Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Ice nucleating ability of mineral particles from subtropical South American deserts","authors":"Verónica M. Tur, Karim Sapag, Dimar Villarroel-Rocha, Diego Gaiero, María Laura López","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107848","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral aerosols are one of the most important ice nucleating particles (INPs) because their efficiency in nucleating ice, wide transport and largest mass contribution to particulate matter in the atmosphere. They are sourced from the arid regions of the world. In this context, this work evaluates the INP potential of fourteen topsoil samples collected from subtropical South American deserts, the major source of mineral aerosols in South America, in the immersion freezing mode. Samples were obtained from three distinct regions located in the South American Arid Diagonal and recognized as potential dust source areas: the Puna-Altiplano Plateau in the north, the central-west of Argentina, and Patagonia in the south. In general, results reveal that samples from the Puna-Altiplano and Patagonia regions, and the central-west of Argentina region exhibit the highest and lowest INP abilities, respectively. The active sites per unit surface area for a given temperature were calculated and compared with previously reported values. The results demonstrate that soil mineral particles from the region of study exhibit ice nucleating abilities comparable to the inorganic fraction of agricultural soils of central Argentina. No direct relationship was identified between INP ability and the major minerals observed in the samples. This study is the first to analyze the ice nucleation properties of soil samples collected along the South American Arid Diagonal and one of the few in South America. Since the analyzed topsoil particles were collected from potential dust source regions, this work contributes to understanding the role of aerosols in initiating atmospheric ice formation, providing valuable data for empirical parameterizations. This could contribute to the improvement in the performance of climate models, as the obtained results suggest that the underestimation of coarse and super-coarse aerosols at altitudes relevant for cloud formation may lead to underestimations in INP concentrations, particularly in regions near to the emission sources.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical microphysical structures of summer heavy rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley from GPM DPR data","authors":"Peng Hu, Leilei Kou, Wenjiao Wang, Haiyang Gao, Yanqing Xie, Liguo Zhang, Jian Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107833","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing heavy rainfall poses significant challenges in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley (YHRV). There is a need for more specific insights into the vertical microphysical structures and their influence on heavy rainfall to enhance the accuracy of numerical simulations and forecasts. Using data from the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite from 2014 to 2023, this study investigated the vertical microphysical structures of different types of heavy summer rainfall (&gt; 8 mm/h) and elucidated their impacts on the rain rate in the YHRV. Based on the radar reflectivity thresholds at different altitudes, heavy summer rainfall was classified into four types: deep convective, shallow convective, stratiform rainfall, and warm rainfall. In the YHRV region, shallow convective rainfall contributed the most to total heavy rainfall (39.1 %) and had the highest occurrence (44.7 %) of extreme rainfall (&gt;50 mm/h). Stratiform rainfall occurred most frequently but decreased rapidly with increasing rain rates, while warm rainfall contributed little to heavy rainfall. For the vertical microphysical structure of heavy rainfall, deep convective rainfall exhibited rapid growth of large particles above the melting layer, resulting in the largest average mass-weighted diameter (<ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>m</ce:italic></ce:inf>) near the surface (2.2 mm), but the smallest average droplet concentration (recorded as dBN<ce:inf loc=\"post\">w</ce:inf> in the decibel scale), approximately 37. Below the melting layer, the <ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>m</ce:italic></ce:inf> of small particles in the shallow convective rainfall increased rapidly, and the impact of coalescence was much greater than that of break-up. Except for warm rainfall, the average <ce:italic>D</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>m</ce:italic></ce:inf> for other types of heavy rainfall remained relatively high, exceeding 1.5 mm both within and below the melting layer. The average dBN<ce:inf loc=\"post\">w</ce:inf> increased consistently as altitude decreased. As rainfall intensified to extreme rainfall, the average rain rate of shallow convective rainfall slightly surpassed that of deep convective rainfall. This was due to a decrease in average dBN<ce:inf loc=\"post\">w</ce:inf> for deep convective rainfall, while the average dBN<ce:inf loc=\"post\">w</ce:inf> of shallow convective rainfall continued to increase.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance comparison of GPM IMERG V07 with its predecessor V06 and its application in extreme precipitation clustering over Türkiye","authors":"Hakan Aksu, Sait Genar Yaldiz","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107840","url":null,"abstract":"Defining regions with similar characteristics for extreme precipitation is crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change, planning and managing water resources, and designing hydraulic structures. However, studies on the regionalization of extreme precipitation for Türkiye are limited, and regional extreme precipitation characteristics are not well defined. In this study, motivated by the need to contribute to this field, homogenous regions for extreme precipitation across Türkiye were determined using the latest version (V07) of Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG). We initially validated IMERG V07 estimates using data from 214 ground-based stations and compared the results with its predecessor V06. The results revealed that IMERG showed some notable improvements from V06 to V07 for all seasons, especially in winter. During this season, the correlation coefficient increased