hoda K AbouEich, Bailey A Wells, Brandon Goh, Hannah Doble, Emily McCurry, Erica Sanchez, Graysen H S Delich, Ellie G Jancola, Elizabeth Daugherty, Huy Nguyen, Jessica L Fossum, Phillip M Baker","doi":"10.1037/bne0000639","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists are increasingly used for treating mood disorders, but there is much to learn about their cognitive effects. Research shows NMDA receptor antagonists have varying effects in temporal decision making, either increasing or decreasing optimal choice behaviors related to impulsiveness and delay sensitivity. To clarify their role in these behaviors, we investigated the role of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 in the diminishing returns designed to investigate the ability to delay immediate rewards to optimize total rewards per session. Male and female rats were given the option to choose either a fixed delay lever that returned reward after 10 s or a progressive delay lever that delivered reward with no initial delay but increased by 1 s after each press. The task included two conditions: no-reset where the progressive delay continues to increase and reset where the progressive delay resets to 0 s after an fixed delay press. Following training, rats were injected with MK-801 (0.06 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg) or saline before a session. In the no-reset condition, rats on the high dose demonstrated impaired choice behavior characterized by frequent nontask related lever presses during delay periods. In the reset condition, males and females on the high dose made more optimal sequences of choices despite females increasing omitted trials. In both conditions, lever press behavior points to a loss of sensitivity to delay intervals driving the observed effects. Overall, results revealed complex effects of sex and NMDA receptor antagonists on optimal foraging behaviors and overall task responsiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"28-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145376006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of environmental enrichment during adolescence on social defeat effects.","authors":"Marta Rodríguez-Arias, Michele Malaguarnera, Marta Ribes-Catalá, Carmen Ferrer-Pérez, María Pascual","doi":"10.1037/bne0000640","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social defeat (SD) is a well established model that increases addiction vulnerability accompanied by depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to enhance resilience and mitigate stress-induced behavioral alterations. Here, we investigated the protective effects of EE during adolescence, both before and during SD encounters, on stress-induced anxiety, depression and the increased conditioned rewarding effects of a subthreshold cocaine dose in adulthood. We employed the social interaction test (SIT) to categorize mice into resilient and susceptible phenotypes based on depressive-like behaviors. Anxiety was assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM). EE did not alter the percentage of resilient and susceptible mice (33%-63% in standard housing vs. 46%-54% in EE), nor did it prevent stress-induced anxiety. Only defeated mice housed under standard conditions developed 1.5 mg/kg cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, whereas EE-exposed stressed mice did not acquire cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. Our findings highlight that EE during adolescence serves as a protective factor by promoting the development of a resilient phenotype in adulthood against increased drug reward. However, it was ineffective in counteracting depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"52-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error-related processes during motor imagery are a driver of motor learning.","authors":"Theresa C L S Gaughan, Austin J Hurst, Heather F Neyedli, Shaun G Boe","doi":"10.1037/bne0000638","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor imagery is known to be effective for the acquisition of motor skills. Given its covert nature and thus an absence of feedback related to task performance, key to improving overt movement performance, how motor imagery drives skill acquisition is unclear. Here we investigated error-related processes in motor imagery and the role errors may play in driving motor learning. Specifically, we examined (a) the change in self-reported accuracy over time when participants trained on a complex motor skill using motor imagery and (b) if greater change in self-reported accuracy across motor imagery training predicted subsequent physical performance of the motor skill. We hypothesized that self-reported accuracy would increase as a function of time and that greater improvements in self-reported accuracy would predict superior physical performance. Results revealed a significant increase in self-reported accuracy over time. Moreover, changes in self-reported accuracy were highly predictive (<i>R</i>² = 0.43) of physical performance, with participants who showed the greatest improvement in self-reported accuracy also demonstrating greater accuracy during physical performance. These findings support the notion that error-related processes are present and likely play a critical role in learning via motor imagery. We discuss possible mechanisms of error processing in motor imagery, including the updating of internal models. We conclude by proposing a \"fusion model\" of motor imagery, which posits that motor imagery integrates sensory predictions of movement with a cognitive simulation of movement that permits updating of sensory prediction, in turn facilitating performance improvement and ultimately motor learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145457437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Influence of context on extinguished appetitive conditioning in male and female rats\" by Moriarty et al. (2025).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/bne0000647","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reports an error in \"Influence of context on extinguished appetitive conditioning in male and female rats\" by Samantha K. Moriarty, Shaina L. Weingart, Reihane Abdollahi, Emily A. Rocco, Hannah L. Schoenberg, Neil E. Winterbauer, Donna J. Toufexis, John T. Green and Travis P. Todd (<i>Behavioral Neuroscience</i>, 2025[Aug-Oct], Vol 139[4-5], 193-201; see record 2026-16533-001). Due to an editorial production error, the abbreviation \"US\" (unconditioned stimulus) was incorrectly changed to \"United States.