Autism最新文献_第4页

A qualitative exploration of the experience of autistic females in Hong Kong.

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241295318

Gary Yu Hin Lam, Constance Kit Ching Chow, Sibyl Wai Chan

{"title":"A qualitative exploration of the experience of autistic females in Hong Kong.","authors":"Gary Yu Hin Lam, Constance Kit Ching Chow, Sibyl Wai Chan","doi":"10.1177/13623613241295318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241295318","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: There are more males than females with autism. One of the reasons can be that we do not understand autistic females well. Some research in Western cultures has begun to document the lived experience of autistic females, but no such studies are conducted with Chinese autistic females. This study explored the first-person experience of living with autism in Hong Kong autistic women. We conducted qualitative interviews with 13 women with a formal diagnosis of autism or self-diagnosed as autistic. We used semi-structured interviews to discuss how they came to recognize or identify with autism, their diagnostic experience, and their understanding of autistic females. We summarized several broad themes that depicted their experience. Participants recognized autism in themselves when seeing other autistic people. They indicated mental health challenges that led them to seek help from professionals, who might sometimes reject their concerns about autism. Participants found it meaningful to have an autism diagnosis or identity, but other people's judgment would affect their self-understanding. Participants also described themselves different from the stereotypes of autism, not the same as autistic males, and were perceived by others as not autistic enough. Our findings suggested autistic women in Hong Kong faced challenges in identity development and support services. There is a need to increase awareness and knowledge about autism in professionals and the public. Understanding how unique cultural factors that influence the identity of autistic women or individuals in Chinese cultures is important to promote their well-being.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241295318"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suitability of the DSM-5 social anxiety disorder severity scale for autistic adults.

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241290547

Simon G Brett, Jacquiline E den Houting, Melissa H Black, Lauren P Lawson, Julian Trollor, Samuel Rc Arnold

{"title":"Suitability of the DSM-5 social anxiety disorder severity scale for autistic adults.","authors":"Simon G Brett, Jacquiline E den Houting, Melissa H Black, Lauren P Lawson, Julian Trollor, Samuel Rc Arnold","doi":"10.1177/13623613241290547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290547","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Mental health measures used with autistic adults are often only evaluated for use with non-autistic adults, which may cause inaccurate measurement. This is important when measuring social anxiety disorder as some features overlap with social characteristics of autism. This study evaluated one self-report questionnaire measure of social anxiety disorder, the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder. The Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder is based upon criteria for diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, and we aimed to understand its suitability for autistic adults. The Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder was completed by 284 autistic adults and 80 non-autistic adults who were then asked five follow-up questions about ambiguous questions on the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder. We found that over half our sample of autistic adults, on at least one question, attributed their answer to something other than anxiety. Furthermore, in autistic adults, one underlying construct of social anxiety did not link their answers on the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder together, suggesting the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder might not be suited to capturing social anxiety disorder in autistic adults. To improve measurement, we rescored answers where participants said their response was due to something other than social anxiety, however, the rescored Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder did not only capture social anxiety in autistic adults either. Finally, we analysed the reasons other than social anxiety autistic adults said influenced their answers. We grouped their responses into 10 categories, for example, 'fatigue', 'sensory overwhelm', and 'masking'. Overall, our findings suggest caution when using the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder with autistic adults, and the categories identified may suggest how to measure social anxiety more accurately in autistic adults.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241290547"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental health care use of autistic adults: Identifying longitudinal patterns using sequence analysis. 自闭症成人使用心理保健的情况：利用序列分析确定纵向模式。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241304513

Iris Selten, Tim Ziermans, Iris Rapoport, Kim Jonkman, Hilde M Geurts

{"title":"Mental health care use of autistic adults: Identifying longitudinal patterns using sequence analysis.","authors":"Iris Selten, Tim Ziermans, Iris Rapoport, Kim Jonkman, Hilde M Geurts","doi":"10.1177/13623613241304513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241304513","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Many autistic adults experience co-occurring mental health problems, which have a negative effect on their well-being and result in increased use of mental health services. To improve mental healthcare for autistic adults, a better understanding is needed of what type of support they use in real life. Clinical guidelines recommend three kinds of mental health interventions: therapy, counseling, and medication. We investigated the use of these types of interventions in a sample of 445 autistic adults (aged 18-87 years) across a 5-to-7-year period. We found evidence for four different patterns of intervention use, or so-called subgroups: (1) least intervention use, (2) mostly counseling, (3) mostly medication, and (4) mixed intervention use. The group with mixed intervention use consisted of relatively more females and individuals with co-occurring psychiatric conditions, especially compared to the subgroup with the least intervention use. It appeared that many, but not all, autistic individuals used mental health services for an extended period. However, there was considerable variability in the type, combination, and duration of intervention use. This means that determining the optimal support for autistic adults is often a complex task, which requires collaboration of clinical experts and autistic individuals themselves, to make informed decisions.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241304513"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review of ecological momentary assessment in autism research.

