Autism最新文献

{"title":"'Sometimes I'm feeling baffled and they're probably feeling baffled': On the experiences of psychological therapists working with autistic people in a structured primary care service for anxiety disorders and depression.","authors":"Paul K Miller, Samantha Lj Bowden, Natalie Dewison, Barry Ingham, Richard Thwaites, Dave Dagnan","doi":"10.1177/13623613251341610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251341610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autistic people are more likely to experience mental health problems such as anxiety disorder and depression than are the general population. This study reports a qualitative analysis of interview data provided by 12 psychological therapists regarding their experiences of working with autistic people with anxiety disorders and/or depression within a structured primary care mental health service in the north of England. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: (1) Experience and Trepidation, (2) Wrong Service, Only Service, (3) Therapeutic Environment and (4) Training and Adaptations. Participating therapists identified challenges in the structure of the services they worked in, the applicability of conventional therapies and the need for autism-specific therapy training ideally led by autistic people. Centrally, participants did not routinely feel fully equipped to separate endemic aspects of autism itself from features of a mental health disorder in an autistic person, which had left some feeling powerless to help in certain cases, or as if they may have done more harm than good. All participants were, however, able to identify positive adaptations made from practical experience, and most reported a growing confidence in working with autistic people.Lay Abstract<b>The experiences of psychological therapists working with autistic people in a primary care service for anxiety disorders and depression</b>We are a group of autistic people, academic researchers and psychological therapists, with some of us being more than one of those things. We started from the knowledge that autistic people are particularly prone to have anxiety disorders and depression. We were, therefore, interested in how current 'talking therapy' services in England might, or might not, be helping autistic people with those problems. To address this issue, we interviewed 12 psychological therapists in the north of England who had experience of working with autistic people with an anxiety disorder, depression or both. We found that the therapists often felt that they were not prepared or trained to give autistic people their best service. The therapists were also concerned that some of the therapies they usually applied did not always work with autistic people, or sometimes even made things worse. They felt it was important, however, that autistic people should keep using the service, as there was no other service available to them if they had an anxiety disorder or depression. There was evidence, however, that talking therapies still had positive effects for autistic people, and that therapists had therefore probably underestimated their positive impact in a lot of cases. Consequently, training was recommended such that psychological therapists might better understand mental health and specific therapy adaptations that help autistic people.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613251341610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver concerns for autistic children differ between publicly funded educational and mental health settings: Findings from a community implementation-effectiveness trial.","authors":"Laurel R Benjamin, Aubyn C Stahmer, Anna Lau, Lauren Brookman-Frazee","doi":"10.1177/13623613251337536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251337536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study sought to characterize caregiver concerns for autistic children receiving care in two public service systems-schools and mental health programs-and to identify child and family characteristics associated with these concerns. Caregivers of 353 school-age autistic children in mental health services (<i>n</i> = 192) or schools (<i>n</i> = 161) named, in their own words, the top three concerns for their child. A modified version of Weisz et al.'s Top Problem coding system was developed to expand beyond the original codes, capturing child emotional and behavioral problems, autism features, and adaptive behaviors. Most caregivers (61.8%) identified externalizing behaviors like aggression, as well as social differences (36.3%) and attention difficulties (35.4%) as top problems. Caregivers also mentioned autism-specific concerns related to social responsiveness (54.7%). Participant characteristics, including child age and caregiver race/ethnicity, were associated with concerns. Controlling for child age and caregiver ethnicity, concerns differed by setting; caregivers in mental health (vs. school) settings named more externalizing behaviors, while those in school settings named more restricted repetitive behaviors and social differences. Findings highlight the need to implement setting-specific interventions individualized to caregivers' priorities and to ensure opportunities for cross-system coordination.Lay abstractThis study explored what concerns caregivers have about their autistic children when receiving care from either mental health programs or schools. Caregivers shared, in their own words, the top three concerns they worry about most for their child. Caregivers had many different concerns, including worries about their child's emotions and behaviors, autism-related traits, daily living skills, and ability to manage feelings and behavior. The study also found that caregivers' concerns were linked to family characteristics like their child's age, the caregiver's race or ethnicity, and how many children live in the home. Caregivers' concerns also differed based on where they were getting help. Caregivers in mental health programs were more likely to worry about challenging behaviors like aggression. Caregivers in