Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Improving long-term prediction of terrestrial water storage through integration with CMIP6 decadal prediction","authors":"Enda Zhu ,&nbsp;Yaqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xing Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate climate prediction is crucial for terrestrial water storage (TWS) decadal prediction, which contributes to the sustainable development of hydrological infrastructure. Although the initial memories from atmosphere, ocean and land surface are important sources of climate predictability, their impacts on the decadal hydrological prediction still remain unknown. Here, climate predictions with different initialization strategies from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are incorporated into the hydrological predictions over global major river basins through the elasticity framework. Integrations of the climate initialization and external forcings can improve the TWS prediction skill (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) by 0.14–0.24 over 69 % basins against a reference forecast without any climate prediction information, especially over high-latitudes at long lead time. Specifically, climate initialization results in a higher skill for TWS prediction over 62.5 % of basins, while considering the Atlantic or Pacific sea surface temperature information is benefit to the hydrological prediction over 38 %–90 % of basins at different lead times. Our findings imply that reliable hydrological decadal prediction can be achieved if skillful climate prediction that originates from initial conditions, external forcings and specific climate variability has been utilized appropriately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 107776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality control of eddy covariance fluxes of two ecosystem types with local flux-variance similarity functions in West Africa","authors":"Ossénatou Mamadou ,&nbsp;Miriam Hounsinou ,&nbsp;Djidjoho Renaud Roméo Koukoui ,&nbsp;Jean-Martial Cohard ,&nbsp;Simon Afouda ,&nbsp;Romain Biron ,&nbsp;Jean Kempf ,&nbsp;Théodore Ouani ,&nbsp;Basile Kounouhewa","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem capacity studies for carbon sequestration and water extraction are largely conditioned by Eddy Covariance (EC) measurement availability and quality. Our study aims at evaluating several procedures of EC data qualification. Indeed, quality control of EC data is generally ensured by stationarity and well-developed turbulence tests. The latter is based on integral turbulence characteristic (ITC) models. In this study, we revisited the quality control procedure using locally established ITC models for wind speed components and atmospheric scalars (temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide molar densities) in unstable and stable conditions. We also considered the interdependence of flux qualities because of the corrections applied to fluxes during their preprocessing. The analyses were carried out using one year of data collected above a woodland forest and mixed crop sites, both situated in Northern Benin, West Africa. From these analyzes we note that the quality flags vary depending on the use of local or existing ITC models. Also, the test of turbulence development on atmospheric scalars, previously neglected, is of great importance in the quality control of data. Thus, taking into account the ITC models associated with the atmospheric scalars established locally in the well-developed turbulence test as well as taking into account the interdependence of the flux quality have considerably improved the standard quality control procedure used in effectively filtering unrealistic flux data while keeping a considerable percentage of good and medium quality data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we mitigate tropical cyclone formation using aerosols? A review of cyclogenesis and aerosol effects as a theoretical basis","authors":"Thao Linh Tran ,&nbsp;Roslyn Prinsley ,&nbsp;Daniel Rosenfeld ,&nbsp;Helen Cleugh ,&nbsp;Jiwen Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical cyclogenesis is a complex phenomenon, involving processes across multiple scales, with various theories proposed to explain its mechanisms. This paper provides an up-to-date summary of the established physical mechanisms and controlling factors of cyclogenesis. Understanding the nature of tropical cyclone formation is necessary to improve tropical cyclone forecasts and inform tropical cyclone mitigation strategies targeting early-stage intervention. Despite the disparities among theories, the critical role of persistent, intensified convection in tropical cyclone initiation is universally acknowledged. Therefore, our hypothesis is that interrupting convective development using aerosol injection is a potential strategy for mitigating tropical cyclone formation. Targetted injection of coarse and fine aerosols at the formation stage are two proposed potential approaches