Storia urbana最新文献

{"title":"The Revival of Tokyo as a City of Water and a Future Vision for the City","authors":"Hidenobu Jinnai","doi":"10.3280/su2021-169009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-169009","url":null,"abstract":"Up until the 1950s T?ky?'s character as a \"city of water\" was readily apparent. However, as the city was transformed in the 1960s, through large-scale developments driven by the hosting of the Olympic Games and a broader economic boom, the prominence of T?ky?'s water spaces declined. Yet, by the mid to late 1970s the mega city's waterfront began showing signs of recovery. In this paper I examine the process of T?ky?'s regeneration as a global \"city of water\" up until the early 1990s, divided into four phases: (1) Recovery of nature (water quality) and recreation along and in water spaces; (2) Residential projects in waterfront areas; (3) Loft culture (repurposing of warehouses); and (4) Reconstruction of waterfront districts. I go on to describe aspects of T?ky?'s urban development following the collapse of the \"bubble economy\". Failing to formulate a grand vision for the city, public authorities (principally the T?ky? Metropolitan Government) lost interest in T?ky?'s waterside districts. At around this time, there was a substantial rise in the power and influence of private developers, who focused their interest further inland, on central districts such as Marunouchi, Roppongi, and Shibuya. In waterfront areas, meanwhile, only simple high-rise apartment projects were undertaken. Despite this trend, some interesting new approaches and bottom-up initiatives contributed importantly to T?ky?'s recovery as a \"city of water\". I present some notable examples of these and comment on how the mechanism of urban regeneration in Japanese cities has differed from that of Western cities. Furthermore, I discuss a novel approach to the study of water cities that we are currently exploring. To conclude, I offer a future vision for T?ky? as a \"city of water\".","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73273770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preservation and Continuation of \"Local Ecosystems\": The Case of Tokyo's Public Baths","authors":"Haruka Kuryu","doi":"10.3280/su2021-169008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-169008","url":null,"abstract":"The public bath called sento in Japan has a long history, and it became popular during the Edo Era. There are many sento in urban areas where the population is concentrated, and there are still 500 public baths in Tokyo. A classic sento, designed like a temple imaging heaven, has an architectural presence in the city. These sento not only have a bathing function, but have always played a role as a local community hub, having many possibilities as a safety net for various social problems such as elderly care and childcare, and for social issues such as local disaster resilience. However, in recent years, sento have drastically decreased, due to the spread of in-home baths, the condition of buildings, inheritance problems and so on. In addition sento occupying large pieces of and are prime targets for real-estate developers. The loss of every sento is lamentable, but of even greater concern is the impact on the neighborhood: empty houses without baths are increasingly abandoned, the shops that regular bath customers visited closed, and people stop walking at the street which were illuminated by the light of bathhouse. The area gradually changes and loses its vitality, as sento had supported the \"regional ecosystem\". On the other hand, young people and medias have shown increased interest in sento . Indeed, the role of a community hub is being reevaluated at a time when the lack of communication has become a major issue. Recently, there are increasing number of cases in which sento are operated as a modern local salon with various functions such as event spaces, and runner stations. At the same time, more and more public baths are converted into shared offices and galleries. There are cases that citizens use local vacant buildings to voluntarily create a community hub instead of a sento. Also, we are trying to convert sento to cultural assets, in order to maintain and revitalize sento, which is a symbol of the local community, and reorganize the local network. In this paper, I would like to consider the future of past heritage in popular culture through examples of sento. How can we visualize and utilize the local ecosystem that extends from a sento to the entire region? In Tokyo, a city with a high metabolism, I will introduce local cultural heritage that should be handed down to the future, using the historical local base like sento as a case study, and present its current status, various trials, and possibilities.","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91286243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban and Environmental Territories Emerging from Sacred Water Sites in Edo-Tokyo","authors":"Masahiko Takamura","doi":"10.3280/su2021-169005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-169005","url":null,"abstract":"Low birth rate and increased longevity, population decline, repeated disasters, and now the spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic can all be considered issues faced by cities in the XXI century. One characteristic these problems have in common is that they require a restructuring of cities based on the following question: How do we find an appropriate scale for cities while pursuing a future wherein the urban mechanism supports society rather than the economy? A hint for the historical investigation of this question can be found in the position of sacred sites such as shrines. For