from 0.57 to 0.64, the mean absolute bias decreased from 78.22 % to 69.27 %, and the RMSE decreased from 11.10 mm/day to 9.70 mm/day. In V07, while the trend of decreasing accuracy with increasing elevation observed in V06 continues, it has been shown that some notable improvements were achieved in continuous and categorical metrics. We then applied widely used non-hierarchical (K-means) and hierarchical (Ward's method) clustering techniques. To perform this, we first applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the number of variables related to extreme precipitation (e.g. amount, frequency, standard deviation, and seasonality) and geographic characteristics to identify the most significant variables for analysis. The K-means method delineated Türkiye into eight extreme precipitation regions, while the Ward's method resulted in six distinct extreme precipitation regions. We evaluated the results based on the existing extreme precipitation climatology literature for Türkiye and by associating them to known precipitation dynamics, and as a result, we recommended eight precipitation regions determined by the K-means. The identified precipitation regions are expected to contribute to future studies analyzing the effects of climate change and to regional studies on natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Arctic Sea ice anomalies on tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern North Pacific: Role of northern Atlantic Sea surface temperature anomalies","authors":"Xi Cao, Renguang Wu, Pengfei Wang, Zhibiao Wang, Lei Zhou, Shangfeng Chen, Liang Wu, Suqin Zhang, Xianling Jiang, Zhencai Du, Yifeng Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107844","url":null,"abstract":"The present study identifies a close linkage between spring (MAM) sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies in the Greenland-Barents (GB) Seas and the tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency over the eastern North Pacific (ENP) in the subsequent summer and fall (JJASON) during 1979–2022. An increase in MAM GB SIC anomalies results in a decrease in subsequent JJASON ENP TC genesis frequency. The physical process for the influence of Arctic sea ice anomalies on TC formation is further examined. Detailed dynamical diagnosis reveals that a higher GB SIC during MAM results in an increase in upward shortwave radiation, leading to sea surface temperature (SST) cooling. This SST cooling triggers a teleconnection atmospheric wave train, traversing Eurasia, the northern Pacific and the northern America and reaching the northern Atlantic. The associated anomalous cyclone over mid-latitude northern Atlantic is accompanied by anomalous southwesterly winds over the subtropics, leading to SST warming in the subtropical northern Atlantic through weakening total wind speed and upward surface latent heat flux. SST warming in the subtropical northern Atlantic extends southward into the tropical Atlantic via wind-evaporation-SST feedback during the subsequent summer and autumn, which induces an anomalous zonal-vertical circulation with descending motion over the ENP. This descending motion reduces relative humidity and weakens local convection over the ENP, and thus is unfavorable for TC genesis there. This study suggests that the spring GB SIC could serve as a potential predictor of JJASON ENP TC genesis.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observed size-dependent effect of the marine air on aerosols hygroscopicity at a coastal site of Shenzhen, China","authors":"SongJian Zou, Lu Chen, Honghao Xu, Rou Zhang, Mengyu Liu, Guiquan Liu, Jianhuai Ye, Honglong Yang, Hao Wu, Yinshan Yang, Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107830","url":null,"abstract":"Aerosols hygroscopicity and CCN activity in coastal area is influenced by continental-marine air interaction, probably exerting a profound climate effect. In this study, combining field measurement at a coastal site in Shenzhen with a back trajectory model, we have identified an externally-mixed sea salt mode in accumulated particles, where the hygroscopic parameter (<ce:italic>κ</ce:italic>) ranges from 0.97 to 1.14. The sea salt mode, however, was not observed for ultrafine particles in nucleation/Aitken modes. Nonetheless, the.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi hazard extreme weather event in Southern Italy: Assessment and sensitivity tests of the WRF model","authors":"E. Avolio, G. Castorina, R.C. Torcasio, S. Federico","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107827","url":null,"abstract":"A deep convective system affected the southern Mediterranean on 3–4 December 2022 causing heavy rains and wind gusts over three Italian regions (Sicily, Calabria, and Apulia) and a tornado in Calabria. We study the forecast sensitivity of this multi-hazard weather event to different physical parameterizations and configuration settings of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model, used at convection permitting horizontal resolution; in particular, we performed sensitivity tests on the role of the initial and boundary conditions, on the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), on the model horizontal resolution and on the cumulus parameterization. Moreover, a 6 h rapid update data assimilation analysis (3DVAR)/forecast cycle was investigated to further study the short-term forecast capabilities of the modeling system. Most of the WRF configurations are able to well simulate the characteristics of the weather system, even if there are differences among the configurations, especially at the local scale, which causes differences in forecast performances. We found that the quality of the forecast is sensitive to the initial and boundary conditions with the best members having a probability of detection around 30–40 % for rainfall intensities of 40–50 mm/6 h. Most of the forecasts decrease their performance for larger precipitation thresholds, with few exceptions. Specifically, we found that increasing the horizontal resolution was beneficial for the case study as the probability of detection remains larger than 0.2 for rainfall thresholds larger than 60 mm/6 h and up to 100 mm/6 h. In addition, the forecast with lightning and radar reflectivity data assimilation has a probability of detection larger than 0.4 for the same intense thresholds; in both cases false alarms are not increased. For the tornado simulation, no improvement was found adopting 3DVAR. A possible forecasting strategy for severe weather events is outlined.