AssessmentPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1177/10731911251363539
Emma K Stewart, Thomas M Olino, Kasey Stanton, Daniel N Klein, Elizabeth P Hayden
{"title":"Factor Structure of the Self- and Informant-Report Versions of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire.","authors":"Emma K Stewart, Thomas M Olino, Kasey Stanton, Daniel N Klein, Elizabeth P Hayden","doi":"10.1177/10731911251363539","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911251363539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), a widely used index of parenting, assesses authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive dimensions; however, there is little rigorous work to support this structure. In addition, research on the PSDQ has focused on maternal self-reports, leaving the structure of paternal self-reports and informant-reported caregiving poorly understood. We examined the structure of the PSDQ for mother and father self- and informant-report versions, using exploratory factor analyses, in 401 caregivers with 3-year-old children (Sample 1). A three-factor structure showed the best but not consistently acceptable fit; this was supported by confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) conducted in a sample of 510 caregivers (Sample 2). Removing redundant items improved the fit of the CFAs, such that it was acceptable based on certain indices (i.e., RMSEA and SRMR). These findings support the continued use of the three-factor structure; however, they also indicate that certain items are not useful toward assessing contemporary parenting.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1183-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1177/10731911251382031
Antonia Yuxin Hua, Qimin Liu, Violeta J Rodriguez
{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Regulating Emotions in Parenting Scale in Sexual and Gender Minority Parents.","authors":"Antonia Yuxin Hua, Qimin Liu, Violeta J Rodriguez","doi":"10.1177/10731911251382031","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911251382031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion regulation (ER) in parenting is crucial for parental well-being and children's mental health. However, ER in parenting is often studied as a general construct, overlooking the unique challenges of caregiving, particularly for sexual and gender minority (SGM) parents. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Regulating Emotions in Parenting Scale (REPS) in parents across SGM status. Specifically, we leverage cross-sectional survey data from two national samples of ethno-racially diverse parents (<i>n</i> = 1,958, 32.3% sexual minority, 11.2% gender minority) to evaluate measurement invariance, reliability, and predictive validity of the REPS. Model fit indices suggest that the REPS has a consistent structure, item loadings, and intercepts across groups. In terms of validity, results indicate that adaptive strategies predicted lower child psychopathology, while suppression and rumination were more strongly associated with emotional and behavioral issues. Importantly, parent SGM status did not significantly moderate the associations between REPS and child psychopathology, suggesting that these associations are consistent across diverse family structures. By validating the REPS as a robust tool for assessing parenting-specific ER across diverse parent populations, this work addresses critical gaps in parenting research and promotes more inclusive and equitable approaches to understanding parenting and child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1237-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145367403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1177/10731911251376230
Kelsey L Lowman, Thomas H Costello, Rochelle A Stewart, Keanan J Joyner, Bridget M Bertoldi, Christopher J Patrick
{"title":"Creating Scale Measures of Latent Factors: A Genetic Algorithmic Approach.","authors":"Kelsey L Lowman, Thomas H Costello, Rochelle A Stewart, Keanan J Joyner, Bridget M Bertoldi, Christopher J Patrick","doi":"10.1177/10731911251376230","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911251376230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic algorithms (GAs) are quantitative optimization techniques that have exclusively been utilized for scale abbreviation despite their potential application to new scale development. Here, we modeled the trait constructs of the triarchic psychopathy framework (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) as latent factors, and then applied a modified GA to select items for assessing each using model-estimated factor scores as targets. Items for the new scales were selected from a separate construct-relevant inventory, the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment, based on their ability to efficiently index each triarchic factor, with consideration given to scale intercorrelations and item polarity. Structural and item response modeling methods were then used to refine the GA-selected item sets. The resultant EPA-Triarchic scales correlated highly with their target factor scores and exhibited stronger loadings than the pre-existing scale indicators when added into the model. This work, illustrating a GA approach to devising new scales for indexing latent factors, has broad potential applications in clinical assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1091-1108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1177/10731911251365742
Carlo Garofalo, Eva Billen, Christine Adams, Patrizia Velotti, Claudia Mazzeschi, Elisa Delvecchio, Steven M Gillespie
