Autism最新文献

{"title":"Extent and Rigor of Cultural Adaptations in Social Communication Interventions for Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vipula Rajesh Kumar, Aditi Iyer, Theresa Pham, Marie Y Savundranayagam, Sheila T Moodie, Janis Oram","doi":"10.1177/13623613261455374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261455374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social communication interventions to support autistic people are primarily developed and tested in Western countries with predominantly White, English-speaking participants. Although numerous frameworks have been developed to adapt these interventions for diverse ethnocultural groups, the quality of these adaptations is not well understood. This review used the Cultural Adaptation Checklist (CAC) to appraise the quality of cultural adaptations of social communication interventions for autistic children and adolescents. Searches across eight databases identified 16 studies involving 474 participants. Included studies reflected seven different culturally adapted interventions delivered across 12 countries in 11 languages. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using QualSyst, and data were analyzed through narrative synthesis. All studies demonstrated at least adequate methodological quality, but only three reported using a specific framework to guide their cultural adaptations. The extent of adaptations varied, with fulfillment of CAC items across studies ranging from 44% to 91%. This review highlights the need for more comprehensively reported cultural adaptations to best support the global autistic community. The CAC offers a useful framework that researchers can use to facilitate this process. Future research should examine to what extent cultural adaptations are needed and which types of adaptations best support desired intervention outcomes.Lay AbstractMany programs have been designed in Western countries to support social communication skills such as understanding others, making friends, and building relationships in autistic people. Those who participate in these programs have mainly been English-speaking participants, so the suitability of these programs to other language, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds remains unknown. To make programs more culturally and linguistically relevant, researchers have adapted them in several ways. This study looked at how well programs for autistic children and adolescents have been adapted for various communities. Using the Cultural Adaptation Checklist (CAC), we examined 16 studies and found that the amount of adaptations varied widely. Only three studies mentioned using a framework that guided their adaptations. Our findings show that although all studies described some level of cultural adaptation, very few reported on ensuring stronger community involvement or making the programs more accessible for all. Using tools like the CAC can help researchers and clinicians make programs more inclusive and relevant for autistic individuals and their families worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"2173-2190"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13494136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of a Caregiver-Assisted Group-Based Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Program for Autistic Preschoolers: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Guan-Jye Seng, Ji-Yu Lin, Wei-Lieh Huang, Hsin-Yu Lai, Wei-Chih Kao, Hao-Ling Chen, Susan Shur-Fen Gau","doi":"10.1177/13623613261462574","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261462574","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) effectively improve developmental, social, and adaptive outcomes in autistic children, with caregiver involvement further enhancing treatment effects. Although one-on-one NDBI programs are strongly supported by evidence, their reliance on high staff-to-child ratios and certified therapists limits scalability. Group-based NDBI models may represent a more feasible and cost-effective alternative, particularly when implemented with open-access fidelity frameworks and active caregiver participation. This pilot randomized controlled trial compared a caregiver-assisted, group-based NDBI program with a therapist-delivered one-on-one NDBI program in autistic children aged 2 to 5 years. Both interventions were administered twice weekly for 12 weeks, with fidelity monitored using the NDBI Fidelity (NDBI-Fi). Forty autistic children were enrolled, and 38 children were included in the final analyses. Both groups showed significant improvements over time in verbal development, social interaction, adaptive functioning, autistic symptoms, problem behaviors, and caregiver stress. A significant time-by-group interaction was observed for nonverbal development, with significant gains in the one-on-one NDBI group but not in the group-based condition. These preliminary findings suggest that a structured, caregiver-assisted group-based NDBI model that integrates caregivers' assistance, maintains intervention fidelity, and reduces staffing demands is feasible and associated with changes over time, indicating its potential as a scalable intervention approach.&lt;b&gt;Clinical trial registry:&lt;/b&gt; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06221943Lay AbstractEarly intervention can help young autistic children improve communication, learning, social skills, and daily functioning. One widely used approach, Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention (NDBI), teaches skills through play and everyday activities, while actively involving caregivers. However, traditional NDBI is typically delivered one-on-one by trained therapists, which can be costly and difficult for many families to access. This study evaluated a new, group-based NDBI program in which small groups of young children and their caregivers learned together with therapist guidance. Thirty-eight autistic children aged 2 to 5 years received two sessions per week over 12 weeks, with 19 receiving the group program and 19 receiving the therapist-delivered one-on-one intervention. Children in both groups showed meaningful improvements in language, social interaction, adaptive