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241305722

Yixin Chen, Zhenyang Xi, Talya Greene, Will Mandy

{"title":"A systematic review of ecological momentary assessment in autism research.","authors":"Yixin Chen, Zhenyang Xi, Talya Greene, Will Mandy","doi":"10.1177/13623613241305722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241305722","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Ecological momentary assessments assess people's in-the-moment thoughts and behaviours in their daily lives in natural environments. The number of ecological momentary assessment studies with autistic people has increased over the last decade. For the first time, this review (1) summarises how well ecological momentary assessment works for allowing autistic people to describe and express their thoughts, emotions and experiences, and (2) provides suggestions for the design of ecological momentary assessment to make this research method more accessible to future autistic participants. In total, we synthesised participation experiences from 930 autistic people. Overall, ecological momentary assessment is generally acceptable for autistic adults aged from 18 to 60 and with average or above-average intelligence and language. We also identified several issues in the ecological momentary assessment procedure and suggested researchers consider these when designing future ecological momentary assessment studies with autistic people. The findings of this review provide evidence that ecological momentary assessment can be used to investigate many different questions with autistic people and suggest a wider application of ecological momentary assessment in future studies with autistic people.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241305722"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Policing Black autistic children: A qualitative approach to understanding Black caregivers' concerns.

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241303549

Ashlee Yates Flanagan, Meredith Cola, Naomi Yu, Haley Peele, Keeana Dicette, Grace Hicks, Maggie Rose Pelella, Ayana King-Pointer, Jamiel Owens, Dieu M Truong, Aili Hauptmann, Juan Pacheco, Alison Russell, Amanda Lee, Sarah Schillinger, Maxine Covello, Meg Lyons, Rita Solórzano, Sinan Turnacioglu, Vijay Ravindran, Joseph P McCleery, Judith S Miller, Julia Parish-Morris

{"title":"Policing Black autistic children: A qualitative approach to understanding Black caregivers' concerns.","authors":"Ashlee Yates Flanagan, Meredith Cola, Naomi Yu, Haley Peele, Keeana Dicette, Grace Hicks, Maggie Rose Pelella, Ayana King-Pointer, Jamiel Owens, Dieu M Truong, Aili Hauptmann, Juan Pacheco, Alison Russell, Amanda Lee, Sarah Schillinger, Maxine Covello, Meg Lyons, Rita Solórzano, Sinan Turnacioglu, Vijay Ravindran, Joseph P McCleery, Judith S Miller, Julia Parish-Morris","doi":"10.1177/13623613241303549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241303549","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: In the United States, Black autistic youth face elevated risk of negative outcomes during police interactions. Although the outcomes of these interactions are well-documented, less is known about Black autistic youths' experiences during police encounters, as the current literature has largely examined the experiences of autistic adults, mostly White American samples, and/or autistic youth abroad. This study utilizes qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and concerns of 43 Black caregivers (N = 43; 98% parents; 2% legal guardians; 93% mothers) of Black autistic children (mean age: 16.5; 79% male) regarding police interactions with their autistic children. Through phenomenological analysis, four dominant themes emerged: concerns regarding the Quality of police officers' training, children's Autistic behaviors being inappropriately policed, the explicit Threat of harm and murder, and the hope for Mindful Policing. These findings demonstrate that caregivers' perceptions of police behavior are inextricably linked to their concerns about the quality of police officers' training. This study highlights (1) the importance of including racially and ethnically diverse individuals in research exploring autistic individuals' police interactions, (2) the need for culturally responsive and neuro-affirming adaptations to existing policing interventions designed for autistic people, and (3) the urgency of integrating Black caregivers' concerns into law enforcement training efforts.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241303549"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health care transition for autistic adolescents and young adults: A pilot rural and urban comparison survey study.

