Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Characteristic analysis of water vapor variation using GNSS tomography during the 2023 typhoon-induced rainstorm in Jingjinji area, China","authors":"Linghao Zhou ,&nbsp;Hong Liang ,&nbsp;Yunchang Cao ,&nbsp;Lei Fan ,&nbsp;Chuang Shi ,&nbsp;Chalermchon Satirapod","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Induced by Super Typhoon Doksuri and Khanun, an extreme rainstorm hit the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei province (Jingjinji area) of China in 2023, causing severe damage and losses. To comprehensively understand the mechanism of water vapor supply, this study applied the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography technique to retrieve three-dimensional (3D) water vapor fields during the rainstorm. After ensuring the feasibility of GNSS-derived water vapor field, the characteristics of water vapor during the rainstorm were analyzed with rainfall record and regional topography. Integrated water vapor (IWV) from GNSS tomographic results was first investigated. Temporal analysis at four selected GNSS station indicates that the IWV fluctuated and rose before the heavy rainfall occurred, and kept at a high level during the rainstorm. This was primarily due to the persistent transport of water vapor from the ocean surface through the warm and moist airflow caused by two typhoons. Combining analysis with the spatial distribution of IWV and topography, the transported water vapor converged in the central and southern parts of Jingjinji area due to the obstructions of Yanshan Mountains in the north and Taihang Mountains in the east. The falling area of this rainstorm coincided with water vapor convergence zone, demonstrating the potential of GNSS technique for rainstorm diagnosis. Besides, 3D water vapor variation was also investigated with regional topography. Horizontal distribution of water vapor density (WVD) at representative levels evidently exhibited the water vapor convergence through transportation of typhoon and obstruction of terrain. Moreover, profiles about WVD and vertical velocity in both latitude and longitude directions were analyzed. Vertical water vapor variation was in accordance with vertical velocity, indicating that the concentration process of water vapor due to topography can be captured by GNSS tomography. In general, GNSS tomography is a useful technique for clearly exhibiting water vapor variation in multi-dimensions. This is particularly important for monitoring severe rainstorms which are significantly influenced by topography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the relative importance of the prognostic hail mixing ratio and predicted graupel density on the vertical reflectivity structure in bulk cloud microphysics schemes","authors":"Sun-Young Park,&nbsp;Kyo-Sun Sunny Lim,&nbsp;Joonghyun Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares the performance of two versions of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Double-Moment 6-class (WDM6) microphysics scheme—one additionally incorporating the prognostic hail mixing ratio and the other additionally including the predicted graupel density—in terms of cloud morphology based on Contoured Frequency by Altitude Diagrams (CFADs) of radar reflectivity and simulated precipitation. The WDM6 scheme incorporating the predicted graupel density is based on the scheme of <span><span>Park et al. (2024)</span></span>. The WDM6 scheme incorporating a hail category is newly developed in this study. The new hail properties include the size distribution, fall velocity–diameter relationships, mass–diameter relationships, and density with relevant hail microphysical processes. Thirteen precipitation events—including winter snowfall, summer rainfall, and hail—are evaluated to investigate the effect of the prognostic hail mixing ratio and predicted graupel density on the vertical distribution of radar reflectivity and simulated surface precipitation. The CFAD analysis reveals that, in most cases, the scheme with the predicted graupel density better simulates the reflectivity patterns compared with observational data, while the scheme with a hail category tends to overestimate the frequency of strong reflectivity due to the hail generation; additionally, the latter scheme simulates unrealistically high reflectivity of up to 60 dBZ. The analysis of vertical profiles of mixing ratios and associated microphysical processes indicates that, in the scheme incorporating the predicted graupel density, the reduction in the graupel mixing ratio is a key factor in improving the simulated radar reflectivity. Although the revised scheme incorporating the hail mixing ratio shows a reduction in the graupel mixing ratio, the incorporation of the hail mixing ratio leads to the overestimation of radar reflectivity compared to the observed values. These findings suggest that representing the properties of solid-phase hydrometeors is more important for simulating realistic vertical radar-reflectivity profiles, which implies the simulation of more realistic microphysical processes, than increasing the number of solid-phase hydrometeor categories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microphysical mechanisms driving rain-to-snow transitions under contrasting near-surface thermodynamic and moisture conditions","authors":"Yao Li ,&nbsp;Yueqin Shi ,&nbsp;Shuhui Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuwen Zhao ,&nbsp;Xin Qin ,&nbsp;Li Sun ,&nbsp;Tiening Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Winter precipitation events, involving complex transitions between rain and snow, pose a significant