Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation on subseasonal wet-dry rapid transition over the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River Valley","authors":"Can Cao ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study identified two distinct categories of subseasonal precipitation events (SPEs) over the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River Valley (MLYRV) during boreal summer based on the wet-dry rapid transition (WDRT) phenomenon, namely: subseasonal WDRT precipitation events (SRTPEs) and non-WDRT precipitation event (SNPEs). Although after cessations of these two events, area-averaged negative intraseasonal precipitation anomalies over the MLYRV both reach their peaks at pentad 2, the amplitude is greater for SRTPEs, in contrast to SNPEs. In conjunction with the stronger negative precipitation anomaly, the intensity of the anomalous descending motion at 500 hPa and the moisture flux divergence anomaly at 700 hPa averaged over the MLYRV are larger for SRTPEs. Furthermore, observational and model results reveal that the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) activities over the western North Pacific (WNP) are more vigorous for SRTPEs and the BSISO variations serve as a pivotal origin for discrepancies in these two dynamic factors at pentad 2 through the linear dry dynamic process. In order to elucidate underlying mechanisms of the area-averaged BSISO convection change, moisture budget and multi-scale interaction diagnoses are conducted and results underscore the crucial role of the difference in regionally averaged vertical gradient of low-frequency background moisture over the WNP in driving such BSISO convection variation. Additionally, some individual cases of SRTPEs and SNPEs are also examined. These discoveries provide us with a novel perspective to comprehend diversities of SPEs over the MLYRV and may contribute potentially to the subseasonal forecasting for this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data assimilation of weather radar reflectivity with a blending hydrometer retrieval scheme for two convective storms in East China","authors":"Feifei Shen ,&nbsp;Shen Wan ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Jingyao Luo ,&nbsp;Zhixin He ,&nbsp;Haiyan Fei ,&nbsp;Lixin Song ,&nbsp;Qilong Sun ,&nbsp;Dongmei Xu ,&nbsp;Jiajun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its data assimilation (DA) system, different hydrometeor retrieval schemes are explored in the indirect assimilation of radar reflectivity for two convective storm cases occurred in Jiangsu and Anhui. In indirect radar reflectivity data assimilation, two frequently-used hydrometeor retrieval methods exist: background-temperature-dependent (BTD) and background-hydrometeors-dependent (BHD) schemes. The BTD method empirically assigns contribution ratio of hydrometeors to the total equivalent reflectivity across different background temperature thresholds. The BHD scheme derives each type of hydrometeor based on proportions estimated from the background for different heights and reflectivity intervals. In this study, an adaptive blending scheme is developed to integrate the BTD and BHD methods. This approach aims to mitigate errors associated with empirical temperature relationships and the fixed proportion of the weights for snow and graupel in the BTD scheme and with uncertainties inherent in the hydrometers from the background in the BHB scheme. The standard deviations of the hydrometeor mixing ratios from each scheme based on surrounding 25 grid points are utilized to derive weights that dynamically blend the contributions of the two methods. The results from the Exp_hydro experiment using the blending scheme demonstrate that this approach adaptively adjusts the hydrometeor weights of the other two retrieval schemes in response to background changes during the DA cycle. Consequently, the analysis achieves hydrometeor mixing ratios that are more consistent with the background conditions. Furthermore, the forecasts from the Exp_hydro experiment demonstrate that blending scheme improves the accuracy of the reflectivity echo structure and surface wind in the short term for the Jiangsu case. For the Anhui case, the FSSs for precipitation and reflectivity further demonstrate the measurable improvements of the blending hydrometeor retrieval scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pacific decadal oscillation modulates the decadal variations of spring Eurasian snow cover","authors":"Taotao Zhang ,&nbsp;Haishan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prominent decadal variations can be observed in the warming-induced long-term decline of Eurasian spring snow cover, which have reversed or accelerated the decreasing trend during some periods, making the understanding and prediction of the response of snow cover to climate warming more complicated. However, it remains unknown what contributes to such decadal variations. This study reveals that the spring snow cover over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia features a consistent oscillation on the decadal timescale, which is tightly associated with the preceding winter Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The sea surface temperature anomaly related to the winter PDO can persist into the following spring and excite an anomalous wave train type circulation extending eastward from North Pacific to Eurasia. In the positive PDO phases, there is an anticyclonic and a cyclonic circulation over northern Europe and northeast Eurasia that would reduce the surface air temperature over northern Eurasia via favoring the cold advection and negative diabatic heating. Consequently, the decreased air temperature is conducive to forming the positive anomaly of snow cover. Our results can provide a valuable clue for the decadal prediction of spring Eurasian snow cover variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fair weather electric field variability in Buenos Aires: The role of traffic and pandemic lockdowns","authors":"Yasmin R. Velazquez ,&nbsp;M. Gabriela Nicora ,&nbsp;Vito S. Galligani ,&nbsp;E.A. Wolfram ,&nbsp;Raul