school settings were more likely to be concerned about their child's social skills and repetitive behaviors. These findings help us better understand what caregivers worry about when seeking support for their child. The findings also show why it is important to use the right strategies in each setting to meet the specific needs of caregivers and their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613251337536"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Am I gonna regret this?': The experiences of diagnostic disclosure in autistic adults.","authors":"Sheena K Au-Yeung, Megan Freeth, Andrew R Thompson","doi":"10.1177/13623613251337504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251337504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of people receive autism diagnoses in adulthood, and there are few studies investigating autistic adults' experiences of disclosing their diagnosis. This study sought to understand autistic adults' experiences of diagnostic disclosure using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Twelve autistic adults, who received their diagnosis in adulthood, participated in one-to-one semi-structured interviews exploring their experiences of diagnostic disclosure. Quality control and reflexivity procedures were used to ensure rigour. Four group experiential themes and nine subthemes emerged: (1) 'Functions of Disclosure' (subthemes: i. Accessing Support; ii. Becoming Myself; iii. Activism and its Burden); (2) 'Approaching the Conversation' (Subthemes: i. Managing Disclosure and Reactions; ii. Disclosure Started Pre-Diagnosis; iii. Impact on Others); (3) 'Negative Effects of Preconceptions' (Subthemes: i. Disbelief and Imposter Syndrome; ii. Not Having My Needs Met; iii. Caution and Avoidance), and (4) 'Acceptance, Openness and Finding Community'. Disclosure served multiple functions for the autistic participants. There was variability in the support that autistic participants received in preparation for disclosing the diagnosis. More consistent post-diagnostic support is required to engage newly diagnosed autistic adults in considering the practicalities and potential consequences of disclosure, its benefits and challenges.Lay SummaryAn increasing number of people are receiving diagnoses of autism in adulthood. However, there are few studies investigating autistic adults' experiences of 'disclosure', that is, telling others about their autism diagnosis. The aim of this study is to understand autistic adults' experiences of telling other people that they are autistic after receiving a diagnosis during adulthood. Twelve autistic adults were interviewed about their experiences of disclosure. The interviews showed that autistic people disclose to access support, be themselves and to help others. To disclose, autistic people had to make decisions about what information to share and how to handle people's reactions. Some people started telling others about their potential diagnosis before being formally diagnosed. Disclosure has an impact on people receiving the news of disclosure. Many autistic people experienced not being believed, resulting in unmet needs. This led them to be more careful about future disclosure. However, disclosure also led to some positive experiences, where autistic people felt listened to and accepted by those they disclosed to. This led to receiving support and feeling part of a community. It is recommended that clinicians and autism service providers include discussions about disclosure as part of routine post-diagnostic support.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613251337504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous and exogenous oxytocin modulate interpersonal motor resonance in autism: A context-dependent and person-specific approach.","authors":"Jellina Prinsen, Kaat Alaerts","doi":"10.1177/13623613251335730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251335730","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Understanding and interpreting non-verbal actions are critical components of social cognition, which are often challenging for autistic individuals. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide known to modulate social behavior and enhance the salience of social stimuli, is being explored as a therapeutic option for improving social mirroring. However, its effects are mediated by context- and person-dependent factors. This study examines the impact of a single intranasal dose of oxytocin (24 IU) on interpersonal motor resonance in young adult men with and without autism. Neurophysiological assessments of corticomotor excitability were performed using transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants observed real-time hand movements displayed by an experimenter demonstrating varying social intent (i.e. showing direct vs averted gaze). While no overall effect of oxytocin on interpersonal motor resonance was observed across groups, person-specific factors significantly influenced outcomes. In the autism group, individuals with higher endogenous oxytocin levels exhibited greater motor resonance during action observation. Autistic individuals with heightened social difficulties or avoidant attachment styles showed enhanced motor resonance following oxytocin administration. These findings highlight the nuanced role of both endogenous and exogenous oxytocin in shaping neurophysiological motor resonance and emphasize the importance of individual variability in assessing oxytocin's therapeutic potential for addressing social challenges in autism.Lay abstractThis study explores how oxytocin, a hormone that influences social behaviors, affects the ability to interpret and respond to non-verbal cues, particularly in autistic adults. Understanding others' actions and intentions, often guided by observing body language and eye contact, is a critical part of social interaction. Autistic individuals frequently face challenges in these areas. Using a safe, non-invasive brain stimulation technique, the study measured participants' brain responses as they observed real-time hand movements paired with