\" The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2026-16533-001.) Extinction is fundamental to adaptive behavior in that it allows organisms to alter previously conditioned behaviors based on the prevailing environmental contingencies. Extinguished responses, however, will renew when the conditioned stimulus is presented outside the extinction context. There has been some suggestion that renewal after extinction of appetitive conditioning is a sex-specific process, with only male rats showing renewal (e.g., Anderson & Petrovich, 2015, 2017, 2018). The purpose of the present experiments was to revisit the role of sex in appetitive renewal, in part because an earlier literature demonstrated renewal in experiments with only female rats (e.g., Brooks & Bouton, 1994). In three experiments, rats underwent appetitive Pavlovian conditioning in Context A, followed by extinction in Context B, and then within-subject renewal testing in both B and A. In Experiment 1a, renewal was present for both male and female rats. In Experiment 1b, the procedure included exposures to Context A during the extinction phase. Once again, renewal was observed in female rats. In Experiment 2, we assessed if cycling hormones contribute to renewal in female rats. To do so we compared intact female rats with ovariectomized female rats, and observed robust renewal in both groups. Our results support the notion that renewal is a general behavioral phenomenon, and is one reason why behavior change may be difficult to sustain (Bouton, 2014). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"140 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopaminergic responses to identity prediction errors depend differently on the orbitofrontal cortex and hippocampus.","authors":"Yuji K Takahashi, Zhewei Zhang, Thorsten Kahnt, Geoffrey Schoenbaum","doi":"10.1037/bne0000633","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive behavior depends on the ability to predict specific events, particularly those related to rewards. Armed with such associative information, we can infer the current value of predicted rewards based on changing circumstances and desires. To support this ability, neural systems must represent both the value and identity of predicted rewards, and these representations must be updated when they change. Here we tested whether prediction error signaling of dopamine neurons depends on two areas known to represent the specifics of rewarding events, the hippocampus (HC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We monitored the spiking activity of dopamine neurons in rat ventral tegmental area during changes in the number or flavor of expected rewards designed to induce errors in the prediction of reward value or reward identity, respectively. In control animals, dopamine neurons registered both error types, transiently increasing firing to additional drops of reward or changes in reward flavor. These canonical firing signatures of value and identity prediction errors were altered in rats with ipsilateral neurotoxic lesions of either HC or OFC. Specifically, HC lesions caused a failure to register either type of prediction error, whereas OFC lesions caused abnormally persistent signaling of identity prediction errors and much more subtle effects on signaling of value errors. These results demonstrate that HC and OFC contribute distinct types of information to the computation of prediction errors signaled by ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12694612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidomain cognitive assessment and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across age in the male Fischer 344 rat.","authors":"Marc A Zempare, Loi Do, Natalie J Carey, Christie J Nguyen, Kimberly Young, Olivia Guswiler, Monica K Chawla, Shripad Sinari, Dean Billheimer, Matthew J Huentelman, Theodore P Trouard, Carol A Barnes","doi":"10.1037/bne0000637","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms responsible for individual differences in cognition are not well understood. This study assessed behavioral performance and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived brain volumes in male Fischer 344 young (6 months), middle-aged (15 months), and aged (23 months) adult rats and asked two primary questions: Do individual differences in spatial performance predict behavior in other cognitive domains? Are the observed differences in cognition related to the volume of brain areas responsible for these cognitive processes? Several cognitive domains were examined here along with MRI-derived volumetric measures of the hippocampus and neocortex. The tasks assessed spatial reference and working memory, and temporal ordering and spatial location novelty tasks. The hippocampus-dependent spatial version of the Morris watermaze was used to categorize each rat into high, average, and low performers within each age group. When scores on the spatial working memory task were compared to the spatial reference memory task, only young adults showed a positive relationship between performance on these tasks; this relationship was not apparent in the older animals. With respect to MRI measurements, differences were found in total intracranial volume and total brain volume across age, but there were no statistically significant relationships found across age or between cognitive categories in the neocortex or hippocampus cornu ammonis subfields. Three primary conclusions can be drawn: There is large variability in spatial memory across all ages, high performance on one cognitive domain does not necessarily predict high performance on another, and finally, finer structural analyses may be required to identify brain changes responsible for the individual differences observed here. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"11-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rational information gathering account of infant habituation.","authors":"Gili Karni, Marcelo G Mattar, Lauren Emberson, Nathaniel D Daw","doi":"10.1037/bne0000635","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gaze is one of the primary experimental measures for studying cognitive development, especially in preverbal infants. However, the field is only beginning to develop a principled explanatory framework for making sense of the various factors affecting gaze. We approach this issue by addressing infant gaze from first principles, using rational information gathering. In particular, we revisit the influential descriptive account of Hunter and Ames (1988), which posits a set of regularities argued to govern how gaze preference for a stimulus changes with experience and other factors. When the Hunter and Ames's (1988) model is reconsidered from the perspective of rational information gathering (as recently also proposed by other authors), one feature of the model emerges as surprising: that preference for a stimulus is not monotonic with exposure. This claim, which has