functioning, autistic symptoms, and behaviors. Caregivers in both groups also reported feeling less stressed. The group-based model was feasible and acceptable while supporting positive developmental changes. However, significant improvements in nonverbal development were observed only in the one-on-one intervention group. Overall, these findings suggest that caregiver-assisted group-based","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"2208-2224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148576796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Motor and Social Skills in Young Autistic Children Enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development.","authors":"Olivia M Pokoski, Hideko Engel, Sarah M Furnier, Ronald Gangnon, Patrick Powell, Nuri Reyes, Brittany G Travers, Lisa D Wiggins, Maureen S Durkin","doi":"10.1177/13623613261447759","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261447759","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Motor difficulties are common in autistic individuals and may contribute to challenges in social development. Understanding the association between motor and social skills could inform interventions to improve developmental outcomes. Using data from the Study to Explore Early Development-a large, diverse sample of rigorously characterized preschool-aged autistic children in the United States-we aimed to (a) describe the frequency of motor challenges using multiple standardized instruments; and (b) evaluate associations between motor and social skills. Children were identified from health and education organizations and birth records. Caregivers completed standardized interviews and questionnaires, and children completed comprehensive developmental evaluations to determine autism status. Among 2,039 children meeting the study autism criteria, 67.3% exhibited motor scores ⩾2 standard deviations below the mean on at least one measure. Motor difficulties were more prevalent in the fine motor (up to 63.4%) than gross motor (14.2%) domain and among children with significant visual reception delays (up to 92.8%) than those without these delays (up to 32.0%). After adjusting for covariates, fine motor skills were significantly associated with social challenges in both functional and autism-specific domains. These findings highlight the importance of motor development in early autism evaluations.Lay abstractMany autistic children have challenges with movement skills, such as crawling, walking, or using their hands for tasks like drawing or eating. These motor difficulties can also affect how children learn, play, and interact with others. Understanding how motor and social skills are connected may help improve early support for autistic children. This study used data from the Study to Explore Early Development, a large research project that included preschool-aged autistic children from diverse communities across the United States. Parents completed interviews and surveys about their child's development, and each child was evaluated by trained professionals to better understand their strengths and needs. We looked at over 2,000 autistic children and found that about 67% (two out of three) had motor skill scores that were well below what's typical for their age. Motor difficulties were more common when children used small muscles in the hands and fingers, like when drawing or eating, than when they used large muscles, like when crawling or walking. We also found that children with stronger motor skills tended to have fewer social challenges. These results show that motor delays are not only common in young autistic children but may also be linked to how they develop social skills. Spotting motor difficulties early could help families and professionals better support each child's development. Supporting motor skills in early childhood, along with communication and behavior, might help autistic children build stronger social connections. By raising awa","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"1971-1985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13225622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148051990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and Implementation of a Primary Care Health Check for Autistic People: Findings From Evaluation Questionnaires and Interviews.","authors":"Hannah Merrick, Helen Taylor, Barry Ingham, Tracy Finch, Sarah Al-Ashmori, Ruby Herrington, Clare Scarlett, Carole Buckley, Sally-Ann Cooper, Cristina Fernandez-Garcia, Shona Haining, Rhianna Lees, Nicholas Lennox, Sebastian Moss, Tim Nicholls, Christina Nicolaidis, Malcolm Osborne, Dora M Raymaker, Tomos Robinson, Anna Urbanowicz, James Ms Wason, Colin Wilson, Jeremy R Parr","doi":"10.1177/13623613261433106","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261433106","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Autistic people experience higher rates of physical and mental health conditions and face barriers to accessing healthcare. This study evaluated the acceptability and implementation of a co-designed primary care health check for autistic people (18 years+), delivered within a randomised controlled trial in Northern England investigating clinical and cost-effectiveness. Following health checks, all autistic people, carers/supporters, and clinicians were invited to complete evaluation questionnaires and a subset invited for an interview. Eighty-one autistic people, 11 carers/supporters, and 18 clinicians returned questionnaires and were descriptively analysed; 44 participants were interviewed. Findings demonstrated that the pre-appointment questionnaire and health check appointment were reported to be acceptable, valued and beneficial by all groups. Carers/supporters reported positive impacts of their role in reducing anxiety and supporting communication. Interview analysis, informed by Normalisation Process Theory, highlighted important factors to consider for implementation of the health check at scale. This included the importance of providing clear guidance and resources ahead of the health check and ensuring enough funding and capacity in primary care. Health checks can be delivered to autistic people in local neighbourhoods to address heath