Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A new method for improving the inductively coupled data transmission rate of mooring buoy based on carrier signal frequency selection","authors":"Rong Du ,&nbsp;Xingfei Li ,&nbsp;Shaobo Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the inductively coupled data transmission system of the mooring buoy, the carrier signal frequency of the transmission channel is limited due to the inherent characteristics of the system, resulting in limited channel bandwidth. The limited channel bandwidth limits the increase in inductively coupled data transmission rate. In order to improve the inductively coupled data transmission rate of mooring buoy as much as possible without damaging the data transmission performance, a new method was proposed in this paper. The method is proposed to improve the data transmission rate by selecting the appropriate carrier signal frequencies based on the principle of maximizing the amplitude value of amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the system. Research has been done according to this method as follows. Firstly, according to the inductively coupled transmission mooring buoy structure, the inductively coupled data transmission circuit model was established. The binary frequency shift keying (2FSK) digital signal modulation mode was selected. Through theoretical analysis, the relation between the carrier signal frequency and the data transmission performance, the relation between the carrier signal frequency and the 2FSK signal bandwidth were obtained. Secondly, the performance and the bandwidth of the signal transmission were studied for the inherent characteristics of the actual inductively coupled data transmission system. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the system was analyzed by experiments. By selecting the appropriate carrier signal frequency parameters, an excellent data transmission performance was guaranteed and a large 2FSK signal bandwidth was obtained. Finally, an inductively coupled data transmission rate optimization experiment and a bit error rate analysis experiment were designed and carried out. The results show that the high-speed and reliable data transmission of the system was realized and the rate can reach 100 kbps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48233037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of the peripheral aberrations of human eyes: A comprehensive review","authors":"Yanbo Zhao ,&nbsp;Fengzhou Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2020.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2020.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been nearly 50 years since the first glimpse of the relationship between myopia and peripheral refractive errors. According to experiments on both animals and humans, the eyes with hyperopic peripheral vision appear to be at higher risk of developing myopia than those with myopic peripheral refractive errors. Despite the first measurement of peripheral refraction being achieved by a modified manual optometer, the concept of emmetropization triggered a rapidly increasing number of studies on peripheral aberrations. Not only the horizontal off-axis aberrations but also the meridional aberrations at different angles are measured by researchers during the development of peripheral aberrations measuring techniques. According to the differences among the working principles, a variety of techniques have been adopted for performing such measurements. The methods developed to realize the high-performance measurement involve the subject cooperating actively by rotating the head or eyes, the rotation of the whole optical path, and the combination of measurements of many light paths. This paper provides a review of the peripheral aberrations measuring techniques and their current status. This article also highlights the development trend of the measuring techniques of peripheral aberrations and practical applications of peripheral aberration measurements, such as the control of the accommodation, the measuring time, and the dynamic range problem of the wavefront sensor. Although wavefront sensing peripheral measurement is widely recognized for its capability to reveal both lower-order aberrations and higher-order aberrations, the efficiency of an autorefractometer is incomparable. The current study reveals that the most widely used peripheral aberration measurement methods are the use of an open field autorefractometer and Hartman-shack wavefront sensor-based techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 53-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2020.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44443132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microelectrode arrays for monitoring neural activity in neural stem cells with modulation by glutamate in vitro","authors":"Fei Gao,&nbsp;Jinping Luo,&nbsp;Yilin Song,&nbsp;Enhui He,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Guihua Xiao,&nbsp;Xinxia Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2020.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2020.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a 60-channel microelectrode array (MEA) was fabricated and used to monitor the neural spikes and local field potentials (LFPs) of neurons differentiated from rat neural stem cells in vitro. The neurons were grown on the MEA surface to detect neural signals. Glutamate (Glu) was used to modulate neural activity during experiments. To enhance detection performance, platinum nanoparticles were modified onto the microelectrode site surface. Glutamate stimulated neural spikes and LFPs were recorded using the MEA. The average spike amplitude was approximately 70 μV in the normal state. The spike amplitude increased by 29% from 70 μV to 90 μV with Glu modulation. The firing rate increased by 69% from 4.01 Hz to 6.8 Hz with Glu modulation. The LFP power increased from 326 μW in the normal state to 617 μW with Glu modulation in the 0–10 Hz frequency band. Data analysis shows that neural activity stimulated by Glu modulation was recorded experimentally at high temporal-spatial resolution. These results may provide a new neuron detection method, as well as further understanding of neural stem cell spike firing and associated mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2020.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43360862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword to the special issue on micro/nano biosensors","authors":"Weihua Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2020.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2020.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2020.