at least some empirical support, is in contrast to most statistical measures of informativeness, which strictly decline with experience. We present a normative, computational theory of visual exploration that rationalizes this and other features of the classic account. Our account suggests that Hunter and Ames's (1988) signature nonmonotonic pattern is a direct manifestation of a ubiquitous principle of the value of information in sequential tasks, other consequences of which have recently been observed in a range of settings including deliberation, exploration, curiosity, and boredom. This is that the value of information gathering, putatively driving gaze, depends on the interplay of a stimulus' informativeness (called gain, the focus of other rationally motivated accounts) with a second factor (called need) reflecting the estimated chance that information will be used in the future. This computational decomposition draws new connections between infant gaze and other cases of exploration, and offers novel, quantitative interpretations and predictions about the factors that may impact infant exploratory attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"139 6","pages":"298-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12646506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145595539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraventricular thalamic inputs to the ventral pallidum shape reward seeking during threat and fear responding in extinction.","authors":"Mahsa Moaddab, Suhui Qian, Jacob B Boyce, Nicholas T Gordon, Aleah M DuBois, Anaise C Fitzpatrick, Kaiyuan Zheng, Michael A McDannald","doi":"10.1037/bne0000630","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental threats are typically encountered when animals are searching for food and other necessities. Adaptive behavior must balance competition between fear behavior and reward seeking. We gave rats local neuronal deletions of the ventral pallidum (VP) or specifically deleted paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) neurons projecting directly to the VP. Rats were then assessed in a conditioned suppression procedure in which cues predicting unique foot shock probabilities were presented during, but independent from, reward seeking. Foot shock introduction generally suppressed reward seeking in rats, and recovery from shock introduction was facilitated in rats with VP or PVT → VP pathway deletions. Discriminative fear was observed in controls, and this fear responding reduced over a single extinction session. VP deletion enhanced extinction fear responding, and PVT → VP pathway deletion abolished within-session fear reductions. The results demonstrate the VP and its inputs from the PVT shape reward seeking in threat settings and govern fear extinction responding. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extinction and reinstatement sex-dependently affect freezing behavior, pain perception, locomotion, and rearing behavior in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).","authors":"Pouya Ghasemi, Sepideh Khazaei, Shaghayegh Khoeen, Golbahar Lotfi, Ramel Sayad Deghatkar, Marzieh Jalalian-Javadpour, Salar Vaseghi","doi":"10.1037/bne0000636","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence has shown that sex differences affect the symptoms and the response to treatments in neuropsychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Extinction, as a therapeutic method, and reinstatement, as a method that facilitates shock-related memory retrieval, may also be affected by sex differences; however, evidence is sparse. The present study aimed to explore the potential role of sex differences in the effect of extinction and reinstatement on behavioral functions in a rat model of PTSD. Fear learning was induced by three consecutive footshocks (0.8 mA, 3 s, paired with three sounds) on Day 1. Extinction training (20 sounds without footshock) was done 1 hr and 24 hr after footshocks. Reinstatement was done on Day 3, or 10, or 20, or 30, by placing rat in a new context and delivering one footshock (0.8 mA, 3 s, no sound). Results showed that females were more responsive to extinction due to significant decreases in freezing behavior in comparison with males, while reinstatement had more effect to recall shock-related memory in males. Pain threshold was increased and extinction decreased it in both sexes. Locomotion was decreased in fear conditioning group in both sexes and in PTSD + extinction males, while it was not changed in PTSD + extinction females. Reinstatement on Day 3 decreased locomotion in males. Rearing was decreased and extinction restored it in both sexes. By contrast, reinstatement on Day 3 decreased rearing in males. In conclusion, we suggested that females are more responsive to extinction and less sensitive to reinstatement. On the contrary, males are sensitive to reinstatement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"284-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioned place preferences for virtual reality cannabis cues.","authors":"Skyler M Sklenarik, Christopher N Burrows, Robert S Astur","doi":"10.1037/bne0000634","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether 221 undergraduates (123 males, 98 females) with varying levels of cannabis use displayed a conditioned place preference (CPP) for a virtual reality (VR) room that previously contained virtual cannabis stimuli compared to a neutral VR room that was not paired with cannabis cues. We hypothesized that cannabis-using participants (<i>n</i> = 180) would spend a greater amount of time in, report greater subjective enjoyment in, and explicitly prefer a VR room that was previously paired with virtual cannabis stimuli relative to a neutral room, while participants with nonuse (<i>n</i> = 41) would not. Overall, participants did not demonstrate an implicit or explicit CPP for a VR room that was previously paired with cannabis cues. Interestingly, however, participants with recent cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 41) exhibited a significant implicit CPP for the cannabis-cue-paired VR room, while participants with nonrecent cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 113) did not. Furthermore, relative to males with cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 93), females with cannabis use (<i>n</i> = 87) demonstrated a significant explicit CPP for the cannabis-cue-paired context as well as significantly greater cannabis cravings. These findings elucidate the need for further research on the role of acute cannabis intoxication, sex, and cue-induced cravings in modulating CPP for cannabis-associated contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"267-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}