forecasting challenge and often lead to severe weather hazards. The difficulty in predicting precipitation type stems from an incomplete understanding of the microphysical processes that govern these transitions under diverse atmospheric conditions. This study investigates two rain-to-snow transition events in western Liaoning, China. Both cases shared a common evolution from rain to snow, with the melting of ice-phase particles aloft serving as the initial source for raindrops. However, they occurred under contrasting near-surface thermodynamic and moisture conditions—one with a sub-freezing, dry sub-cloud layer (Case 1) and the other with a near-0 °C, moist layer (Case 2), leading to distinct transition processes. Ground-based disdrometer observations revealed distinct surface precipitation characteristics driving rain-to-snow transitions. In Case 1, a bimodal velocity-diameter (V–D) distribution indicated the coexistence of rain and snow. In contrast, Case 2 was characterized by a unimodal V–D distribution of dense, rimed particles. High-resolution WRF simulations using the Thompson microphysics scheme successfully reproduced these transitions. The simulations accurately captured the particle size distributions (PSDs) of rain and graupel. A comparative analysis identified distinct microphysical processes as the primary difference between the two cases, governed by the vertical profiles of temperature and humidity. In Case 1, melting initiated at higher altitudes, followed by in-cloud riming. In the subsequent descent through the sub-cloud dry layer, strong evaporation and sublimation cooled the environment and removed liquid water, causing a rapid transition to snow. In Case 2, a deeper warm layer resulted in lower-altitude melting, while high near-surface moisture fueled dominant riming processes within the near-surface layer, prolonging the mixed-phase period with dense hydrometeors. Conceptual models illustrate how near-surface temperature and relative humidity jointly regulate the key microphysical processes such as melting, riming, evaporation, and sublimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108449"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol extinction coefficient estimation over the European troposphere and lower stratosphere using CALIOP profiles","authors":"Mohammad Taher Kavosh,&nbsp;Mehran Satari","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC) is a critical parameter in atmospheric research, providing valuable insights into aerosol concentration, composition, and their effects on solar radiation, air quality, and climate change. While the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite offers high temporal continuity in vertical profiling, its AEC retrievals rely on multiple assumptions —such as fixed lidar ratios, layer homogeneity, and pre-defined aerosol models—which introduce uncertainties and limit retrieval accuracy. To address these limitations, this study proposes a deep learning-based method utilizing a ResNet architecture to estimate and retrieve AEC profiles more accurately. The model is trained using CALIOP data and ground-based measurements from European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) stations, enhancing predictive performance and generalization. The proposed model's performance was evaluated across multiple EARLINET stations, CALIOP Level 2 (L2) products, and two major aerosol events—a European dust storm and aged volcanic ash over north Europa—demonstrating robustness across diverse atmospheric conditions. Comparisons of total column Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and LiDAR ratio (LR) profiles derived from the estimated AEC with CALIOP L2 retrievals and EARLINET measurements highlighted the model's superior accuracy and generalization. Specifically, the model showed excellent agreement with EARLINET AOD (R² = 0.98, RMSE = 0.01), significantly outperforming CALIOP (R² = 0.21, RMSE = 0.06). Moreover, the model provides vertically resolved LR profiles from 0 to 15 km, whereas CALIOP L2 offers limited and often fixed LR values due to missing AEC data and restrictive assumptions. Notably, the backscatter, AEC, and LR profiles produced by the model consistently outperformed CALIOP L2 retrievals when validated against EARLINET Raman measurements. Additionally, AOD estimates showed strong agreement with EARLINET data, achieving R² and RMSE values of 0.98 and 0.01, respectively, compared to CALIOP's 0.21 and 0.06. The analysis of LR values for the significant aerosol events aligned well with the physical characteristics of these phenomena, underscoring the model's ability to capture complex aerosol behavior across vertical layers of the European troposphere and lower stratosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The comprehensive fingerprints of VOCs from complex coking emissions and their temporal evolution in the atmosphere based on backward inference method","authors":"Hongyan Li ,&nbsp;Shidan Huang ,&nbsp;Yuanchun Ren ,&nbsp;Yanru Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing'’ai Bai ,&nbsp;Hongyu Li ,&nbsp;Guozhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueying Gao ,&nbsp;Yang Cui ,&nbsp;Lili Guo ,&nbsp;Jie Fan ,&nbsp;Yongchun Liu ,&nbsp;Guo Fu ,&nbsp;Zhentao Wang ,&nbsp;Qiusheng He ,&nbsp;Yang Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coking industries are an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Coking emissions are characterized by diverse emission points, species and intensities, leading to inconsistencies in emission profiles. This complexity complicates the accurate identification of coking-related pollutants in the