example, at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake, many cases were reported of villages' traditional shrines being located just out of the tsunami's reach, and thus avoiding damage. Over the villages' long histories, people constructed sacred sites in safe places, visualising and identifying the appropriate range for these territories based on the area's topographical characteristics and experiences of disaster. When considering the relationship between urban territories and shrines, it should be noted that sacred sites of this kind enshrined a variety of water deities. The emergence of urban and environmental territories in Edo has been elucidated by plotting water deities and sacred springs that shared a close connection to historical figures through the comparison of ancient and current maps, tracing rivers and aqueducts via a combination of topographical and geological maps, and conducting fieldwork. The significant differences between these and early XIX century shubiki maps or administrative district perimeters are proof that the traditional and environmental boundaries acknowledged since ancient times were more important for people's activities than administrative ones. The early modern city of Edo completely reconstructed sacred sites that had existed since ancient or medieval times and imbued them with new meaning. In light of this, rediscovering the historical concept of territories could provide hints on their appropriate range with a view to the solution of current problems related to population decline and disaster recovery, both in Tokyo and in other Japanese cities.","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90748326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory and Representation of Edo through Parody. Edo sunago and Muda sunago","authors":"Paola Maschio","doi":"10.3280/su2021-169004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-169004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper urges consideration of eighteenth-century popular literature known as gesaku in the analysis of Edo's urban culture, through a preliminary study of Muda sunago (1786). Muda sunago is a comic book (sharebon) written as a parody of Edo topographies (chishi), mocking in its title the famous Edo sunago (1732). The paper starts by introducing the two works and the genres to which they pertain, then focuses on the structure of Muda sunago and the process through which the comical \"famous places\" are created. The work is interpreted as a \"map\" representing Edo through its entertainments, which had an important role in the formation of an urban culture, since they offered an opportunity for drawing together the diverse groups of citizens. The parody of the topography format allows a description of each location, expanding the humor already displayed in the name's location. While descriptions in topographies always included historical anecdotes, or memories, as an important part of the place, in Muda sunago jokes are disguised as historical anecdotes. An example is shown in the analysis of the \"Bay of the Skipjack Tuna\", which satirizes the irrational mania of Edo citizens of paying high prices to eat the season's first skipjack tuna (hatsugatsuo). If in topographies, the memory of Edo was used to evoke and create a shared past, in parodies it fulfils a similar role enforcing in the reader the sensation of sharing a common ground with the author, which is necessary for the humor to be recognized as such.","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76438172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Danchi and Tower Mansions. The Origin and Current Situation of Collective Housing in Tokyo: From Centre to Periphery, from Inland to Waterfront","authors":"Makoto Shin Watanabe, Yoko Kinoshita","doi":"10.3280/su2021-169007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-169007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an overview on the location and concentration of housing types in the Tokyo district, with particular focus on danchi and \"mansions\" (particularly \"tower mansions\"). The focus is placed on these two types of housing, the danchi developed by the Japan Housing Corporation, a public housing corporation, and the Tower Mansions developed by the private developers. Neither suburban detached houses, nor the government-subsidized housing other than that of the Kodan, were included in the analysis in order to keep our argument intact. Danchi (public housing estates) built from 1955 to 1970 were mostly built by replacing forests or agricultural areas in the suburbs. Land developments by Kodan as well as by private developers at that time had been concentrated in the inlands. The situation changed after the year 2000, when tower mansions, a building type that featured high-rise and high-density apartment buildings, allowed construction on much smaller plots of land than those in the suburbs, promoting brownfield developments near the city. Consequently, danchi, much of which are rental, and publicly owned, were built in inland, while the tower mansions, essentially privately owned, were located near the city, and near the waterfront. These two contrasting housing examples must be highlighted when studying the state of contemporary housing in Tokyo.","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83096048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premio \"Gian Paolo Treccani\" per il miglior saggio pubblicato sulla rivista. II edizione","authors":"A. C. della Redazione","doi":"10.3280/su2021-169011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-169011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87351284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Il morbo continua