Food selectivity and eating difficulties in adults with autism and/or ADHD.

IF 5.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Autism Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-25 DOI:10.1177/13623613251314223
Sarah C Bayoumi, Ashley Halkett, Meghan Miller, Stephen P Hinshaw
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Children with autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely than neurotypical children to experience eating difficulties, such as picky/selective eating, slow eating, and over/under-eating. Recent studies show that eating difficulties can persist into adulthood for autistic individuals. Yet little is known about the mechanisms involved and whether adults with ADHD also experience such challenges. We (1) compare eating difficulties among adults with autism, ADHD, autism/ADHD, and neither condition and (2) identify predictors of overall eating pathology and of food selectivity. The sample was 50% female and 78% White, consisting of 961 adults aged 19-57 who self-reported their diagnostic status: 184 with autism, 416 with ADHD, 292 with autism/ADHD, and 69 comparisons. Eating difficulties were assessed via self-report survey using the Swedish Eating Assessment for Autism (SWEAA) and Food Preferences Questionnaire. Autistic adults, with or without ADHD, reported significantly more eating difficulties than all other groups. Total eating difficulties were associated with increased insistence on sameness, other autistic features, food selectivity, and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Food selectivity was predicted by increased insistence on sameness, sensory sensitivity, and other core features of autism, and lower hyperactivity-impulsivity. The high degree of eating difficulties in autistic adults warrants clinical attention on this topic.Lay AbstractSome people do not like many foods, eat very quickly or slowly, or eat too much or too little. These problems are more common in children with autism or ADHD and may continue for a long time, but we do not know much about these problems in adults. Our goal was to understand how eating difficulties are similar and different in adults with autism, ADHD, both autism/ADHD, and neither condition. We also wanted to understand factors that relate to picky eating and overall eating difficulties. We found that autistic adults had the most problems with eating compared to all other groups. Adults with ADHD had more eating problems than adults with neither condition. Adults with autism and/or ADHD were more sensitive to taste and texture of foods, had difficulty with spilling food, and found it hard to tell whether they are hungry or full compared to people without these conditions. We also found that autism and ADHD traits were linked to picky eating and having more eating problems. The results show that many autistic adults and some with ADHD might need support with eating. Doctors should pay attention to eating problems to help people get the care they need. Results also show that wanting things to stay the same may be more related to eating problems than researchers previously thought. We need more research to understand how to support adults with eating difficulties.

自闭症和/或多动症成人的食物选择和进食困难。
摘要:有些人不喜欢吃很多食物,吃得很快或很慢,或吃得太多或太少。这些问题在患有自闭症或多动症的儿童中更为常见,并且可能会持续很长时间,但我们对成年人的这些问题知之甚少。我们的目标是了解患有自闭症、多动症、自闭症/多动症以及两种情况的成年人的饮食困难是如何相似和不同的。我们还想了解与挑食和整体饮食困难有关的因素。我们发现,与所有其他群体相比,自闭症成年人在饮食方面的问题最多。患有多动症的成年人比没有多动症的成年人有更多的饮食问题。与没有这些症状的人相比,患有自闭症和/或多动症的成年人对食物的味道和质地更敏感,很难把食物洒出来,而且很难判断自己是饿了还是饱了。我们还发现,自闭症和多动症的特征与挑食和更多的饮食问题有关。结果表明,许多自闭症成年人和一些患有多动症的人可能需要饮食方面的支持。医生应该注意饮食问题,帮助人们得到他们需要的治疗。研究结果还表明,希望事物保持不变的人与饮食问题的关系可能比研究人员之前认为的更大。我们需要更多的研究来了解如何支持有饮食困难的成年人。
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来源期刊
Autism
Autism PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
11.50%
发文量
160
期刊介绍: Autism is a major, peer-reviewed, international journal, published 8 times a year, publishing research of direct and practical relevance to help improve the quality of life for individuals with autism or autism-related disorders. It is interdisciplinary in nature, focusing on research in many areas, including: intervention; diagnosis; training; education; translational issues related to neuroscience, medical and genetic issues of practical import; psychological processes; evaluation of particular therapies; quality of life; family needs; and epidemiological research. Autism provides a major international forum for peer-reviewed research of direct and practical relevance to improving the quality of life for individuals with autism or autism-related disorders. The journal''s success and popularity reflect the recent worldwide growth in the research and understanding of autistic spectrum disorders, and the consequent impact on the provision of treatment and care. Autism is interdisciplinary in nature, focusing on evaluative research in all areas, including: intervention, diagnosis, training, education, neuroscience, psychological processes, evaluation of particular therapies, quality of life issues, family issues and family services, medical and genetic issues, epidemiological research.
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