atmosphere. To obtain a distinct VOC fingerprint from coking emissions, 57 VOCs were detected based on a comprehensive sampling campaign conducted at three strategically placed sites (one in an area with intensive coking activity and two downwind sites) and one control site. We found a positive correlation between the contribution of coking emissions to total VOCs (TVOCs) (between 10.4 % and 44.2 %) and the severity of VOC pollution (TVOC content ranging from 28.75 to 49.28 ppbv). Furthermore, increases in the contribution of coking emissions to TVOC content resulted in increases in the proportions of alkenes (from 10 % to 19 % in summer and 13 % to 20 % in autumn) and aromatics (from 6 % to 18 % in autumn) in TVOCs. Ethane, ethene, propene, benzene, toluene, and acetylene were identified as dominant VOC species in coking emissions. Their concentrations increased as coking activity increased and were highly prevalent in the coking source profile, as indicated by positive matrix factorization analysis. The ratio of benzene to toluene, alongside the relative proportions of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene and of ethane, propane, and ethene was effective diagnostic indicators for identifying coking sources. The PMF-resolved factor profile from our field campaign could accurately represent coking emissions. Photochemical aging led to an underestimation of the coking-source contribution but had little effect on the ranges of the diagnostic indicators or the chemical profile of VOCs from coking sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the extreme heavy precipitation event in Zhengzhou, China during the summer of 2021 and zonal baroclinic Rossby wave packets","authors":"Dechao Ye ,&nbsp;Zhaoyong Guan ,&nbsp;Dachao Jin ,&nbsp;Liang Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From July 17 to 22, 2021, Zhengzhou City and its surrounding areas in Henan Province, China, experienced the strongest precipitation event since the inception of modern meteorological records in the country. Using daily precipitation data from China Meteorological Administration stations spanning 1951–2024 and daily gridded reanalysis data from ERA5 over 1979–2024, we investigated the relationship between zonal baroclinic Rossby wave packets (RWPs) and this extreme heavy precipitation event in Zhengzhou. The results demonstrated that during the extreme precipitation event in Zhengzhou, no noticeable cyclone but cyclonic curvature of streamlines was observed at 850 hPa, while a “moisture tongue” provided rich water vapor necessary for the intense rainfall. The activities of the zonally baroclinic RWPs were closely linked to the onset and cessation of the heavy precipitation. Throughout the period of the extreme precipitation event, there consistently exhibited more pronounced daily activities of Rossby waves with wavenumbers 5–7 in the Eastern Hemisphere as compared to those in the Western Hemisphere. The RWPs influencing the extreme event originated in the upper atmosphere from Western Europe and propagated to the Zhengzhou area over a period of approximately five days. The zonal baroclinic RWPs at 300 hPa contributed to negative vorticity over Zhengzhou, facilitating the development and maintenance of extreme precipitation events there. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms behind extreme heavy precipitation and offer useful clues to forecasting such events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A severe drought event over Eastern China during the winter of 2024/25 and the synergistic effects of the Indo-Pacific SST and Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Tiejun Xie ,&nbsp;Zijia Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Ding ,&nbsp;Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Bin Zuo ,&nbsp;Liang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using observational and reanalysis data, this study investigates the severe winter drought event in Eastern China during 2024/25, which is the most extreme in at least four decades. The event featured a record-low Eastern China winter precipitation (ECWP) of 36.24 mm, with over 80 % precipitation deficits in multiple Eastern China regions and numerous stations recording their lowest/second/third-lowest winter precipitation, 39 consecutive days of nearly no measurable precipitation. Statistical analysis and dynamic diagnostics reveal that the ECWP is synergistically influenced by the Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and Tibetan Plateau (TP) thermal conditions. The Equatorial-North Pacific (ENP) and Indian Ocean SSTs modulate the ECWP by affecting circulation to regulate moisture transport from the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal to Eastern China, respectively. The TP thermal effect exerts its effects through cold (warm) temperatures inducing an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) near the TP, which enhance (suppress) moisture transport to Eastern China and thereby increase (reduce) the ECWP. During the winter of 2024/25, both the Indo-Pacific SST and TP thermal conditions were unfavorable for the ECWP. A multi-factor empirical model for the ECWP, constructed based on the Indo-Pacific SST and TP thermal conditions, exhibits strong simulation capabilities for the ECWP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108444"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of severe turbulence during aircraft circumnavigation: A case study","authors":"Kuo Zhou ,&nbsp;Lingkun Ran ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Mingyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Haiwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On