the interaction partner's direct eye contact or averted gaze. Participants included young autistic and non-autistic adult men who received a placebo and a single dose of oxytocin via nasal spray. Results showed no overall differences between the two groups in their brain responses to these movements. However, in the autism group, several factors significantly influenced the effects of oxytocin. Participants with higher natural oxytocin levels or those who reported greater social challenges showed stronger responses after oxytocin administration, particularly when observing hand movements combined with direct gaze. These findings suggest that oxytocin may enhance social understanding in autistic individuals, especially for those experiencing greater difficulties. This highlights the potential of personalized approaches when considering oxytocin as a therapeutic option to improve ","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613251335730"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic, ecological and social predictors of quality of life among parents of autistic children: A multi-centre cross-sectional study.","authors":"Raghad AbdulKareen Abdoun Al-Janabi, Zainab Ali Saleem, Faris Lami, Osamah Abbas Jaber, Shatha Mohammed Jasim, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri, Mahdi Shafiee Sabet, Ghaith Al-Gburi","doi":"10.1177/13623613251334166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251334166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parents experience lower quality of life due to the psychological, financial and social challenges of caring for an autistic child. This study aims to identify the independent demographic and social predictors of parents' quality of life, to allocate support to parents who truly need it. Al-Subtain Academy and Baghdad's National Center for Autism recruited 248 parents in a cross-sectional study from 3 January to 13 September 2024. Demographics, quality of life and social support were assessed using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models were significant for all domains except role functioning (p = 0.258). The explained variance ranged from 50.8% for health perception to 19.5% for physical functioning. Mothers reported lower health perception and physical functioning than fathers (p = 0.015, p < 0.001). Parents with chronic condition also reported lower health perception, mental health, social functioning and higher pain scores (p-values: <0.001, 0.029, 0.023, 0.014). In addition, parents of female children and those with comorbidities reported lower mental health (p-values: 0.018, 0.004). Marital satisfaction was positively associated with all domains except pain (negative association) and physical/role functioning (no association). In conclusion, mothers, younger parents, parents with chronic conditions or female children, or whose children have comorbidities should be prioritised during interventions that promote family functioning and social support.Lay AbstractParents can face emotional and social challenges when taking care of autistic children, which can lower their quality of life. These challenges do not affect all parents in the same way. That is why we need to find out which parents are having more trouble, so that we can give more support to those who need it the most. Our goal was to identify which background and social factors are linked to lower quality of life in parents of autistic children. First, we found that parents of autistic children have lower mental and social well-being than physical quality of life. We argued that the type of challenges faced by parents might be the cause. We also detected lower quality of life among mothers, younger parents, parents with long-term conditions or autistic daughters, or whose children have other conditions besides autism. Finally, we found that marital satisfaction was the most important element in social support. Marital satisfaction is linked to a better quality of life in all areas except being able to do normal daily tasks and physical activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613251334166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot rural-urban comparison of health care experiences among autistic adolescents and young adults.","authors":"E Zhang, Wafaa Alduraidi, Makenna Snyder, Ezra Kaiser, Spencer Hunley, Ann Davis, Eve-Lynn Nelson, Nancy Cheak-Zamora","doi":"10.1177/13623613251337506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251337506","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Autistic adolescents and young adults face barriers to accessing health care, particularly during the pediatric-to-adult care transition. This study compared health care access, utilization, and provider interactions between rural and urban autistic adolescents and young adults. Autistic adolescents and young adults (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 180) aged 14-25 were recruited through autism registries and community agencies across multiple US states from October 2022 to June 2023. They completed the Health Care Transition Experience Survey, a 51-item questionnaire evaluating health care experiences. Rural-urban differences were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Rural autistic adolescents and young adults (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 84) relied more on a single health care location, while urban autistic adolescents and young adults (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 96) more often used multiple providers (72.6% vs 56.3%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.046). Rural autistic adolescents and young adults reported greater challenges with providers lacking autism-specific knowledge (40.5% vs 24.0%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.017) and limited nearby providers (57.1% vs 26.0%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). They also encountered more issues with dental insurance acceptance (46.4% vs 12.5%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.015), while urban autistic adolescents and young adults more