inequalities. Health checks require adequate resources, staff training, and integration into care systems to ensure successful implementation and sustainability.Lay Abstract&lt;b&gt;Improving healthcare for autistic people: a study of a new primary care health check&lt;/b&gt;Autistic people often face more health problems and shorter average life expectancy compared to non-autistic people. They can also find it harder to access healthcare that meets their needs. To help with this, researchers developed a new health check specifically for autistic people to be used in general practice settings. This health check included a pre-appointment questionnaire to help prepare for the visit and a longer appointment with a trained clinician. This study looked at how acceptable the health check was for autistic people, their carers/supporters, and clinicians, and what factors will help it work well in practice. It used questionnaires and interviews to collect views from autistic people who received the health check, clinicians who delivered it, and carers/supporters who attended the appointment. Most autistic people thought the health check was helpful and they would attend one again. The pre-appointment questionnaire helped people share important information, although some found it difficult to complete and some people needed support to complete it. Carers/supporters also found the process helpful in supporting the autistic adult and improving communication. Clinicians said they were able to put adjustments in place, use the clinician health check template, and found the extra time and structure the health check provided u","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"1955-1970"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moments That Matter: Exploring Autistic Adolescents' and Their Families' Joy Through Family Journals.","authors":"Jeana M Holt, Katelyn Siekman, Margaret Fairbanks, Mark Fairbanks, Matthew Juzenas, Nathaniel Stern","doi":"10.1177/13623613261455919","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261455919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Joy is an underexplored dimension in autism research, particularly within family life. This qualitative study examined how autistic adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and their families experience and co-create joy. Using a phenomenological design and reflexive thematic analysis, we analyzed 2-week family joy journals from six families (17 participants: six AYAs, two siblings, and nine caregivers). Journal entries revealed joy as a relational process embedded in everyday routines, creative engagement, and shared experiences. Three overarching themes emerged: Experiences of Everyday Joy (sensory pleasures, creativity, and togetherness), the Relational Nature of Joy (co-experienced joy and creativity), and the Layered Nature of Joy (complex intersections of sensory, emotional, and social dimensions). Families described joy as spontaneous yet deeply meaningful, often heightened by the journaling process. Findings challenge deficit-based narratives by highlighting emotional richness and enjoyment experienced within autistic AYAs and their families. Journaling may hold promise as a supportive routine by drawing attention to protective relational processes such as empathy, reciprocity, and connection. This study highlights the significance of acknowledging joy as a potential catalyst for well-being and flourishing in autism research and practice.Lay AbstractJoy is an essential part of life, yet it is rarely studied in autism research. This study explored how autistic adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and their families experience joy in everyday life. We invited six families to keep a \"joy journal\" for 2 weeks, asking them to write down what brought them joy each day. Seventeen people participated, including six autistic AYAs, two siblings, and nine caregivers. The family joy journals revealed that joy often stemmed from simple, familiar activities, such as reading, listening to music, sharing meals, or spending time with pets. Creative activities, such as drawing, dancing, and playing games, were also familiar sources of joy. Families described joy as something that happens together, not just alone. Many caregivers wrote about feeling joy when they saw their child happy or proud, and AYAs often mentioned enjoying time with family and friends. Three main themes emerged: Experiences of Everyday Joy, the Relational Nature of Joy, and Layered Experiences of Joy, in which sensory pleasure, emotional connection, and shared routines combine. Families reported that the journaling process helped them notice and appreciate joyful moments more frequently. These findings challenge stereotypes that autistic people lack positive emotions. Instead, they show that joy is abundant and deeply relational in autistic AYAs and their families. Recognizing and nurturing joy can strengthen family bonds and support well-being. Simple practices like joy journaling may help families focus on their strengths and create more supportive environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"2051-2063"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersections of Autism and Sexual and Gender Diversity Among Young People in New Zealand.","authors":"Brodie Fraser, Sujata Saha, Mary Buchanan, Sheree Gibb, Ruth Monk, Laurie K McLay, Phoebe Jean Campbell, Jordan Rogers, Nicholas James Bowden","doi":"10.1177/13623613261460933","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261460933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International research suggests there is a common intersection between Autism and sexual and gender diversity. However, there is limited data estimating the whole-of-population prevalence of this association, both abroad and in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Utilising NZ's Integrated Data Infrastructure, a research database containing linked administrative and survey data, we conducted a nationwide cohort study of those in the age range 5-24 years for whom Census 2023 records existed. From a study population of 1,266,453 young people, 1.5% were identified as Autistic. After adjustment for demographic measures, we