for mitigating tropical cyclones. These methods have completely different microphysical effects but each may ultimately interfere with the formation of the nascent cyclone. These potential interventions open new areas of further research, which are important and necessary to establish a solid scientific foundation for cyclogenesis mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent impact of reduced arctic sea-ice on the winter North Atlantic jet stream and its quantitative contributions compared to pre-industrial level","authors":"Jie Jiang ,&nbsp;Shengping He ,&nbsp;Ke Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been a challenge to identify the impact of Arctic sea-ice loss on the intensity and position of the winter North Atlantic jet stream (NAJS) and the related mechanisms due to the uncertain effects of atmospheric internal variability. This study investigates the response of the winter NAJS to Arctic sea-ice loss and roughly estimates the contribution of internal variability in Arctic sea ice (ArcSIC) after the pre-industrial period, based on reanalysis dataset (referred to as observation here), the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and the Polar Amplification Model Inter-comparison Project (PAMIP). The results indicate that the majority of PAMIP models display robust but weak equatorward shift of the NAJS response to Arctic sea-ice loss, as well as robust NAJS-related circulation anomalies. Further analysis shows that the ability of models to reproduce observed NAJS response is primarily associated with tropospheric baroclinic wave activity and the troposphere–stratosphere coupling. Based on 20th-Century reanalysis data and CMIP6 historical simulations, we further estimate the relative contributions of external forcing and internal variability (including reduced ArcSIC) to NAJS latitude and speed variability. Compared to the pre-industrial period, the recent winter NAJS at 850 hPa has accelerated and shifted poleward. By calculating the ratio of the difference in NAJS speed (latitude) between the present-day and pre-industrial in CMIP6 multi-model ensemble mean to the difference in observation, this study approximately estimates that the external forcing contributes about 40 % of NAJS acceleration with minimal influence on its shift. The remaining acceleration and poleward shift are mainly attributed to internal variability. The difference between the present-day and pre-industrial PAMIP ensemble mean is considered as the “pure” forcing of Arctic sea-ice loss. Most models indicate that reduced ArcSIC tends to slow down the acceleration and poleward shift of winter NAJS, but show quantitively a wide range of uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 107778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of tropospheric ozone concentration and their predictors in mainland Portugal","authors":"Catarina Alonso ,&nbsp;Célia M. Gouveia ,&nbsp;João A. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropospheric ozone is a secondary air pollutant with a photochemical origin, commonly resulting from nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of short-wave radiation. Portugal has high solar radiation exposure and, consequently, near-surface ozone levels tend to reach, or even exceed, the threshold defined by the European Union air quality warning system during summer. Furthermore, episodes with high radiation, temperature, and ozone concentration values are expected to increase owing to more recurrent and persistent heatwaves and wildfires driven by climate change. Exposure to high ozone concentrations has negative effects on human health and vegetation. The present study aims to understand the atmospheric patterns associated with high ozone levels and identify the main ozone precursors on mainland Portugal. The analysis was carried out for daily ozone concentrations averaged between 0900 and 2100 UTC, from 2004 to 2022. A stepwise regression analysis was applied to the potential predictors: fire radiative power, thermal amplitude, maximum temperature, boundary layer height, NO₂ concentration, radiation, and time of the year. The obtained model shows high accuracy and robustness, even when tested with the Monte Carlo method, and indicates that the predictors have a joint and different contribution to ozone formation across the Portuguese regions. The variables that have greater coefficients as a response from the stepwise regression model were temperature and fire radiative power, with fire radiative power being more significant for <em>Norte</em> and <em>Centro</em> regions, which are the most affected by wildfires. Radiation and temperature are more relevant in the <em>Alentejo</em> and <em>Sul</em> regions, where radiation and temperatures are climatologically higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Impact of Assimilation of Multi-Source Observations using 3D-Var on Simulation of Extreme Rainfall Events over Karnataka, India","authors":"Ajay Bankar ,&nbsp;V. Rakesh ,&nbsp;Smrati