a regnare». La peste in Tunisia tra il 1818 e il 1820 nelle relazioni del Console sabaudo Gaetano Palma di Borgofranco","authors":"Giorgio Toso","doi":"10.3280/su2021-168003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-168003","url":null,"abstract":"La Reggenza di Tunisi fu colpita tra il 1818 e il 1820 da una grave epidemia di peste, che causò la morte di migliaia di persone. In questo contesto, i Consoli degli Stati europei presenti nel Paese nordafricano riportarono, nelle relazioni dirette ai loro governi, notizie relative alla diffusione e all'andamento del contagio, alla mortalità e alle misure adottate dalle autorità tunisine durante l'emergenza: per quanto viziate talvolta da pregiudizi o imprecisioni, queste relazioni rappresentano una testimonianza diretta sulla peste in Tunisia e sui suoi effetti. In questa sede si presentano i riferimenti all'epidemia nelle relazioni del Console sabaudo a Tunisi, Gaetano Palma di Borgofranco, con un'attenzione particolare per l'immagine, tendenzialmente negativa, del governo e della popolazione tunisini. Attraverso l'analisi di documenti conservati presso gli Archivi di Stato di Genova e Torino emergono quindi non solo i dati pratici relativi all'epidemia ma anche le idee e gli atteggiamenti di un diplomatico europeo ottocentesco nei confronti di una società musulmana nel corso di un'emergenza sanitaria.","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78225510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misterbianco nel Seicento: vendita e rifondazione di un paese siciliano","authors":"P. Militello","doi":"10.3280/su2021-168001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-168001","url":null,"abstract":"Il saggio ricostruisce la storia di Misterbianco, casale di Catania sulle pendici meridionali dell'Etna, dalle operazioni finanziarie che a metà ‘600 portarono alla sua vendita e infeudazione, fino alla rifondazione seguita alla distruzione causata dall'eruzione del 1669. Attraverso l'analisi dei censimenti fiscali (\"riveli\") del 1682, vengono altresì delineate le articolazioni socio-economiche della \"nuova\" Misterbianco appena ricostruita.","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74017911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storie accademiche, storie pubbliche, patrimonio. La pianificazione urbana nell'Europa post-napoleonica attraverso i due siti Unesco di Nizza e La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle","authors":"Filippo De Pieri","doi":"10.3280/su2021-168006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-168006","url":null,"abstract":"L'articolo pone a confronto due siti recentemente iscritti nella Lista del patrimonio mondiale Unesco - La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle e Nizza - focalizzandosi sui modi in cui le storie della pianificazione urbana del primo Ottocento sono state mobilitate nella costruzione di narrazioni pubbliche associate al patrimonio urbano. Per quanto simili narrazioni possano apparire discutibili se confrontate con l'evidenza documentaria disponibile, esse sembrano anche capaci di assumere un ruolo di stimolo per l'emergere di nuove ricerche su temi finora scarsamente osservati. I casi di studio offrono un interessante punto di vista per approfondire i legami reciproci che potenzialmente esistono tra storie urbane accademiche da un lato e narrazioni socialmente condivise del cambiamento urbano dall'altro. Se osservati insieme, questi due siti Unesco mostrano la necessità di un riesame comparativo della storia dei piani di primo Ottocento basati sulla griglia, specialmente nell'Europa napoleonica. Già interpretati come l'esito di teorie urbane implicite che privilegiavano l'organizzazione razionale, l'iniziativa individuale, la distribuzione uniforme delle opportunità, questi piani sostennero di fatto una notevole pluralità di immaginari sociali - ben esemplificata in questo caso dalla contrapposizione tra piani concepiti come supporto per il turismo internazionale e le attività di svago lungo la costa francese, e un piano concepito come supporto alla produzione industriale tra le montagne svizzere.","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81033730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reformas en las \"Ciudades de Arte\" de España a comienzos del siglo XX. Antonio Palacios y la conservación de una integridad estética en las propuestas para Ourense y Santiago de Compostela","authors":"Jesús Ángel Sánchez-García","doi":"10.3280/su2021-168004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3280/su2021-168004","url":null,"abstract":"Accanto alla pianificazione di nuove città, nei primi decenni del XX secolo il movimento dell'Arte civica trovò nella conservazione delle città storiche uno dei terreni preferenziali per preservare la qualità artistica invocata da Camillo Sitte. All'interno di questo contesto culturale Antonio Palacios formulò le sue proposte di intervento per i centri di due città storiche spagnole: Ourense (1928) e Santiago de Compostela (1932). L'obiettivo funzionale di fornire nuovi accessi alle rispettive cattedrali fu risolto attraverso una piazza fornita di una scalinata nel caso di Ourense e da un viale con un tracciato irregolare e con un effetto scenografico nel caso di Santiago. Prendendo ispirazione dall'architettura storica e tradizionale della Galizia, la personale interpretazione dell'eredità vernacolare fu presentata come uno strumento per operare interventi di riforma e espansione nelle città antiche; tuttavia entrambe le proposte non andarono oltre la fase progettuale.","PeriodicalId":85593,"journal":{"name":"Storia urbana","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88455031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}