AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1177/15311074251360767
Scott M Perl, Ashley E Murphy, Chinmayee Govinda Raj, Stephanie C Santos, Mihaela Glamoclija, David Des Marais, Tori Hoehler, Svetlana Shkolyar, Sherry L Cady, Jen Blank, Alfonso Davila, Paulina Cortez, Ashleigh Burgess, Jon Lima-Zaloumis
{"title":"Crystal Habits as Potential Biosignatures.","authors":"Scott M Perl, Ashley E Murphy, Chinmayee Govinda Raj, Stephanie C Santos, Mihaela Glamoclija, David Des Marais, Tori Hoehler, Svetlana Shkolyar, Sherry L Cady, Jen Blank, Alfonso Davila, Paulina Cortez, Ashleigh Burgess, Jon Lima-Zaloumis","doi":"10.1177/15311074251360767","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074251360767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our understanding of crystalline structures within terrestrial planetary analog environments can shed light on how these features can be interpreted on rocky planets and icy moons in our solar system. The ability to distinguish biogenic and abiotic components within the mineral, crystal, and structural features allows us to inform future life detection missions, science payloads, and instrument measurement resolutions. Moreover, having these terrestrial reference measurements in a review format allows the measurement rationale to be understood in the context of mission concepts and geomicrobiological assessment of life in extreme environments. From 2020 to 2022, this team contributed to NASA's Center for Life Detection, Life Detection Knowledge Base, where structural features in crystalline and crystal-centric sample analyses were reviewed and assessed for biogenic preservation potential. This article highlights the scientific rationale and astrobiological sample assessment of evaluation for crystal habits as a possible biosignature. This is to illustrate true and false positives of the standards of evidence for minerals and their associated crystal habits. Moreover, we illustrate how these efforts contribute to the overall assessment of this type of morphological evidence in extant and extinct life detection campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"525-536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1177/15311074251365204
Paulina Martinez-Koury, June Baxter, Dianne M Keller, Elliot A Jagniecki, Solinus B Farrer, Byron J Adams, Bonnie K Baxter
{"title":"Mineral Microbiomes Entombed in Great Salt Lake Gypsum: Considerations for Martian Evaporites.","authors":"Paulina Martinez-Koury, June Baxter, Dianne M Keller, Elliot A Jagniecki, Solinus B Farrer, Byron J Adams, Bonnie K Baxter","doi":"10.1177/15311074251365204","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074251365204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern Great Salt Lake, UT, United States, is what remains after the extensive evaporation of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, which makes this site an appropriate analog to ancient martian lacustrine systems. Today, evaporite minerals surround the lake, including recently precipitated displacive gypsum selenite crystals. Our hypothesis was that hydrated clay solid inclusions within the gypsum would support microbial life with water and nutrients, while the mineral encasement would provide protection from ultraviolet light and temperature fluctuations. Our data demonstrate a complex microbial community that thrives in the clay-rich inclusions within the gypsum crystals. This mineral microbiome includes archaea and fungi, but most notably an immense number of bacterial species from the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Evidence of primary producers (cyanobacteria and microalgae) that have the capacity for diverse metabolisms suggests the possibility of an entombed ecosystem with trophic levels, energy currencies, and connected metabolisms. X-ray diffraction analyses of the sediment in which the gypsum formed show the clay fraction mostly comprises discrete and randomly interstratified illite and smectite, along with lesser amounts of kaolinite and chlorite. The methods developed here for modern gypsum can be extended to studies of ancient minerals on Earth as well as hydrated sulfate minerals on Mars.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"563-583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1177/15311074251365212
Nikolay Ryzhkov, Paul J Janssen, Artur Braun