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Quantifying the effect of wind turbines on lightning location and characteristics” [Atmospheric Research Volume 221, 30 January 2019]","authors":"Serge Soula, Jean-François Georgis, David Salaün","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband VHF lightning radiation sources localization by ESPRIT algorithm","authors":"Shuangjiang Du ,&nbsp;Lihua Shi ,&nbsp;Shi Qiu,&nbsp;Yantao Duan,&nbsp;Yun Li,&nbsp;Zheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast and fine radiation source localization algorithm is of vital importance to lightning warning and protection. Current high-accuracy localization techniques, such as the time reversal technique (TR) and the multiple signal classification (MUSIC), are based on traversal search mechanism, which takes a long time. In this paper, the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) is applied to lightning radiation source localization, and the direction of arrival (DOA) can be directly solved through the covariance matrix, so it is very efficient. For the broadband VHF signal, the incoherent signal method (ISM) is combined with ESPRIT. Two classical structures of uniform <span><math><mi>L</mi></math></span>-shaped array and uniform circular array are studied and applied to ESPRIT algorithm. As for the uniform circular array, the fourth order cumulant matrix is constructed to find the translation invariant subarrays. To unwrap the phase ambiguity caused by the calculated phase angle of ESPRIT algorithm, the total least difference of slope (TLDS) principle is proposed. The proposed ESPRIT algorithm is more than 1400 times faster than MUSIC while its localization accuracy is still pretty high, which is able to detect the radiation source under -8 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) according to the result of numerical simulations, and can map continuous and fine lightning development channel in the experiments on the measured lightning data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of complex orography on numerical simulations of a downburst event in Spain","authors":"J. Díaz-Fernández ,&nbsp;C. Calvo-Sancho ,&nbsp;P. Bolgiani ,&nbsp;M. Sastre ,&nbsp;M. López-Reyes ,&nbsp;S. Fernández-González ,&nbsp;M.L. Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A downburst is a localized and intense downdraft of air that descends quickly from the middle troposphere and reaches the Earth's surface. It is frequently originated by a thunderstorm or a supercell. Downburst winds can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and pose a great threat to aviation traffic. On July 1, 2018, many supercells were spotted near the Zaragoza Airport (Spain), and at least one of them generated a downburst that affected the airport, causing significant damage in the surrounding area. This event is here simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) numerical weather prediction model. Three different WRF-ARW orography experiments are carried out to investigate if the region's complex orography has an important role in supercell and downburst development over the research area. One of the three experiments uses the default orography as control; another one uses a 90 % smoothed orography, and the third experiment is configured with a high-resolution dataset. Several atmospheric and convective variables are compared for each orography experiment. Results show that MUCAPE is clearly higher when the orography complexity is reduced. The smoothing process leads to a more uniform wind flow, contributing to the formation of numerous supercells. However, supercells channel through valleys and mountains in the control and high-resolution orography experiments, where the surface wind divergences are uniquely reproduced, and the highest reflectivity values are observed. Moisture advection from the Mediterranean Sea is essential in the process, reaching more deeply into the study region in the smoothed orography experiment due to the lack of orographic barriers. Orography affects dynamic and thermodynamic features, which have considerable effects on the formation and development of downbursts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into the dominant cloud microphysical processes in extreme-rain-producing storms occurred on 7 May 2017 over Southern China","authors":"Jinfang Yin ,&nbsp;Liyan Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Haoran Li ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhou ,&nbsp;Hong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an analysis of the dominant cloud microphysical processes of the extreme rainfall event on 7 May 2017, using a series of convective-permitting simulations. Special emphasis is placed on the microphysical processes of two extreme-rain-producing storms, yielding hourly rainfalls exceeding 120 mm. For the Huashan (HS) storm, a large amount of cloud water is produced through condensation (PRW_VCD) within the storm, and significant rainwater is generated by the collection of cloud water by raindrops (PRR_RCW). As for the Jiulong (JL) storm, warm rain microphysical processes are as same as the HS storm. Additionally, considerable rainwater is produced via the collection of graupel by raindrops (PRR_RCG), with contributions also coming from the melting of graupel (PRR_GML). It is noteworthy that there is slight evaporation of raindrops (PRV_REV) in both storms. To verify the dominant cloud microphysical processes of the extreme rainfalls, an experiment has been conducted using a simple ice microphysics scheme that covers the aforementioned dominant microphysical processes. The results indicate that extreme rainfalls are well replicated with the simple microphysics scheme, showing good agreement in spatial distribution and temporal evolution with observations and the control run. The experiment confirms largely the dominant cloud microphysical processes responsible for the extreme rainfall. Based on the results, we propose that placing special emphasis on the treatment of snow terminal velocity in the Thompson scheme would improve the performance of the scheme for heavy rainfall simulation. The findings gained here may help further understand cloud microphysical processes for localized extreme rainfall over southern China, and provide guidance for the improvement of cloud microphysics schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}