often lacked dental insurance (33.3% vs 3.6%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.008). Significant rural-urban disparities were found in health care experiences, particularly provider availability and autism expertise in rural areas. Targeted interventions addressing rural health care barriers and enhanced provider training in autism care are needed.Lay abstractHealth care can be especially challenging for young autistic people, particularly when they move from child to adult health care. Our pilot study looked at whether the health care experiences are similar or different for autistic young people living in rural areas versus urban areas. We surveyed 180 autistic people aged 14-25 years about their health care experiences, including 96 from urban areas and 84 from rural areas. The survey asked about their experiences in finding providers, getting appointments, working with providers, and how well their providers understood autism. The results showed that rural young autistic people face some unique challenges. They often had to travel farther to find providers. They were more likely to work with one provider and report that their providers did not understand autism well compared to urban young autistic people, who often could choose between different providers. Interestingly, both rural and urban participants felt similarly about how well they could talk with their providers once they started working with them. Dental care stood out as particularly challenging among different health care services-rural participants had trouble finding dentists who accepted their insurance, while urban participants were more likely to have no dental insurance at all. These findings highlight important area","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613251337506"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-designing a novel service delivery pathway to increase access to autism identification and care within a non-profit community organization serving culturally and linguistically diverse families.","authors":"Shana M Attar, Hannah Benavidez, Carol Gicheru, Colleen Alabi, Risho Sapano, Wendy L Stone","doi":"10.1177/13623613251335702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251335702","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Culturally and linguistically diverse families experience greater challenges accessing timely, autism-specialized care relative to non-culturally and linguistically diverse families, and ultimately experience less optimal health outcomes. Alternative pathways to access autism care for culturally and linguistically diverse families are needed; however, the features of a novel pathway remain unclear. A co-design process was used with a culturally embedded non-profit community organization to develop a novel service delivery pathway for increasing access to autism services for culturally and linguistically diverse families in the United States. Twenty-three individuals participated in eight, 2-hour co-design sessions. Participants included front-line staff (seven non-specialist providers), management leaders (two program supervisors and two organization directors), and eight end-users (caregivers) from seven understudied cultural and linguistic groups (i.e. Somali Mai Mai, Swahili, Arabic, Dari/Pashto, French, Amharic, and Tigrinya) and four autism specialists. The co-design identified five key design features: respecting diversity, prioritizing caregiver agency, increasing accessibility, minimizing stigma, and maximizing feasibility. These features informed the co-development of a novel pathway to access autism identification and care for culturally and linguistically diverse families that pairs navigation services with the dissemination of brief, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based parenting and coping strategies. This power-sharing, community-academic partnership may serve as a model for improving equity in autism care.Lay AbstractEarly, specialized support is important for helping young autistic children learn and develop. However, families from different cultural backgrounds often find it challenging to access this early help. A university lab and a community organization worked together to create a new way for these families to access autism services. We used a co-design approach, which involves gathering feedback from a variety of people involved in autism care, including service providers, community leaders, caregivers, and autism experts. Twenty-three individuals participated in eight co-design sessions that were two hours each. Participants were from different language groups, including Somali Mai Mai, Swahili, Arabic, Dari/Pashto, French, Amharic, and Tigrinya. These sessions helped us identify five important factors important for improving access to needed services: being mindful about cultural differences between groups, empowering caregivers, providing information and support for accessing services, reducing stigma around autism, and ensuring the service is practical to use. Based on these factors, we developed a new pathway for families to access autism care. This new approach includes providing help in navigating the medical and educational systems and provides short, culturally appropriate advice for parenting and coping.