{"title":"Resilience of Hybrid Bioelectrodes in an Ionizing Environment: A Space Simulation Study of <i>Limnospira indica</i> Under Gamma Radiation.","authors":"Nikolay Ryzhkov, Paul J Janssen, Artur Braun","doi":"10.1177/15311074251365212","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074251365212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyanobacteria possess unique biological properties and the ability to perform life-sustaining processes, which make them useful for applications in space exploration and colonization. Their potential use in bioelectricity and fuel production has garnered significant interest. This study explores the effects of ionizing radiation on the cyanobacterium <i>Limnospira indica</i> used in bioelectrodes. This is an important consideration as radiation levels in space are significantly higher than those experienced on Earth with its protective atmosphere and magnetosphere. In an approximate space radiation simulation setting, using gamma radiation, living cells of <i>L. indica</i> strain PCC 8005 (formerly known as <i>Arthrospira</i> sp.) were interfaced as bioelectrodes with boron-doped diamond (BDD)-coated and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrates and exposed to <sup>60</sup>Co gamma rays at an acute dose rate of 136 Gy.h<sup>-1</sup> for up to 14 h; electrogenic abilities (<i>i.e.</i>, respiration current in the dark) were measured by chronoamperometry. <i>Limnospira indica</i>-based bioelectrodes did not exhibit statistically significant changes in current generation even under high doses of 1.9 kGy gamma rays as compared with non-exposed bioelectrodes. Under radiation, bare FTO electrodes performed better than BDD electrodes, but negative gamma-induced effects in bare BDD electrodes were mitigated by cyanobacteria. The stable current generation under high-dose highlights the potential of biophotoelectrochemical and biophotovoltaic cells in radiation-intensive environments and applications in space.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"584-600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1177/15311074251365196
Joseph Wood, Mariela Monge, Emily P Seto, Katherine Ratliff, Brian Ford, Denise Aslett, Ahmed Abdel-Hady, Lesley Mendez Sandoval
{"title":"Sterilization of Stainless-Steel Surfaces Using Ultraviolet Radiation Produced by Light-Emitting Diodes.","authors":"Joseph Wood, Mariela Monge, Emily P Seto, Katherine Ratliff, Brian Ford, Denise Aslett, Ahmed Abdel-Hady, Lesley Mendez Sandoval","doi":"10.1177/15311074251365196","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15311074251365196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies have demonstrated that ultraviolet radiation in the C wavelength range produced by light-emitting diodes (UVC-LEDs) is effective for disinfection (<i>i.e.,</i> inactivation of vegetative bacteria and viruses). However, there are few efficacy data available to confirm its use as a sterilization technique (complete inactivation of bacterial spores). The present study evaluated the use of UVC-LED to achieve the sterilization of stainless-steel surfaces as a function of UVC dose and several other variables. Spores of <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> and two strains of <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> were used as indicator microorganisms. Results showed that the microorganism, spore loading, and inoculation method all affected whether complete inactivation was achieved. Under the tested conditions, sterilization of stainless-steel surfaces was achieved using UV-LED with doses that ranged from ∼4500 to 21,000 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, and if spore deposition was low enough to prevent clumping and subsequent shielding. We found that spore deposition in which sterilization was achieved ranged from 2.9 to 6.2 log<sub>10</sub> colony-forming units/cm<sup>2</sup> and depended primarily on the microorganism/strain. Shielding of UV radiation diminished efficacy and may have also occurred from the presence of foreign material.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"550-562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1089/ast.2024.0107
Tori M Hoehler, Alfonso Davila, Niki Parenteau, Richard Quinn, David Des Marais, Svetlana Shkolyar, Leslie Bebout, Steven Benner, Jennifer G Blank, William Brinckerhoff, Morgan Cable, Sherry Cady, Jennifer Eigenbrode, Richard Everroad, Stephanie Getty, Daniel Glavin, Stanislaw Gliniewicz, Heather Graham, Lindsay Hays, Linda Jahnke, Barbara Lafuente, Graham Lau, Owen Lehmer, Jon Lima-Zaloumis, Kennda Lynch, Ashley Murphy, Marc Neveu, Scott M Perl, J Hank Rainwater, Antonio Ricco, Andro Rios, Sanjoy Som, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Andrew Pohorille
{"title":"Introduction to the Life Detection Knowledge Base Project.","authors":"Tori M Hoehler, Alfonso Davila, Niki Parenteau, Richard Quinn, David Des Marais, Svetlana Shkolyar, Leslie Bebout, Steven Benner, Jennifer G Blank, William Brinckerhoff, Morgan Cable, Sherry Cady, Jennifer Eigenbrode, Richard Everroad, Stephanie Getty, Daniel Glavin, Stanislaw Gliniewicz, Heather Graham, Lindsay Hays, Linda Jahnke, Barbara Lafuente, Graham Lau, Owen Lehmer, Jon Lima-Zaloumis, Kennda Lynch, Ashley Murphy, Marc Neveu, Scott M Perl, J Hank Rainwater, Antonio Ricco, Andro Rios, Sanjoy Som, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Andrew Pohorille","doi":"10.1089/ast.2024.0107","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2024.0107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"451-453"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0156
