IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241273042

Lyazzat Kosherbayeva, Laura Kozhageldiyeva, Yolanda Pena-Boquete, Aizhan Samambayeva, Maria Seredenko

{"title":"Effects of autism spectrum disorder on parents labour market: Productivity loss and policy evaluation in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Lyazzat Kosherbayeva, Laura Kozhageldiyeva, Yolanda Pena-Boquete, Aizhan Samambayeva, Maria Seredenko","doi":"10.1177/13623613241273042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241273042","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Kazakhstan has witnessed a significant increase in the number of Autism Spectrum Disorder cases due to the implementation of mechanisms for early detection. However, despite these efforts, accessing quality services and effective interventions for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder remains challenging. While the government has implemented various policies to address the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder on the labour market, especially for those with disabilities, the effectiveness of these policies needs to be evaluated. Therefore, this article aims to estimate the loss of productivity by calculating the cost of non-working for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. To achieve this goal, we combine data from official sources with data from our own survey to estimate the loss of productivity using human capital models. In addition, we conduct policy simulations to assess the impact of the existing policy implemented in Kazakhstan that recognises the time of caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and disability as working in the paid labour market. Our results reveal that the productivity loss is substantial, with mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder being particularly affected. Furthermore, based on the outcomes of the policy simulations, it becomes evident that policies solely targeting parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and disability are insufficient to address the labour market gaps and the consequent loss of productivity. To effectively mitigate the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the labour market, a more comprehensive approach is needed. This approach should encompass a broader range of interventions and support mechanisms, including those for individuals without disabilities and parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(Re)thinking about self-harm and autism: Findings from an online qualitative study on self-harm in autistic adults. (对自残和自闭症的（重新）思考：关于自闭症成人自我伤害的在线定性研究结果。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241271931

Sarah Je Marsden, Rachael Eastham, Alexandra Kaley

{"title":"(Re)thinking about self-harm and autism: Findings from an online qualitative study on self-harm in autistic adults.","authors":"Sarah Je Marsden, Rachael Eastham, Alexandra Kaley","doi":"10.1177/13623613241271931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241271931","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: There is a higher prevalence of self-harming behaviours within the autistic community than is experienced by the general population, in addition to co-occurring mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. To date, research has focused on quantifying and categorising the numbers of autistic people self-harming, what types of harming they are engaging in and what functions the harming performs. Autism research has historically focused on the opinions and experiences of parents, carers and clinicians, with a belief that autistic people are unable to present their own experiences and thoughts accurately. This study adopted a qualitative method to develop themes arising from online forum discussions, using the words of autistic adults talking about how they experience and understand their self-harming behaviours. The analysis discovered that self-harming behaviours are used by autistic people as a way of coping with anxiety and depression and to relieve the build up of stress and sensory or mental overload that can otherwise lead to a meltdown. Repetitive behaviours such as stimming are also used to relieve the buildup of sensory over-stimulation and anxiety, but both stimming and meltdowns can also be self-harming behaviours if they cause tissue damage, and are believed to be childhood presentations which are stigmatised if expressed by an autistic adult. Many autistic adults find it hard to get help with self-harming behaviours because they are not taken seriously by professionals, as it is seen as part of autism and cannot be helped, or the professionals do not have enough knowledge of autism.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors mediating pre-existing autism diagnosis and later suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A follow-up cohort study. 自闭症诊断与日后自杀想法和行为之间的中介因素：一项后续队列研究。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231223626

Jung-Chi Chang, Meng-Chuan Lai, Shu-Sen Chang, Susan Shur-Fen Gau

{"title":"Factors mediating pre-existing autism diagnosis and later suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A follow-up cohort study.","authors":"Jung-Chi Chang, Meng-Chuan Lai, Shu-Sen Chang, Susan Shur-Fen Gau","doi":"10.1177/13623613231223626","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613231223626","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Autistic people are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The underlying relationships between potential risk factors and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in autistic individuals remain unclear. To understand this, we investigated whether specific factors in childhood/youth explain the effects of pre-existing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses on later suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence/adulthood. We assessed internalizing and externalizing problems, bullying experiences, and executive functions (including cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, and spatial working memory) at an average baseline age of 13.4 years and suicidal thoughts and behaviors at an average follow-up age of 19.2 years among 129 autistic and 121 typically developing (TD) individuals. During the follow-up period in adolescence/adulthood, autistic individuals were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than TD individuals. Being bullied partially accounted for the relationship between a pre-existing ASD diagnosis and later-reported higher suicidal thoughts. Contrary to our hypothesis, higher (instead of lower) cognitive flexibility in some autistic young people appeared to partially explain their higher rates of suicidal thoughts compared with typically developing young people. The findings imply that school bullying prevention and tailored intervention programs for autistic people, especially those with higher cognitive flexibility, are warranted to reduce their risks of experiencing suicidal thoughts.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suicide risk in transition-aged autistic youth: The link among executive function, depression, and autistic traits. 过渡期自闭症青少年的自杀风险：执行功能、抑郁和自闭症特征之间的联系。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241227983