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613251335702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autistic-led insights on airport accessibility: A retrospective analysis of environmental assessments.","authors":"Chris Edwards, Abigail Ma Love, Ru Ying Cai, Tom Tutton, Emma Beardsley, Vicki Gibbs","doi":"10.1177/13623613251337200","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613251337200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autistic people often encounter significant barriers when navigating airports, largely due to overwhelming sensory environments, stringent security procedures, and crowded spaces. This study aimed to enhance understanding of airport accessibility by retrospectively analyzing reports from Autistic-led environmental assessments conducted at six Australian airports between 2017 and 2024. Drawing on an evidence-informed autism-friendly framework, the assessments focused on eight key elements, including sensory adaptations, communication supports, and preparation and predictability. Through reflexive thematic analysis, two key themes were generated: (1) navigating the sensory landscape and (2) help passengers navigate with confidence. Our findings underscore the importance of sensory adjustments-such as natural lighting and quiet spaces-alongside clearer visual aids and communication supports. Importantly, this study represents the first systematic application of autism-friendly principles to airport environments, offering practical, evidence-based recommendations for more inclusive design. By foregrounding the perspectives of Autistic individuals, this research highlights the need for participatory design approaches to create public spaces that are genuinely accessible and supportive for Autistic travelersLay abstractAirports can be challenging for Autistic people because of overwhelming sensory experiences like bright lights and loud noises, security processes, and crowded spaces. This study analyzed reports from six Australian airports, produced between 2017 and 2024, to understand how airports can be made better for Autistic travelers. These reports were based on assessments led by Autistic people and used a specific framework to evaluate areas like sensory experiences and communication needs. The study found two main ways to improve accessibility: (1) reducing sensory challenges, like loud noises or bright, overwhelming areas, and (2) improving communication and wayfinding to make navigation clearer and easier. Some of the recommendations included providing quiet spaces for travelers, using softer and more natural lighting, and improving signs to make it easier for people to navigate airports. This is the first study to apply autism-friendly principles to airports and shows the importance of involving Autistic people in the design of more inclusive public spaces. The findings offer practical recommendations for airports around the world to better support Autistic travelers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613251337200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic group differences in service utilization in children with autism spectrum disorder: The role of parental stigma.","authors":"Karla Rivera-Figueroa, Stephanie Milan, Thyde Dumont-Mathieu, Diane Quinn, Inge-Marie Eigsti","doi":"10.1177/13623613241298043","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613241298043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Racial and ethnic disparities in service utilization in autism are widely documented. Autism-related parental stigma may play a role if parents from racial/ethnic minoritized backgrounds experience dual stigma from autism and from membership in a marginalized group. This study examines racial/ethnic differences in autism-related stigma and compares the impact of stigma on service utilization in a large, diverse sample of US-based parents of autistic children (final sample = 764; White 41.6%, Black 16.6%, Latino/a/x/Hispanic 20.9%, Asian 7.5%, Multiracial 9.6%, Native American 1.8%, Pacific Islander 0.5%, Middle Eastern 0.2%, and Other 0.2%). Parents completed online surveys assessing affiliate and community stigma, service utilization, and perceived unmet treatment needs. Small but significant racial/ethnic group differences emerged in some aspects of stigma and service utilization. Specifically, Asian and Latino/a/x parents were less likely to fully engage in recommended services; Asian parents endorsed less service availability; Latino/a/x and multiracial parents reported more unmet needs; and Asian and White parents reported significantly more affiliate stigma. There was little indication that stigma contributed to racial/ethnic differences in service utilization, except for Asian families. Results indicate that socioeconomic factors interact with race/ethnicity to impact service use and stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"1171-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"You should smile more\": Population-level sex differences in smiling also exist in autistic people.","authors":"Casey J Zampella, Julia Parish-Morris, Jessica Foy, Meredith Cola, Robert T Schultz, John D Herrington","doi":"10.1177/13623613241301113","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613241301113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Societal expectations for social-emotional behavior differ across sexes; however, diagnostic definitions of autism do not account for this when delineating \"typical\" versus \"atypical.\" This study examines sex differences in autism in one behavior associated with strong gender biases: smiling. Computer vision was used to quantify smiling in 60 autistic (20 female) and 67 neurotypical (25 female) youth during conversations. Effects of sex and diagnosis were examined on degree of smiling, smile prototypicality, changes in smiling, and impact of smiling on interaction quality. Sex differences in smiling persisted across diagnosis groups: females smiled more than males, and their smiles were more prototypical. Autistic youth smiled less, and less prototypically, than neurotypical youth, with no sex by diagnosis interactions. In autism, the association between smile activity and interaction quality approached statistical significance, seemingly driven by autistic males but not females. Findings are consistent with population trends for females to smile more during social exchanges and \"display rules\" requiring more positive expressivity from females. Autism has historically been defined based on differences between autistic and neurotypical <i>males</i>. Failure to acknowledge sex-based differences in social-emotional behavior may leave some females appearing to have fewer autistic traits, increasing their risk of being under-identified and misunderstood.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"1236-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}