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45542641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in micro/nanoscale intracellular delivery","authors":"Mengjie Sun,&nbsp;Xuexin Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intracellular delivery enables the efficient drug delivery into various types of cells and has been a long-term studied topics in modern biotechnology. Targeted delivery with improved delivery efficacy requires considerable requirements. This process is a critical step in many cellular-level studies, such as cellular drug therapy, gene editing delivery, and a series of biomedical research applications. The emergence of micro- and nanotechnology has enabled the more accurate and dedicated intracellular delivery, and it is expected to be the next generation of controlled delivery with unprecedented flexibility. This review focuses on several represented micro- and nanoscale physical approaches for cell membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery and discusses the mechanisms, advantages, and challenges of each approach. We believe that the deeper understanding of intracellular delivery at such low dimension would help the research community to develop more powerful delivery technologies for biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 18-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the effects of electrochemical factors on host-guest interaction induced signature events in a biological nanopore","authors":"Xiaojun Wei ,&nbsp;Zehui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Wang ,&nbsp;Brian Lenhart ,&nbsp;Roberto Gambarini ,&nbsp;Jonathan Gray ,&nbsp;Chang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The signature events caused by host-guest interactions in the nanopore system can be used as a novel and characteristic signal in quantitative detection and analysis of various molecules. However, the effect of several electrochemical factors on the host-guest interactions in nanopore still remains unknown. Here, we systematically studied host-guest interactions, especially oscillation of DNA-azide adamantane@cucurbit[6] in α-Hemolysin nanopore under varying pH, concentration of electrolytes and counterions (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺). Our results indicate correlations between the change of pH and the duration of the oscillation signal. In addition, the asymmetric electrolyte concentration and the charge of the counterions affects the frequency of signature events in oscillation signals, and even the integrity of the protein nanopore. This study provides insight into the design of a future biosensing platform based on signature oscillation signals of the host-guest interaction within a nanopore.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 2-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25534548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-based cytometric biosensors for point-of-care cellular diagnostics","authors":"Shengwei Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Li,&nbsp;Qingshan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysis on a single-cell basis is both fundamental and meaningful in biomedical research and clinical practice. Flow cytometry is one of the most popular approaches in this field with broad applications in cell sorting, counting, and identification of rare cells. However, the complicated design and bulky size of conventional flow cytometry have restricted their applications mainly in centralized laboratories. With the recent development of smartphone devices, smartphone-based cytometry has been explored and tested for single-cell analysis. Compared with traditional cytometers, smartphone-based cytometric biosensors are more suitable for point-of-care (POC) uses, such as on-site disease diagnosis and personal health monitoring. In this review article, the history of traditional flow cytometry is introduced, and advances of smartphone-enabled cytometry are summarized in detail based on different working principles. Representative POC applications of smartphone cytometers are also discussed. The achievements demonstrated so far illustrate the potential of smartphone-based cytometric devices to transform single-cell measurement in general, with a significant impact in POC diagnostics, preventive medicine, and cell biology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49183645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-the-art and recent developments in micro/nanoscale pressure sensors for smart wearable devices and health monitoring systems","authors":"Ye Chang,&nbsp;Jingjing Zuo,&nbsp;Hainan Zhang,&nbsp;Xuexin Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small-sized, low-cost, and high-sensitivity sensors are required for pressure-sensing applications because of their critical role in consumer electronics, automotive applications, and industrial environments. Thus, micro/nanoscale pressure sensors based on micro/nanofabrication and micro/nanoelectromechanical system technologies have emerged as a promising class of pressure sensors on account of their remarkable miniaturization and performance. These sensors have recently been developed to feature multifunctionality and applicability to novel scenarios, such as smart wearable devices and health monitoring systems. In this review, we summarize the major sensing principles used in micro/nanoscale pressure sensors and discuss recent progress in the development of four major categories of these sensors, namely, novel material-based, flexible, implantable, and self-powered pressure sensors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise in nanopore sensors: Sources, models, reduction, and benchmarking","authors":"Shengfa Liang ,&nbsp;Feibin Xiang ,&nbsp;Zifan Tang ,&nbsp;Reza Nouri ,&nbsp;Xiaodong He ,&nbsp;Ming Dong ,&nbsp;Weihua Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Label-free nanopore sensors have emerged as a new generation technology of DNA sequencing and have been widely used for single molecule analysis. Since the first α-hemolysin biological nanopore, various types of nanopores made of different materials have been under extensive development. Noise represents a common challenge among all types of nanopore sensors. The nanopore noise can be decomposed into four components in the frequency domain (1/<em>f</em> noise, white noise, dielectric noise, and amplifier noise). In this work, we reviewed and summarized the physical models, origins, and reduction methods for each of these noise components. For the first time, we quantitatively benchmarked the root mean square (RMS) noise levels for different types of nanopores, demonstrating a clear material-dependent RMS noise. We anticipate this review article will enhance the understanding of nanopore sensor noises and provide an informative tutorial for developing future nanopore sensors with a high signal-to-noise ratio.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2019.12.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48357471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of large-displacement asymmetric piezoelectric microgripper based on flexible mechanisms","authors":"Xiaodong Chen ,&nbsp;Siya Hu ,&nbsp;Zilong Deng ,&nbsp;Jinhai Gao ,&nbsp;Xingjun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.npe.2019.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The output displacement of the traditional symmetrical microgripper is large, but its micro-components or parts are easily damaged due to the uneven force exerted on the left and right jaws of the gripper. The output force of the traditional asymmetric microgripper is stable. However, its output displacement is small, typically half the output displacement of the symmetric microgripper. To solve these problems, in this study, we designed a large-displacement asymmetric microgripper. First, we calculated the relationship between the theoretical input and output variables based on their geometric relationship. Then, we analyzed the performance of the microgripper using finite element software. Lastly, we used a piezoelectric actuator as the input driver of the microgripper. The errors associated with the theoretical and simulated output displacements were 7.05% and 9.24%, respectively. At 150 V of driving voltage, the maximum output displacement was 224 μm, and the actual magnification was 11.2 times. Microparts can be gripped in parallel and stably, which confirms the validity of the design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":87330,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 188-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.npe.2019.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43202994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}