Michal L Cook, Brianne Tomaszewski, Elena Lamarche, Karrah Bowman, Claire B Klein, Sara Stahl, Laura G Klinger

{"title":"Suicide risk in transition-aged autistic youth: The link among executive function, depression, and autistic traits.","authors":"Michal L Cook, Brianne Tomaszewski, Elena Lamarche, Karrah Bowman, Claire B Klein, Sara Stahl, Laura G Klinger","doi":"10.1177/13623613241227983","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613241227983","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Autistic people are more likely to consider suicide than non-autistic people, with transition-aged youth (ages 16-21 years) at potentially the highest risk. Research has also shown that difficulties with executive functioning (e.g., difficulties with organization, sequencing, and decision-making) may heighten suicide risk among non-autistic people, but it is not clear whether this is also true for autistic people. This study explored this question by asking 183 transition-aged autistic youth about their experience with suicidal behavior and examining the relationship between their responses and additional measures of depression, autistic traits, and executive function skills. About one-third of autistic transition-aged youth (33.3%) said that they had experienced thoughts of hurting themselves with the intent to end their lives (i.e., suicidal ideation). Both depression and executive function challenges predicted suicide risk (i.e., participants who experienced depression were more likely to have had suicidal thoughts than those who had not, and participants who had more difficulty with executive function skills were more likely to have had suicidal thoughts than those who had less difficulty). These findings suggest that executive functioning, a common area of difficulty among autistic people, is an important indicator of suicide risk in this population.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139715685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occurrence and predictors of lifetime suicidality and suicidal ideation in autistic adults. 自闭症成人终生自杀和自杀意念的发生和预测因素。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231225901

J van Bentum, M Sijbrandij, M Huibers, S Begeer

{"title":"Occurrence and predictors of lifetime suicidality and suicidal ideation in autistic adults.","authors":"J van Bentum, M Sijbrandij, M Huibers, S Begeer","doi":"10.1177/13623613231225901","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613231225901","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Over the past few years, more and more research is showing that many autistic people are at an increased risk for suicide. In this study, we asked participants from the Netherlands Autism Register, which is longitudinal register including individuals with autism, about their possible experiences with thoughts and feelings about suicide. Specifically, we looked at whether these thoughts and feelings in their lifetime and in the past month were related to various factors (such as their age, gender, and having psychiatric disorder diagnoses). We found that 80% of the participants had experienced thoughts about or even attempted to take their own life at least once throughout their lifetime. Furthermore, in a subgroup of participants, we found that the presence of a psychiatric disorder diagnosis, feelings of loneliness, and a higher number of autistic traits were associated with experiencing suicidal thoughts and feelings in their lifetime. For those who experienced these suicidal thoughts in the past month, we found that having (multiple) psychiatric disorder diagnoses and a higher number of autistic traits were related to more severe and frequent thoughts about suicide in the past month. Our findings show that additional factors in autistic individuals should be considered when assessing the suicide risk, and it brings us one step closer to understanding why suicide is more common for autistic people.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11408986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139715684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychometric exploration of the RAADS-R with autistic adults: Implications for research and clinical practice. 自闭症成人 RAADS-R 心理计量学探索：对研究和临床实践的启示。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241228329

Alexandra Sturm, Sijia Huang, Vanessa Bal, Ben Schwartzman

{"title":"Psychometric exploration of the RAADS-R with autistic adults: Implications for research and clinical practice.","authors":"Alexandra Sturm, Sijia Huang, Vanessa Bal, Ben Schwartzman","doi":"10.1177/13623613241228329","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613241228329","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Surveys used to screen for autism are being used much more by adults. Adults and clinicians want to be confident that the results from their surveys are accurate. If scores are not accurate, it is not possible to compare the scores of different groups of individuals. There are also concerns that these surveys do not accurately identify autistic individuals. This study explored the accuracy of two commonly used autism screening surveys for adults: the RAADS-R and the RAADS-14. The accuracy of these two screening tools was measured using a sample of 839 adults. Adults in the study were in one of the following categories: (1) diagnosed with autism, (2) adults who considered themselves to be autistic but had not been diagnosed, (3) adults who were unsure whether they were autistic, and (4) adults who did not consider themselves to be autistic and had not been diagnosed. The study found that the RAADS-R and the RAADS-14 are accurate. The study also found that a person's age, gender, autism diagnosis, or whether an individual considered themselves to be autistic did not impact how they understood the survey. Survey accuracy could be improved by changing the number of question responses from four to two. Importantly, individuals with a clinical diagnosis of autism and those who considered themselves to be autistic responded to survey items in a very similar way. Individuals with autism diagnoses and those who were unsure whether they were autistic were more different in their responses. Four specific survey items related to sensory experiences and social interaction identified key differences between autistic and non-autistic adults.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of autism and alexithymia traits in behavioral and neural indicators of self-concept and self-esteem in adolescence. 自闭症和亚历山大症特征在青春期自我概念和自尊的行为和神经指标中的作用。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241232860