L. D'Elia","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential gradient variable (PG) is sensitive to several atmospheric processes. This study analyses the effect of traffic on the PG recorded at the Buenos Aires station under fair weather (FW) conditions. To identify the existence or not of an effect of traffic on the PG (FW), different statistical techniques were used. Significant differences were found in the daily means of PG (FW) between weekdays (W) and weekends (Wd), with consistent patterns throughout the year. In addition, spectral analysis revealed a significant seven-day cycle. When vehicular flow and nitrogen dioxide (<span><math><msub><mi>NO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>) concentrations were examined for both W and Wd days, they showed a variation consistent with the changes observed in PG (FW). Although aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed some changes in its daily variability, it did not show significant differences in its daily means. During the SARS-CoV-2 confinement in 2020, a decrease in PG (FW) was observed, accompanied by a decrease in vehicular flow and <span><math><msub><mi>NO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>, reinforcing the idea of the influence of these emissions on PG (FW). These results highlight the importance of considering anthropogenic effects when analysing PG (FW) in urban areas, especially in locations with low measured pollutant emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing optical properties of HULIS versus WSOC in cloud water of Eastern China - Insights into secondary formation in cloud processes","authors":"Xinghui Liu ,&nbsp;Huiting Mao ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Nie ,&nbsp;Jiebo Zhen ,&nbsp;Ping Du ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Xinfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Likun Xue ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects of humic like substances (HULIS) on cloud condensation nuclei, initiation of ice, and global radiative forcing of clouds highlight their significant influence on climate dynamics. However, optical properties of HULIS in cloud water and their indications remain poorly understood. Cloud water samples were gathered from June through August 2021 at Mt. Tai, China, and HULIS and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) within these samples were quantitatively analyzed. The optical characteristics of these substances were examined using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The average concentration of HULIS was 3.14 ± 2.14 mgC L⁻¹ contributing 38 ± 15 wt% to WSOC (9.42 ± 7.50 mgC L⁻¹). A mass absorption efficiency value at 365 nm (MAE₃₆₅) of 0.72 m² g⁻¹ and an absorption Ångström exponent (AAE₃₀₀_–₄₀₀) value of 3.79 were measured for HULIS compared to 0.54 m² g⁻¹ and 3.58 for WSOC. Three fluorescent components, i.e., less oxygenated HULIS (LO-HULIS), highly oxygenated HULIS (HO-HULIS), and protein-like substances (PRLIS), were identified in both HULIS and WSOC employing EEM and parallel factor analysis. HULIS light absorption was dominated by HO-HULIS, followed by that of LO-HULIS and PRLIS. Compared to WSOC, HULIS exhibited enhanced light absorption and a higher degree of humification, attributed to its elevated levels of HO-HULIS and LO-HULIS alongside reduced PRLIS. Furthermore, the degradation of PRLIS was posited as a potential pathway for LO-HULIS formation based on the increasing trend in the ratio of LO-HULIS:PRLIS with decreasing PRLIS in WSOC. This study explores secondary HULIS formation in cloud water, advancing our understanding of HULIS evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of aerosol on the growth of hydrometeors in deep convective clouds","authors":"Xinyi Lin ,&nbsp;Qian Chen ,&nbsp;Zeyong Zou ,&nbsp;Ying He ,&nbsp;Chunsong Lu ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of aerosol on the development of deep convective clouds and the growth of hydrometeors was investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a detailed spectral bin microphysics scheme. The simulated cloud top temperature, the vertical profile of moving speed of hydrometeors, and the spatial distributions of precipitation rate were compared with observations from satellite, cloud radar, and weather stations, respectively. The results show that the smaller cloud droplets in the polluted condition have greater mobility with ambient air, which can reach up to 10 km of altitude comparing with 7 km in clean condition, thereby increase the collecting efficiency between ice crystals and supercooled liquid droplets therein. Moreover, ice crystals move slowly around 8 km, thereby facilitating the riming of ice particles by supercooled water to form hailstones. The efficient upward transport of cloud droplets in the convective core area further amplifies this process. Increased aerosol concentration enhances the hail production rate by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude, and results in a 3.48 % increase in effective terminal velocity of hailstone from surface to 4.5 km. The aerosol-induced hail growth effect is stronger over convective cores than that over non-core area. The intensified sedimentation of hail and its accompanying melting in strong downdraft regions contribute to the increased surface precipitation at late stage of convection in polluted condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lightning augmented recurrent nowcasting model based on self-supervised learning and multi-modal fusion method","authors":"Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Zeming Zhou ,&nbsp;Kangquan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heavy class imbalance problem and the multi-source observations fusion remain challenges for lightning nowcasting based on deep learning method. To address the problems, this paper proposes a novel lightning augmented recurrent nowcasting (LARN) model which trained with a two-step training approach. The first training stage is designed as a lightning augmented pretraining (LAP) module based on self-supervised learning method, which can focus on the critical lightning