found significantly higher rates of Autism among sexually- and gender-diverse young people than among their heterosexual and cisgender peers. This included for those identifying with a gender outside of the male/female binary (3.9%) compared to both males (2.3%; 1.7 times as high) and females (0.7%; 5.8 times as high), transgender people (4.0%) compared to cisgender people (1.5%; 2.9 times as high), and non-heterosexuals (2.2%) compared to heterosexuals (1.4%; 1.8 times as high).Lay AbstractInternational research suggests there is a common overlap between Autism and sexual and gender diversity (such as people who are gay, lesbian, transgender, etc). However, there is little data about this association on a whole-of-population scale. We conducted a nationwide study of young people aged 5-24 years to explore this crossover. From a study population of 1,266,453 young people, 1.5% were identified as Autistic. Looking at sexual- and gender-diversity data, we found there were significantly higher proportion of people who were Autistic among sexually and gender-diverse young people compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"2151-2159"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13415899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Neurodiversity-Affirming, Co-Produced Competence Frameworks in Psychotherapy: An Autistic-Led Call to Action.","authors":"Laurence Cobbaert, Marie Camin, Kai Schweizer, Steven K Kapp, Lumen Gorrie, Ellen Maloney, Amanda Moses, Kai S Thomas, Korey Baruta, Esther Fidock, Dawn-Joy Leong, Margo White, Georgia Pavlopoulou","doi":"10.1177/13623613261457948","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261457948","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"2160-2163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaze-Tracking-Based Tests for Autism in Children: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Delaflor-Wagner Christian Alejandro, Suárez-Cuenca Juan Antonio, Alcaraz-Estrada Sofía Lizeth, Téllez-González Mario Antonio, Coral-Vázquez Ramón Mauricio, Toledo-Lozano Christian Gabriel, García Silvia","doi":"10.1177/13623613261451896","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261451896","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Atypical gaze patterns are consistently reported in autism, reflecting differences in social attention and interest. Gaze-tracking paradigms provide an objective way to quantify these differences and may serve as early indicators of autism. This diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the performance of eye-tracking-based gaze measures in children. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA-DTA) guidance, studies published between 2015 and 2025 that compared gaze-tracking paradigms with standardized autism diagnoses were synthesized. Pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), sensitivity, and specificity were estimated using random-effects and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic models. Risk of bias was assessed with QUADAS-2 and funnel plots. Seventeen studies (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4,256) from six countries met the inclusion criteria. Tasks included social-geometric preference, motherese-nonsocial speech, and visual-orienting paradigms analyzed with rule-based or machine-learning methods. The pooled area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (HSROC AUC) was 0.845; DOR 15.03 (95% CI 8.00-28.50); sensitivity 0.77 (95% CI 0.65-0.85); and specificity 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.84). Although heterogeneity was high (&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 87.78%), effect directions were consistent. Dynamic social stimuli and higher-frequency tracking systems achieved the best performance. Gaze-tracking tests distinguished autistic and nonautistic children across diverse settings, supporting their potential role as a quantitative, observer-independent adjunct for early identification and clinical decision support.Lay abstractAutism is a form of neurodiversity characterized by differences in social communication, sensory processing, and patterns of attention and interest, which often shape how autistic people look at and interpret the world around them. Eye-tracking technology records where a person looks on a screen and how long their gaze remains on elements, such as people, faces, or objects. Because it is objective and does not rely on language or complex instructions, eye-tracking may support earlier identification of autism. This study reviewed 17 research papers published between 2015 and 2025 that explored how eye-tracking distinguishes autistic and nonautistic children. Together, these studies included over 4,000 participants and compared attention to social scenes, like people talking or playing, with attention to nonsocial or geometric patterns. On average, eye-tracking correctly identified autism about 77% of the time and nonautistic children about 80% of the time, with the best results achieved with dynamic social videos and high-quality tracking cameras. These findings suggest that gaze-based measures capture meaningful differences in social attention and could complement existing diagnostic approaches through earlier, more","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"1940-1954"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Care Autism Assessment Training Program Pilot Trial.","authors":"Olivia J Lindly, Corey Gorgas, Lucas Gooding, Lindsay Blankenship, Alison J Martin, Raúl A Vega-Juárez, Katharine E Zuckerman, Kurt A Freeman","doi":"10.1177/13623613261457950","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261457950","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pediatric primary care practitioners (PCPs) are not typically trained to conduct autism assessments, contributing to delayed autism diagnosis in the United States. From February to September 2024, PCPs in Portland, Oregon, were trained to conduct standardized autism assessments with young children, based on similar U.S.