{"title":"Factor Structure and Construct Validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Prison Samples: A Bass-Ackwards Approach.","authors":"Carlo Garofalo, Eva Billen, Christine Adams, Patrizia Velotti, Claudia Mazzeschi, Elisa Delvecchio, Steven M Gillespie","doi":"10.1177/10731911251365742","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911251365742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the factor structure and construct validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et al., 2006) in two adult male prison samples from England and Wales (<i>N</i> = 318, <i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 33.00, <i>SD</i> = 9.53) and Italy (<i>N</i> = 360, <i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 40.53, <i>SD</i> = 12.20). Bass-Ackwards analysis revealed results generally consistent with the originally intended FFMQ five-factor structure in the England and Wales sample, whereas a four-factor structure (excluding the Describe factor) was the best solution in the Italian sample. Structural problems occurred in both samples, such as negative item-total correlations, items loading on non-target factors, and inconsistent inter-correlations among factors, including negative inter-correlations. Structural equation modeling suggested adequate construct validity with measures of anger, well-being, self-esteem, emotion regulation, dissociation, and impulsivity, but limited discriminant validity across subscales. The findings offer reassurance about the general consistency of results obtained with the original FFMQ subscales in terms of construct validity, while suggesting that inherent issues with FFMQ items may prevent identification of an optimal modeling solution that works across samples. Mindfulness assessment and interventions in prison should embrace multi-method and holistic attention to the broader construct rather than focus on specific components.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1200-1221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1177/10731911251365743
Gina Rossi, Carmen Diaz-Batanero, Sebastiaan P J van Alphen, Arjan C Videler
{"title":"Age-Invariance of the ICD-11 Maladaptive Trait Structure and Connections to Personality Pathology.","authors":"Gina Rossi, Carmen Diaz-Batanero, Sebastiaan P J van Alphen, Arjan C Videler","doi":"10.1177/10731911251365743","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911251365743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abundant critiques of the categorical approach to personality disorders (PD) resulted in the launch of the 11th International Classification of Diseases dimensional (ICD-11) model. This model provides stylistic descriptions of PD expression by trait levels of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Dissociality, Disinhibition, and Anankastia. Earlier studies on the structure of ICD-11 maladaptive traits with the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), provided support for a four-factor solution, yet age-invariance was not examined. Assessment can be hindered by age-biased PD features. Therefore, the current study demonstrated scalar measurement invariance of the four-factor solution in a sample of 685 younger and 223 older community dwelling adults. Older adults scored significantly lower than younger adults on Negative Affectivity and Dissociality, yet the relations between PiCD trait domains and measures of personality pathology were largely comparable across age groups. These results are promising for accurate measurement of maladaptive traits across the whole adult lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1125-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1177/10731911251381536
Kelley Cook
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) Across Sexual Orientation and Gender.","authors":"Kelley Cook","doi":"10.1177/10731911251381536","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10731911251381536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) people experience marginalization, negatively impacting their social, physical, and other mental health outcomes. Studies on LGBTQ+ people utilize scales developed largely for cisgender and heterosexual (cis-hetero) people. This study explored the factor structure, construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) using a sample of 1,436 adults in the United States. Roughly one-fifth of the sample identified as gender-diverse (19.08%; <i>n</i> = 274), as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer or a sexual orientation other than straight (20.61%; <i>n</i> = 296), and from a race or ethnicity other than White (20.06%; <i>n</i> = 288). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported a three-factor measurement model of the MSPSS with gender-diverse people and people who have a marginalized sexual orientation. Invariance tests revealed thresholds were similar across the cis-hetero, marginalized sexual orientations, and gender-diverse groups, supporting measurement invariance. Further, the MSPSS had good internal reliability and convergent construct validity, suggesting sufficient psychometric evidence for use of the MSPSS with people marginalized based on gender and sexual orientation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1222-1236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-09-30DOI: 10.1177/10731911261488763
G Whitman Kent, Farida M H Mahmoud, John-Christopher A Finley, Aubry L Wood, Amanda M Ramirez, Enchi Dai, Bonnie E Gendich, Lexie Thomas, Tyler J Kukla, Malorie E Watson, Brian M Cerny, Matthew S Phillips, Jason R Soble