July 10, 2023, at 08:53 UTC, the CA1524 flight from Shanghai to Beijing encountered severe turbulence while circumventing a convective system. A large-eddy simulation (LES) of this turbulence event was conducted using radar observation data. The LES with a 100 m horizontal grid spacing successfully reproduced the temporal and spatial characteristics of the severe turbulence, including the intensity distribution of vertical velocity within the turbulence region. The simulation results revealed that the turbulence was closely associated with a sudden intensification of vertical motion within a local cloud cluster. Analysis of the vertical motion equation demonstrated that atmospheric buoyancy was the primary driver of the localized vertical motion enhancement. The turbulence region featured an upward-extending moist tongue, where converging water vapor condensed into cloud droplets, releasing latent heat and warming the surrounding air. This thermal effect further amplified atmospheric buoyancy, promoting the intensification of local vertical motion. The enhanced vertical motion, combined with downstream mountain waves, jointly facilitated the development of turbulence within the cloud cluster. These findings highlight that the upward-extending moist tongue represents a significant hazard that should be considered during aircraft circumnavigation of severe convection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of vertical wind characteristics of convection over a tropical location","authors":"R. Nair Meenu ,&nbsp;M.C.R. Kalapureddy ,&nbsp;Shridhar Kumar ,&nbsp;T. Narayana Rao ,&nbsp;M.V. Ratnam","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical wind plays a crucial role in convection and cloud processes, transporting mass and momentum to the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Very high frequency wind profiling radars uniquely measure vertical wind velocity profiles under all weather conditions. This study examines ten years of observed vertical wind using wind profiler over a tropical station, Gadanki, to characterize draft cores and vertical wind patterns pertinent to convection episodes. Downdraft cores (764) outnumber updraft cores (484), with core properties following a lognormal distribution favoring stronger updraft intensities. Over 70 % of updrafts and 90 % of downdrafts have maximum value below 5 m s⁻¹, and only 12 % persist beyond 15 min. Updrafts show significant vertical variation above 5 km, unlike downdrafts. Among convective types—shallow, congestus, and deep—congestus are most frequent, while deep cores are less common. The velocity difference between shallow and deep updraft cores is 7 m s⁻¹ as compared to 1.64 m s⁻¹ for downdrafts, indicating predominantly stronger updrafts overall. During the southwest and northeast monsoon seasons, weaker updrafts and downdrafts occur at lower altitudes, gradually increasing with height. Pre-monsoon updraft profiles exhibit prominent double peaks near 5.0 km and 13.5 km altitude, whereas, during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods, single peaks prevail around 10 km and 11 km, respectively. Seasonally, congestus cores (∼20 %) exhibit the highest occurrence in the post-monsoon and the lowest in the pre-monsoon. The observational vertical structure of convective dynamics over a tropical station unravels the realistic updraft and downdraft core magnitudes pertinent to tropical convection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the influence of aerosols on urban precipitation: A sensitivity study of Dallas–Fort Worth","authors":"Giacomo Moraglia,&nbsp;Paola Crippa","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization influences tropospheric circulation, particularly around large cities. While the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect on regional rainfall is well-documented, larger uncertainties still remain for urban aerosol’s effect on precipitation. This study employs the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to examine aerosol-driven modifications to urban precipitation in Dallas–Fort Worth, TX, during both a deep convective and a stratiform event. We generate a WRF-Chem ensemble that explores multiple scenarios, including simulations with and without atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, land use perturbations, and altered background emissions, enabling the isolation of key physical and chemical drivers of rainfall variability. From this analysis it emerges that urban and background aerosols exert a significant influence on precipitation affecting cloud life-cycle and storm dynamics through changes in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, cloud water paths, latent heat fluxes, and vertical velocities. During the analyzed deep convective event, numerous ultrafine anthropogenic aerosols activated in the lower atmosphere, forming a transient neutral layer beneath an intrusion of dry air. This process initially suppressed convection; however, as the system evolved, convection progressively intensified through enhanced mixed-phase processes, resulting in a significant increase in urban precipitation. The absence of this aerosol-driven mechanism in the simulation without chemistry led to an underestimation of urban rainfall intensity. In contrast, no significant changes are found for the stratiform event due to land-use perturbation and aerosols. These findings highlight the importance of aerosol-cloud interactions in urban meteorology and provide insights for potentially improving weather forecasting in densely populated regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}