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241304495

E Zhang, Makenna Snyder, Wafaa Alduraidi, Ezra Kaiser, Spencer Hunley, Lacy Wright, Rebecca Swinburne Romine, Eve-Lynn Nelson, Nancy Cheak-Zamora

{"title":"Health care transition for autistic adolescents and young adults: A pilot rural and urban comparison survey study.","authors":"E Zhang, Makenna Snyder, Wafaa Alduraidi, Ezra Kaiser, Spencer Hunley, Lacy Wright, Rebecca Swinburne Romine, Eve-Lynn Nelson, Nancy Cheak-Zamora","doi":"10.1177/13623613241304495","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613241304495","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Autistic adolescents and young adults in rural areas face significant challenges in health care transition compared to their urban counterparts. Health care transition, the process of moving from pediatric to adult health care, is crucial for the long-term health outcomes of adolescents and young adults. Previous research indicates rural adolescents and young adults often have greater unmet medical and financial needs, affecting their transition experiences, but there was no study focusing on rural autistic adolescents and young adults' health care transition experiences. This pilot study provides a comparative analysis of the health care transition experiences of rural and urban autistic adolescents and young adults. Ninety-six urban and 84 rural participants (14-25 years old) participated in the study. Their average age was 19.67 years. Just over half of the participants had completed the transition to adult care, typically reporting finishing this process at around 18 years old. A majority had limited discussions with their doctors about transitioning, and those who had discussions often started these conversations late. It also reveals that the responses completed by or with parents of autistic adolescents and young adults tend to indicate that the adolescents and young adults would not make future medical decisions or are uncertain about it. The findings underscore the necessity for targeted support for autistic adolescents and young adults during their health care transition process, regardless of their residence. There is a clear need for targeted health care transition interventions for adolescents and young adults, parents, and health care providers to ensure autistic adolescents and young adults and their families receive adequate support during the health care transition process.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241304495"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short report on a distinct electroencephalogram endophenotype for MTHFR gene variation co-occurring in autism spectrum disorder. 关于自闭症谱系障碍中并发 MTHFR 基因变异的独特脑电图内表型的简短报告。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241305721

Uchenna Ezedinma, Evan Jones, Alexander Ring, Spencer Miller, Andrew Ladhams, Shauna Fjaagesund, Terri Downer, Gary Campbell, Florin Oprescu

{"title":"Short report on a distinct electroencephalogram endophenotype for MTHFR gene variation co-occurring in autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Uchenna Ezedinma, Evan Jones, Alexander Ring, Spencer Miller, Andrew Ladhams, Shauna Fjaagesund, Terri Downer, Gary Campbell, Florin Oprescu","doi":"10.1177/13623613241305721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241305721","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations refer to genetic variations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme, which plays an important role in folate metabolism. Folate is essential for neural development and signalling. Children with autism spectrum disorder have atypical neural signals compared with control. This study used a non-invasive method to identify a distinct neural signal that may be useful in future screening for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation in children with autism spectrum disorder. Given that the underlying causes of autism spectrum disorder have multiple genetic factors and often require subjective assessment, this study introduces a potential non-invasive screening method for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation. This method could provide valuable biomarkers for screening and personalised treatments, offering hope for improved risk stratification and bespoke nutritional support and supplements to mitigate the impact on affected individuals and their descendants.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241305721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Secondary effects of dialectical behaviour therapy on social functioning, quality of life, and autism traits in autistic adults with suicidality. 辩证行为疗法对有自杀倾向的成年自闭症患者的社会功能、生活质量和自闭症特征的次要影响。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241302875

Anne Huntjens, Lmc Wies van den Bosch, Bram Sizoo, Ad Kerkhof, Filip Smit, Mark van der Gaag