Alfonso F Davila, Tori Hoehler, Niki Parenteau, Marc Neveu, Svetlana Shkolyar, David J Des Marais, Sherry L Cady, Andro C Rios, Leslie Bebout, Graham Lau, Linda Jahnke, Scott Perl, Jennifer L Eigenbrode, Andrew Pohorille, Richard Quinn
{"title":"Life Detection Knowledge Base: Taxonomy of Potential Biosignatures.","authors":"Alfonso F Davila, Tori Hoehler, Niki Parenteau, Marc Neveu, Svetlana Shkolyar, David J Des Marais, Sherry L Cady, Andro C Rios, Leslie Bebout, Graham Lau, Linda Jahnke, Scott Perl, Jennifer L Eigenbrode, Andrew Pohorille, Richard Quinn","doi":"10.1089/ast.2022.0156","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2022.0156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Life Detection Knowledge Base (LDKB) is a community webtool developed to test and evaluate strategies to search for evidence of life beyond Earth, with an emphasis on recognizing potential false-positive and false-negative results. As part of the LDKB framework, we developed a taxonomy of potential biosignatures. The taxonomy brings together a broad array of life-detection strategies into a common and systematic structure that allows for equitable evaluations based on a specific set of criteria, chosen to assess the likelihood of false-positive and false-negative interpretations. The taxonomy is also a tool to organize life-detection strategies in a way that streamlines their infusion into robotic spaceflight missions. This article describes the structure of the taxonomy and its functional qualities. Two accompanying articles detail the overall LDKB framework and the set of criteria used to evaluate potential biosignatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"464-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1089/ast.2024.0105
Svetlana Shkolyar, Leslie Bebout, Jennifer G Blank, Sherry L Cady, Barbara Cavalazzi, Elizabeth Corbin, Alfonso F Davila, David Des Marais, Martin Fisk, Keyron Hickman-Lewis, Jonathan Lima-Zaloumis, Nicola McLoughlin, Ashley E Murphy, Nora Noffke, Scott M Perl, Andrew Pohorille, Sally L Potter-McIntyre, J Hank Rainwater, Frances Westall
{"title":"Structural Biosignatures-A Category of Potential Biosignatures in the Life Detection Knowledge Base.","authors":"Svetlana Shkolyar, Leslie Bebout, Jennifer G Blank, Sherry L Cady, Barbara Cavalazzi, Elizabeth Corbin, Alfonso F Davila, David Des Marais, Martin Fisk, Keyron Hickman-Lewis, Jonathan Lima-Zaloumis, Nicola McLoughlin, Ashley E Murphy, Nora Noffke, Scott M Perl, Andrew Pohorille, Sally L Potter-McIntyre, J Hank Rainwater, Frances Westall","doi":"10.1089/ast.2024.0105","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2024.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Life Detection Knowledge Base (LDKB) is part of the Life Detection Forum suite of web tools developed for life detection mission planners. This article details the development of one of its categories of biosignatures, the <i>Structure</i> category. The <i>Structure</i> category includes physical attributes of objects and their spatial relationships (e.g., orientation). Initial population of the LDKB <i>Structure</i> category performed during a Content Development Group (CDG) phase resulted in the selection of six high-priority biosignature themes for content development: crystal habits, microtunnels, Mesa Depression Relief structures (a sedimentary surface morphology), laminations, spheroids, and filaments. In populating content, it was concluded that environmental considerations are crucial to recognize structural biosignatures remotely for planetary exploration when not known <i>a priori</i>. CDG activity also revealed knowledge and technology gaps in identifying structural biosignatures. This included gaps in research on biological prevalence of structural features due to a lack of research on these topics and a gap in technologies for <i>in situ</i> surface imaging of potential structural biosignatures. In addition, the implementation of two functionalities in the tool (i.e., linking multiple lines of evidence within entries and including images to represent physical biosignature attributes) resulted directly from CDG activity. These improvements enhance the LDKB's ability to serve as a comprehensive repository for data on true biosignatures and their abiotic counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"482-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1089/ast.2024.0106