{"title":"Multiple Elevations on Symptom Validity Indicators Embedded in Psychopathology Screening Measures Improves Specificity When Classifying Invalid Symptom Overreporting.","authors":"G Whitman Kent, Farida M H Mahmoud, John-Christopher A Finley, Aubry L Wood, Amanda M Ramirez, Enchi Dai, Bonnie E Gendich, Lexie Thomas, Tyler J Kukla, Malorie E Watson, Brian M Cerny, Matthew S Phillips, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1177/10731911261488763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261488763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional symptom validity tests (SVT) are crucial yet costly components of routine evaluations. Embedded overreporting SVT cutoffs in commonly used psychopathology screeners exist, but it is unclear how multiple elevations across these measures impact detection accuracy. This study explored if the convergence of elevations across three embedded SVTs, Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, improves invalidity detection accuracy using preselected and sample-derived cutoffs. Individual screeners demonstrated high specificity but low sensitivity, and each screener uniquely predicted validity status. Using conservative/preselected cutoffs, elevating ≥2 embedded SVTs significantly improved specificity to >99% with modest sensitivity (32%), while ≥3 elevations using liberal/sample-derived cutoffs resulted in 98% specificity but an improved sensitivity of 41%. Multiple elevations across embedded SVTs can identify noncredible responding/symptom endorsement on psychopathology screeners, thus signaling that more robust validity testing can be discontinued. However, given the lower sensitivity of this approach, these embedded SVTs may better rule in rather than rule out noncredible responding when elevated.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261488763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-09-29DOI: 10.1177/10731911261486664
Chloe C Hudson, Louis Hickman, Siyi Liu, Hannah Young, Mark A Sabbagh, Kate L Harkness
{"title":"Assessing Individual Differences in Adult Theory of Mind Through Mental State Language: Human and Artificial Intelligence Approaches.","authors":"Chloe C Hudson, Louis Hickman, Siyi Liu, Hannah Young, Mark A Sabbagh, Kate L Harkness","doi":"10.1177/10731911261486664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261486664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theory of mind is central to human social behavior, yet empirical studies rely largely on biased measures with limited ecological validity. We propose and evaluate the use of mental state language as a spontaneous indicator of theory of mind expressed in social interaction. Among research participants (334 undergraduate students, 63.8% non-Hispanic White, 74.3% female) engaged in a dyadic cooperative task with an unfamiliar peer, mental state language demonstrated strong convergent validity with established measures of theory of mind and, when compared to established measures, superior predictive validity for interpersonal functioning. Fine-tuned transformers and open-source generative large language models reliably replicated human coding of mental state language, enabling scalable assessment. These findings offer promising initial construct-validity evidence for mental state language as a measure of theory of mind, and motivate its extension to naturalistic, dynamically unfolding social interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261486664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-09-28DOI: 10.1177/10731911261484781
Wisteria Deng, Zahra Wakif, Benjamin Chong, Tyrone D Cannon
{"title":"Psychometric Refinement of the Interpretation Inflexibility Task: Assessing Validity and Reliability of Two Short Forms.","authors":"Wisteria Deng, Zahra Wakif, Benjamin Chong, Tyrone D Cannon","doi":"10.1177/10731911261484781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261484781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpretation inflexibility, which measures difficulty revising one's initial interpretation of an ambiguous scenario, has been linked to increased negative affective outcomes. The Interpretation Inflexibility Task (IIT) is a useful tool in measuring inflexibility; however, it faces limitations in the length of the task, along with the lack of opportunity for the task to be used for longitudinal studies. The current study collected data from three separate online studies (<i>N</i> = 635) to explore validation and reliability of two short forms (SFs) of the original IIT. Each SF was generated by randomly assigning six items measuring negative inflexibility and six items measuring positive inflexibility, derived from the original 24-item IIT. Results from ANOVA analyses suggest both SFs to be comparable alternatives to the original IIT. These findings aid in addressing prior limitations of the original IIT around task length and re-use for longitudinal studies, and are suitable alternatives to the original task.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261484781"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AssessmentPub Date : 2026-09-27DOI: 10.1177/10731911261484450
Vincent Besch, Thierry Lecerf, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, Christian Greiner, Nader Perroud, Paco Prada, Martin Debbané
{"title":"Development and Validation of the Human Resilience Scale: Evaluating Moderation Effect Between Life-Event Stress and Mental Health.","authors":"Vincent Besch, Thierry Lecerf, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, Christian Greiner, Nader Perroud, Paco Prada, Martin Debbané","doi":"10.1177/10731911261484450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911261484450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resilience refers to maintaining or quickly restoring health after experiencing stress. A recent model proposes that resilience develops with age and results from three factors: flexibility, sociality and meaning. The soundness of this model compared to the theoretical bases of existing scales motivated us to develop a new Human Resilience Scale. A total of 409 participants were included. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to develop a 3-factor scale. Hierarchical linear regression was used to prospectively examine how resilience interacts with stress experienced between two time points 1 year apart to moderate variation in psychopathology. Incremental validity compared results from a similar regression using an existing scale. Results support that an 18-item, 3-factor model of resilience yields high statistical reliability (McDonald's ω = .91), moderates the relationship between stress and mental health more significantly than a current scale, and discriminates individuals according to their age and clinical status.</p>","PeriodicalId":8577,"journal":{"name":"Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"10731911261484450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}