Purwar","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the impact of assimilating diverse observational data on forecasting extreme rainfall events (EREs) using a three dimensional variational (3D-Var) assimilation approach. It focuses on 38 EREs across three meteorological divisions in Karnataka, India, using a high-resolution (03-km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with three nested domains. Five distinct experiments were conducted, including a Control experiment without assimilation, and subsequent experiments integrating observations from various sources like atmospheric profiles from Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellites and radiosondes, ocean surface wind observations from Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI), and WindSAT satellites and buoys, ground observations from Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC), as well as a combined assimilation experiment with all available observations. The accuracy of rainfall forecasts is evaluated by comparing model outputs with high-resolution telemetric rain-gauge (TRG; 6480 stations) data and other meteorological parameters against telemetric weather station (TWS; 860 stations) data from KSNDMC. Assimilation experiments show positive improvements over control experiment in predicting rainfall. Results consistently indicate underprediction of rainfall in the intricate topographical region of the Western Ghats (WG) across all experiments, contrasting with overprediction along the coastal areas of Karnataka. The experiment involving Ocean Winds showcased a substantial 40 % reduction in rainfall overprediction (above 2 mm threshold). Both Ocean Winds and Station Data assimilation notably enhanced rainfall prediction accuracy over most of the regions in Karnataka, with Ocean Winds exhibiting the highest improvement (53 %), closely followed by Station Data (50 %). Importantly, assimilating Ocean Winds and Station Data aided in reducing overprediction, while assimilating Satellite Profiles reduced underprediction in the interior part of Karnataka but increased overprediction over the coastal region compared to the control experiment. Frequency of occurrence of rainfall is considerably enhanced along the coastline in all 3D-Var experiments. Bias score indicates maximum improvement in assimilation using Ocean Winds and Station Data. Simulation of basic meteorological parameters also improved with assimilation particularly during the day hours. The results underscore the crucial role of assimilation of satellite and in-situ observations in improving forecast accuracy of EREs during the monsoon season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 107777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part I - Sensitivity study of microphysical processes representations","authors":"Pierre Grzegorczyk ,&nbsp;Wolfram Wobrock ,&nbsp;Antoine Canzi ,&nbsp;Laurence Niquet ,&nbsp;Frédéric Tridon ,&nbsp;Céline Planche","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secondary ice production (SIP) is a crucial phenomenon for explaining the formation of ice crystal clouds, especially when addressing the discrepancies between observed ice crystal number concentrations and ice nucleating particles (INPs). In this study, we investigate parameterizations of three SIP processes (Hallett-Mossop, fragmentation of freezing drops, and fragmentation due to ice–ice collision) by simulating a deep convective cloud observed during the HAIC/HIWC campaign with the 3D bin microphysics scheme DESCAM (DEtailed SCAvening and Microphysics model). The simulated mean cloud properties, including particle size distributions and ice crystal number concentration are compared with in situ probe observations obtained during the campaign. Simulation excluding SIP shows a large underestimation of small ice crystals (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span> 1 mm diameter) for temperatures warmer than <span><math><mo>‐</mo><msup><mn>30</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></math></span>. In our results, incorporating Hallett-Mossop and fragmentation due to ice–ice collision processes leads to ice crystal number concentrations close to observed values, thereby reducing discrepancies by two orders of magnitude. Our simulations also indicates that fragmentation of freezing drops affect minimally the properties of the cloud at its mature stage. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of fragments sizes resulting from SIP processes and show that the size of fragments generated from fragmentation due to ice–ice collision significantly influences the shape of ice particle size distribution. Employing various parameterizations of the ice crystal sticking efficiency reveals a notable impact on cloud properties. This study shows that SIP mechanisms are important and have to be considered for cold and mixed-phase clouds. However their parameterization lack reliability, highlighting the need for better quantifying these mechanisms. The companion paper, investigates the effects of SIP processes on the formation and the evolution of the deep convective system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 107774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monthly impact of the Scandinavian pattern on winter surface air temperature over Asia","authors":"Qilei Huang,&nbsp;Ning Shi,&nbsp;Botao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs the ERA5 and JRA-55 monthly reanalysis datasets to examine the monthly impact of the Scandinavian (SCA) teleconnection pattern on the surface air temperature (SAT) over Asia in boreal winters from 1958 to 2021. We demonstrate that the monthly impacts of the SCA vary by month and region. Notably, the accumulated SAT anomalies over the region to the north of Tibetan Plateau (NP) due to the SCA tend to propagate southward to the eastern China (EC) during late winter, which is associated with the gradually intensifying westward gradient of the air temperature over the EC. Furthermore, both the November and January SCA patterns can significantly cause one-month-lagged SAT anomalies over the NP, albeit through different mechanisms. For the November SCA pattern, it induces significant snowfall anomalies over the NP and the associated snow cover anomalies can persist until December, facilitating the formation of local significant SAT anomalies via anomalous sensible heat flux. In contrast, from January to February, the background states for the air temperature in the lower troposphere and absolute vorticity in the upper troposphere change in such a way that creates a more favorable condition for the vertical coupling between the upper and lower circulation anomalies associated with the SCA pattern. Consequently, the SCA pattern tends to persist from January to February, leading to significant SAT anomalies over both the NP and EC in February.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbulent transport of sea-spray in the coastal region","authors":"Benjamin Luce ,&nbsp;Isabelle Calmet ,&nbsp;Boris Conan ,&nbsp;Alexander M.J. Van Eijk","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A realistic three-dimensionnal large-eddy simulation is performed for the study of turbulent transport of sea spray aerosol in the coastal region of Le Croisic, France. A new transport model for the aerosol is implemented in the ARPS code. Simulation results are compared with field measurements, both for the mean wind field and aerosol concentration. The numerical results fit well with the observations. The mean vertical concentration profile takes an exponential shape when the data is averaged over sufficiently long timeframe, whereas the 15-min averaged profiles vary and deviate from the theory. The transport of the aerosols is analyzed in relation to the sea-land transition and the changes in thermal stability of the atmosphere during the diurnal cycle. Turbulence is found to play an important role in the mixing of aerosols in the unstable surface layer. The turbulent vertical transport of aerosols is enhanced through convective cells over the land during the day, whereas, at night, aerosols remain trapped near the surface and are transported over appreciable horizontal distances under quasi-neutral or stable thermal conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding heavy precipitation events in southern Israel through atmospheric electric field observations","authors":"Roy Yaniv ,&nbsp;Yoav Yair ,&nbsp;Assaf Hochman","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterizing the interaction between meteorological variables such as humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, and precipitation with the atmospheric electric field is vital for improving the nowcast of extreme weather events such as heavy precipitation. With this aim, we provide minute-scale electric field observations in southern Israel. These were taken during low-pressure weather systems in winter, often termed ‘Cyprus Lows.’ We focus only on precipitating (‘wet’) events, where rain was measured at the surface during and after the cold front's passage. The mean |PG| values for ‘wet’ Cyprus Lows are higher (Hundreds to thousands V m⁻¹) compared with the mean fair-weather values (∼100–200 V m⁻¹, and exhibit a sharp and rapid increase of the |PG| of up to tens of V m⁻¹ min⁻¹ during the arrival of the cold front and hundreds of V m⁻¹ min⁻¹ during precipitation. Then, we analyzed selected case studies in detail. The response of the |PG| to thunderstorm clouds, i.e., Cumulonimbus, is an increase to values of thousands of V m⁻¹. The temporal evolution of the |PG| allowed us to identify the type of cloud and its life cycle stage. We suggest that using state-of-the-art 1 Hz measurements of the |PG| and deducing cloud patterns at strategic locations, such as in arid regions like southern Israel, may improve the nowcasting capabilities of localized heavy precipitation events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"313 ","pages":"Article 107757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}