Renske van der Cruijsen, Sander Begeer, Eveline A Crone

{"title":"The role of autism and alexithymia traits in behavioral and neural indicators of self-concept and self-esteem in adolescence.","authors":"Renske van der Cruijsen, Sander Begeer, Eveline A Crone","doi":"10.1177/13623613241232860","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613241232860","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Developing a positive view of the self is important for maintaining a good mental health, as feeling negative about the self increases the risk of developing internalizing symptoms such as feelings of depression and anxiety. Even though autistic individuals regularly struggle with these internalizing feelings, and both self-concept and internalizing feelings are known to develop during adolescence, there is a lack of studies investigating the development of positive self-concept and self-esteem in autistic adolescents. Here, we studied academic, physical, and prosocial self-concept as well as self-esteem in adolescent males with and without autism on both the behavioral and neural level. We additionally focused on similarities in one's own and peers' perspectives on the self, and we assessed a potential role of alexithymia (i.e. having trouble identifying and describing one's feelings) in developing a more negative view of the self. Results showed that there were no group differences in self-esteem, self-concept, or underlying neural activation. This shows that autistic adolescent males use the same neural processes when they evaluate their traits. However, regardless of clinical diagnosis, a higher number of autism traits was related to a less positive physical and prosocial self-concept, whereas more difficulty identifying one's feelings was related to lowered self-esteem and less activation in medial prefrontal cortex during self-evaluations. Therefore, in treatment of autistic adolescents with low self-esteem, it is important to take into account and possibly aim to improve alexithymic traits as well.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139970774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What are the autism research priorities of autistic adults in Scotland? 苏格兰成人自闭症患者的自闭症研究重点是什么？

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231222656

Eilidh Cage, Catherine J Crompton, Sarah Dantas, Khiah Strachan, Rachel Birch, Mark Robinson, Stasa Morgan-Appel, Charlie MacKenzie-Nash, Aaron Gallagher, Monique Botha

{"title":"What are the autism research priorities of autistic adults in Scotland?","authors":"Eilidh Cage, Catherine J Crompton, Sarah Dantas, Khiah Strachan, Rachel Birch, Mark Robinson, Stasa Morgan-Appel, Charlie MacKenzie-Nash, Aaron Gallagher, Monique Botha","doi":"10.1177/13623613231222656","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613231222656","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Although research has the potential to improve autistic people's lives, lots of funding goes towards research looking at topics which autistic people say has little impact in their everyday lives. Autistic people's lives can be different depending on where they live, and Scotland is a unique country in many ways. We wanted to find out which topics autistic people in Scotland want to see research on. Our team of autistic and non-autistic researchers (including university-based and community researchers) created a survey where 225 autistic adults rated and ranked the importance of possible research topics and shared their thoughts on what topics mattered to them. The five most important topics were mental health and well-being, identifying and diagnosing autistic people, support services (including healthcare and social care), non-autistic people's knowledge and attitudes and issues impacting autistic women. The three least important topics were genetics or biological aspects of autism, autism treatments/interventions and causes of autism. Our findings indicate that autistic people in Scotland want research to focus on things that matter to their day-to-day lives. Also, the Scottish government says they will be listening to autistic people in their latest policy plans, and we believe that considering autistic people's research priorities is an important part of this. Our findings also add to growing calls for change to happen in how and what autism researchers do research on.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mortality risk among Autistic children and young people: A nationwide birth cohort study. 自闭症儿童和青少年的死亡风险：全国出生队列研究。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231224015

Hien Vu, Nicholas Bowden, Sheree Gibb, Richard Audas, Joanne Dacombe, Laurie McLay, Andrew Sporle, Hilary Stace, Barry Taylor, Hiran Thabrew, Reremoana Theodore, Jessica Tupou, Philip J Schluter

引用次数: 0

Developmental associations between motor and communication outcomes in Fragile X syndrome: Variation in the context of co-occurring autism. 脆性 X 综合征患者运动和沟通能力之间的发展关联：自闭症并发情况下的差异。

IF 5.2 2区心理学

Autism Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231225498

Elizabeth A Will, Kimberly J Hills, Kayla Smith, Samuel McQuillin, Jane E Roberts

{"title":"Developmental associations between motor and communication outcomes in Fragile X syndrome: Variation in the context of co-occurring autism.","authors":"Elizabeth A Will, Kimberly J Hills, Kayla Smith, Samuel McQuillin, Jane E Roberts","doi":"10.1177/13623613231225498","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613231225498","url":null,"abstract":"Lay abstract: Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable cause of intellectual disability, has a co-occurrence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) estimated at ~60%. Children with FXS experience delayed achievement and slower development of key motor abilities, which happens to an even greater extent for children with both FXS and ASD. A multitude of studies have demonstrated that motor abilities are foundational skills related to later communication outcomes in neurotypical development, as well as in the context of ASD. However, these associations remain unexamined in FXS, or FXS + ASD. In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between early motor skills and their rate of development on communication outcomes in FXS. Furthermore, we investigated whether these associations varied in the context of co-occurring FXS + ASD. Results revealed within-FXS variation in the context of co-occurring ASD between some aspects of motor development and communication outcomes, yet within-FXS consistency between others. Findings provide evidence for variability in developmental processes and outcomes in FXS in the context of co-occurring ASD and offer implications for intervention.","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11380705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140058612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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