Andrew Pohorille, Graham Lau, Stanislaw Gliniewicz, Alfonso Davila, Niki Parenteau, David Des Marais, Richard Quinn, Svetlana Shkolyar, Richard Everroad, Tori Hoehler
{"title":"Life Detection Knowledge Base: A Community Tool for Knowledge Management and Representation.","authors":"Andrew Pohorille, Graham Lau, Stanislaw Gliniewicz, Alfonso Davila, Niki Parenteau, David Des Marais, Richard Quinn, Svetlana Shkolyar, Richard Everroad, Tori Hoehler","doi":"10.1089/ast.2024.0106","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2024.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Life Detection Knowledge Base (LDKB; https://lifedetectionforum.com/ldkb) is a community-owned web resource that is designed to facilitate the infusion of astrobiology knowledge and expertise into the conceptualization and design of life detection missions. The aim of the LDKB is to gather and organize diverse knowledge from a range of fields into a common reference frame to support mission science risk assessment, specifically in terms of the potential for false positive and false negative results when pursuing a particular observation strategy. Within the LDKB, knowledge sourced from the primary scientific literature is organized according to (1) a taxonomic classification scheme in which potential biosignatures are defined at a uniform level of granularity that corresponds to observable physical or chemical quantities, qualities, or states; (2) a set of four standard assessment criteria, uniformly applied to each potential biosignature, that target the factors that contribute to false positive and false negative potential; and (3) a discourse format that utilizes customizable, user-defined \"arguments\" to represent the essential aspects of relevant scientific literature in terms of their specific bearing on one of the four assessment criteria, and thereby on false positive and false negative potential. By mapping available and newly emerging knowledge into this standardized framework, we can identify areas where the current state of knowledge supports a well-informed science risk assessment as well as critical knowledge gaps where focused research could help flesh out and mature promising life detection approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"454-463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1089/ast.2024.0104
Niki Parenteau, Tori Hoehler, Alfonso Davila, Stephanie Getty, Graham Lau, Marc Neveu, Svetlana Shkolyar, David Des Marais, Andro Rios, Linda Jahnke, Leslie Bebout, Richard Quinn, Andrew Pohorille
{"title":"Life Detection Knowledge Base: Assessment Criteria for Potential Biosignatures.","authors":"Niki Parenteau, Tori Hoehler, Alfonso Davila, Stephanie Getty, Graham Lau, Marc Neveu, Svetlana Shkolyar, David Des Marais, Andro Rios, Linda Jahnke, Leslie Bebout, Richard Quinn, Andrew Pohorille","doi":"10.1089/ast.2024.0104","DOIUrl":"10.1089/ast.2024.0104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrobiology and the search for evidence of life beyond Earth are now key drivers for planetary science and astronomy missions. Efforts are underway to establish evaluative frameworks to interpret potential signs of life in returned data. However, there is a need for a \"before-the-fact\" system to assess mission science risk and the potential false negative and false positive results. The Life Detection Knowledge Base (LDKB) is a community-owned web tool that organizes the scientific literature and enables discourse and evaluation of potential biosignatures (defined to the same level of granularity) relative to a set of standard criteria. This article details the development of draft criteria and their utilization as an organizing basis for the LDKB and their vetting by the astrobiology community via two workshops. We report the incorporation of community feedback to generate a finalized set of criteria, which delineate contributing factors to the potential for false negative or false positive results in the search for evidence of life within and beyond our solar system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":" ","pages":"474-481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AstrobiologyPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1089/ast.2025.0001
Fathi Karouia, Michael Wilson, Karl Schweighofer, Christophe Chipot, Tori Hoehler, Joanna Sokolowska
{"title":"In Memoriam: Professor Andrzej (Andrew) Pohorille (May 14, 1949, to January 6, 2024): A Legacy in Astrobiology and Computational Science.","authors":"Fathi Karouia, Michael Wilson, Karl Schweighofer, Christophe Chipot, Tori Hoehler, Joanna Sokolowska","doi":"10.1089/ast.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8645,"journal":{"name":"Astrobiology","volume":"25 7","pages":"498-500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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