-based training models. This training consisted of an asynchronous online autism course sponsored by the American Academy of Pediatrics; a 2-day, in-person workshop on diagnostic assessment; and eight posttraining community learning sessions. Twenty-four PCPs were trained to conduct autism assessments with children using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, the Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers and Young Children, and a parent interview based on the &lt;i&gt;Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders&lt;/i&gt; (5th ed.; &lt;i&gt;DSM-5&lt;/i&gt;). A pilot trial of this program was conducted to examine its feasibility, acceptability, and initial outcomes related to self-reported PCP autism assessment knowledge and self-efficacy, as well as the number and characteristics of patients assessed. The program demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability. PCPs showed statistically significant improvement in their autism assessment knowledge and self-efficacy and used the assessment tools with 34 children ages 19-47 months during the study period. Similar training programs may help address PCP shortages and capacity contributing to diagnostic delays.Lay AbstractIn Oregon and other places across the United States, parents often face long wait times to get their children evaluated for autism. Getting an autism diagnosis before age 3 can help children and their families to get the services and supports they need to thrive. Families might have shorter wait times if pediatric primary care practitioners (PCPs) were trained to do autism assessments. Programs nationwide have been developed and used to train PCPs to conduct autism assessments for these reasons. Twenty-four PCPs in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area were trained to conduct autism assessments with young children in 2024. The training asked PCPs to participate in an online autism course; a 2-day, in-person workshop on autism assessment; and eight community learning sessions. We studied this training to understand (a) how practical it was to implement this training, (b) whether PCPs' self-reported knowledge and confidence about autism assessment changed, and (c) the number and characteristics of children who received autism assessments after the PCPs were trained. We collected data from the PCPs three times, including before training started, after the in-person workshop, and after the community learning sessions. We found that PCPs generally rated their participation and training experience positively. We also found that PCPs' knowledge and confidence increased. They evaluated 34 children across diverse groups for autism. Similar training programs may help to address shor","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"2143-2150"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Peer Victimisation, and Stress Reactivity as Multidimensional Pathways to Suicidality and Self-Harm in Autistic Individuals Without Intellectual Disability.","authors":"Giuseppe Alessio Carbone, Laura Nigro, Laura Ilen, Clémence Feller, Julie Husmann, Maude Schneider","doi":"10.1177/13623613261458864","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13623613261458864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autistic individuals without intellectual disabilities show high rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs); however, the processes underlying this vulnerability remain still unclear and understudied. This study examined STBs within a multidimensional framework integrating intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors. Eighty-four autistic adolescents and young adults (aged 12-32 years) were included. Overall, 36.9% of participants reported suicidal ideation, 27.4% reported self-harm, and 42.9% endorsed at least one indicator of STBs. Regression analyses reported that peer victimisation was associated with both suicidal ideation and self-harm, while self-harm also showed a specific association with cognitive emotion regulation strategy. Two canonical correlation analyses were performed, including maladaptive and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. A positive canonical correlation emerged between maladaptive strategies and the STBs domain, whereas a negative canonical correlation was observed between adaptive strategies and the same outcome. Finally, as a sensitivity analysis, a moderation model examined whether perceived stress reactivity influenced the association between emotion regulation and self-harm, showing that this association varied as a function of stress reactivity. Overall, these findings indicate that STBs in autism reflect a dynamic psychopathological process involving interpersonal, intrapersonal, and stress-related domains, with important implications for clinical assessment and the development of targeted prevention strategies.Lay abstractAutistic adolescents and young adults without intellectual disability are at increased risk of suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviours, but the factors linked to this risk are still not fully understood. This study examined whether peer victimisation, cognitive emotion regulation, and individual stress reactivity were associated with suicidal thoughts and self-harm in 84 autistic people aged 12 to 32 years. Peer victimisation was related to both suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviours, suggesting that negative experiences with peers may be an important vulnerability factor. Self-harm also showed a more specific association with emotion regulation. In particular, blaming others was negatively associated with self-harm, especially among participants who reported higher stress reactivity. This suggests that, in some contexts, attributing distress to external causes may have a self-protective function rather than being simply maladaptive. Overall, these findings suggest that suicidal thoughts and self-harm behaviours in autistic people may arise from a combination of social adversity, emotion regulation, and stress-related processes. Clinical assessment and prevention should therefore consider peer victimisation and stress reactivity, as well as the specific function of different emotion regulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8724,"journal":{"name":"Autism","volume":" ","pages":"2095-2106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}