events to solve the heavy class imbalance problem. The second training stage is designed as a multi-modal data fusion module (MDF), which can effectively fuse lightning, radar and satellite observations to nowcasting lightning. The results of experimental evaluations demonstrate the performance of LARN model outperforms the existing nowcasting models with lead times for up to 90 min. The ablation study shows that the two training stages cooperate well, with the LAP module improving the hit rate and the MDF module reducing the false alarm rate. For the radar and satellite modalities, the vertically integrated liquid (VIL) exhibits the most informative power for lightning nowcasting, followed by 10.7 μm brightness temperatures (IR107) and then 6.9 μm brightness temperatures (IR069). Case studies show that the LARN model can better predict the lightning evolution under different type of thunderstorms. Since the LARN model can reflect the lightning distribution in the reality scenes without adopting under-sampling strategy and subjective loss function design, therefore it can apply to different lightning datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing frequency of warm-dry climate-year type in Northeast China: A major contributor to maize yield shocks","authors":"Sichao Yan ,&nbsp;Huopo Chen ,&nbsp;Shengping He","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the context of climate change, the climatic conditions for maize during different growth stages in Northeast China (NEC) exert a markedly varying influence on the final yield. We define nine Climate-Year Types (CYTs) based on the probability density functions of temperature and precipitation, aiming to explore the underlying drivers of climatic factors contributing to yield shocks. By incorporating a panel regression model, we quantitatively analyze the key compound climate conditions that influence maize yield across different growth stages. The results indicate that the main CYTs are biased towards drier conditions (Cold-Dry, Rainless, Warm-Dry) from 1992 to 2021, while the probability of warmer conditions (Normal-Warm, Warm-Wet, Warm-Dry) is expected to increase throughout the whole growth stage in the future. The overall yield shock is approximately 20 % in the historical period, with projected exacerbation under the future warming scenarios. At present, the dominant CYTs that determines the final yield of maize is changing from colder and wetter conditions in the growing stage to drier and warmer conditions in the reproductive stage. Moreover, the Warm-Dry CYT emerges as the most significant climatic factor influencing maize yield, with each occurrence associated with a 3.70 % decrease in yield throughout the whole growth stage in the historical period. Notably, the frequency of Warm-Dry CYT is expected to increase in most cities of NEC, which remains a major contributor to yield shocks, with the magnitude of its impact likely to intensify in the future. In summary, these studies identify the key climate types affecting maize yield at different growth stages in NEC, emphasizing the impact of compound heat and drought. This will provide a scientific basis for targeted measures to enhance yield and mitigate risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Black carbon pollution over India simulated with recent emission inventories and WRF-CHEM model” [Atmospheric Research, 315 (2025) 107931].","authors":"Rahul Sheoran ,&nbsp;Sanhita Ghosh ,&nbsp;U.C. Dumka ,&nbsp;D.G. Kaskaoutis ,&nbsp;R.E.P. Sotiropoulou ,&nbsp;S.D. Attri ,&nbsp;V.K. Soni ,&nbsp;Suresh Tiwari ,&nbsp;Siddharth Singh ,&nbsp;Rahesh K. Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108083"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How well do the reanalysis datasets capture hot and cold extremes and their trends in India?","authors":"Suman Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;Marwan A. Hassan ,&nbsp;S. Sreekesh ,&nbsp;Vandana Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Much of the Earth's surface lacks long-term in-situ measurement of essential meteorological variables. Climate reanalysis datasets provide an alternative in data-sparse regions, sometimes replacing gauge-based observations for climatological studies, however, they have inherent biases. Reanalysis is now available at finer spatial and temporal resolutions, that can be considered for hydrological and climatological studies. Although the assessment of reanalysis datasets is common at a daily, monthly, or seasonal scale, how the recent generation reanalysis captures the spatial pattern of extreme temperature events, and their trends remains an open question.</div><div>In this study, two regional (IMDAA and EARS) and five global (ERA5-Land, ERA5, MERRA2, CFSR, and JRA3Q) reanalysis datasets are evaluated with a gauge-based gridded temperature dataset from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) to assess their suitability for studying extreme temperature events and their trends over India. Fifteen hot and cold extremes indices are identified to characterize extremes covering frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme temperature events.</div><div>The study finds that no single reanalysis outperforms others for all the extreme indices when compared to the IMD gridded data, however, a select few (e.g., ERA5, ERA5L, MERRA2, and JRA3Q) better perform in reproducing the observed spatial pattern of extreme events and their changes across different regions of India. It is also noted that in response to global warming, the frequency, duration, and magnitude of extreme hot events are rising, and cold events are decreasing in India which is also captured by most of these reanalyses. Overall, the increase in hot extremes is more prominent in the south of the tropics and the decline in cold extremes is more evident in the north. However, the trend areas and magnitudes of the reanalysis datasets were not similar in comparison to trends from a regional station-based gridded dataset. Thus, care should be taken when selecting datasets for such applications and interpreting their trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}