{"title":"Secondary effects of dialectical behaviour therapy on social functioning, quality of life, and autism traits in autistic adults with suicidality.","authors":"Anne Huntjens, Lmc Wies van den Bosch, Bram Sizoo, Ad Kerkhof, Filip Smit, Mark van der Gaag","doi":"10.1177/13623613241302875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241302875","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Dialectical behaviour therapy is a comprehensive treatment that helps individuals improve distress tolerance, mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness and emotion regulation. It is commonly used to assist those experiencing self-harm and suicidal thoughts or behaviours. Despite its broad application, our understanding of how dialectical behaviour therapy impacts autistic individuals with suicidal behaviour remains limited. This study compared dialectical behaviour therapy with treatment as usual in 123 autistic adults experiencing suicidal behaviours. Participants were recruited from six mental health centres, with 63 receiving dialectical behaviour therapy and 60 receiving treatment as usual. The study assessed outcomes such as social functioning, quality of life and specific autism traits over 12 months. Findings revealed that dialectical behaviour therapy led to significant improvements in social functioning and quality of life compared to treatment as usual, though there were no effects on autism traits. These improvements suggest that dialectical behaviour therapy holds promise as an effective treatment for autistic individuals grappling with suicidal behaviour. The findings strongly support the broader implementation of dialectical behaviour therapy in mental health centres, especially given the limited treatment options available for autistic individuals with suicidal tendencies.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241302875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender and family-role portrayals of autism in British newspapers: An intersectional corpus-based study.

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241303547

Themis Karaminis, Costas Gabrielatos, Ursula Maden-Weinberger, Geoffrey Beattie

{"title":"Gender and family-role portrayals of autism in British newspapers: An intersectional corpus-based study.","authors":"Themis Karaminis, Costas Gabrielatos, Ursula Maden-Weinberger, Geoffrey Beattie","doi":"10.1177/13623613241303547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241303547","url":null,"abstract":"A recent large-scale study on the portrayal of autism in British newspapers revealed a deficit-based coverage, which concentrated on children and boys in particular, typically represented from the mothers' perspective. This follow-up study refines these representations, considering how they differ by gender and family role. We analysed 2998 text samples, which discussed autism in the context of four combinations of gender and family roles, namely, BOY, GIRL, FATHER and MOTHER. These samples included sources with different publication dates, reporting style and political orientation. Autism representations remained negative regardless of gender and family role. Over time, stories about autistic girls started to emerge, identifying them as a distinct group explicitly compared to autistic boys. Newspapers, especially broadsheets, associated girls with diagnostic difficulties, camouflaging and sometimes gender dysphoria - discussed particularly for those assigned female at birth. The child's autism was more often attributed to maternal than paternal behaviours or lifestyle. Autistic mothers were mentioned more often than fathers and were portrayed negatively. We conclude that newspapers portray female autism as less significant than male autism and, in addition, place mothers under more ethical scrutiny than fathers. These disparities reflect both historical biases in autism research and gender and family-role stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241303547"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adapting an early autism caregiver coaching intervention for telehealth delivery in low-resource settings: A South African study of the 'what' and the 'why'.

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241300774

Marisa Viljoen, Noleen Seris, Nokuthula Shabalala, Minkateko Ndlovu, Petrus J de Vries, Lauren Franz

{"title":"Adapting an early autism caregiver coaching intervention for telehealth delivery in low-resource settings: A South African study of the 'what' and the 'why'.","authors":"Marisa Viljoen, Noleen Seris, Nokuthula Shabalala, Minkateko Ndlovu, Petrus J de Vries, Lauren Franz","doi":"10.1177/13623613241300774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241300774","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: We were busy with an early autism caregiver-coaching programme in South Africa, when COVID-19 stopped all in-person work. We changed the programme so it could be done using computers and/or phones. Here, we describe programme changes (which we call the 'what') and the reasons for those changes (which we call the 'why'). We used a tool called the Framework for Modification and Adaptations (FRAME) to describe the 'what', and the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to describe the 'why' of our programme changes. The team members who helped make these changes checked that the changes described were correct. We made 10 changes in total: we used WhatsApp to deliver the programme, made simple pictures with words as visual tools for the programme, changed some session activities, changed a self-reflection checklist, provided all activities online, changed the way assessment and consent was done, made a session recording guide, sent things needed for sessions by email and WhatsApp, and made a caregiver-child play recording guide. The reasons for changes (the 'why') were about factors outside schools (the types of phones and data people had, WhatsApp security rules, COVID-19 rules), things inside schools/workplace (about the caregivers and nonspecialists themselves, ethics boards, things about the school itself), and support from people who developed the programme. Changes were made by working with things inside schools/workplace that could change. Identifying what could change helped focus and guide which changes were made to a programme.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"13623613241300774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0