Asian Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacogenomics of response to statin treatment and susceptibility to statin-induced adverse drug reactions in Asians: a scoping review.","authors":"Hui-Yin Yow, Sharina Hamzah, Nusaibah Abdul Rahim, Vijayaprakash Suppiah","doi":"10.2478/abm-2023-0050","DOIUrl":"10.2478/abm-2023-0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Statins are the most widely used lipid-lowering agents for patients with hyperlipidemia. However, interindividual variations in efficacy and risk of adverse drug reactions to statin treatment have been widely reported. Ethnicity is well known to be one of the contributing factors to this variation, particularly among Asians.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify genetic variants associated with statin treatment responses among Asian populations with a focus on four commonly prescribed statins: atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases. Studies published from 2008 to 2021 were included. The title and abstract of each article were screened by two reviewers and verified by another two reviewers. Data charted include information on authors, year of study, study population, statin studied, gene studied, study findings, and data of significant statistical value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 articles were included from the 1,939 original studies related to treatment efficacy and 5 articles out of the 284 original studies related to adverse effects. Genetic variants in transmembrane transporters, cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, and apolipoproteins are the most extensively studied among Asian populations, with a main focus on ethnic Chinese. However, Asia consists of genetically different populations, and the results of this review indicated that there is a paucity of studies on other ethnic groups within Asia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the ethnicity of patients could provide a potential value to personalized medicine in statin therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"17 3","pages":"95-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41189516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and environmental risk of congenital anomaly.","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"10.2478/abm-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 6","pages":"283-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10392141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10013540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative effect of different mesoporous bioactive glass materials in experimental tibial defects in rats.","authors":"Ozlem Ozmen, Fatma Tomul, Yusuf Sinan Sirin","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"10.2478/abm-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhancing the bone healing procedure would resultantly improve the post-recovery life quality, as well as the speed with which the patient returns to their former life quality. Porous structures can provide a large surface area and abundant channels to facilitate mass transfer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the application of mesoporous materials in the bone healing of surgically created defects on the tibiae of male adult Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The defect areas were evaluated after implantation of 4 types of bioactive glass histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Fifty adult rats were divided into 5 groups including a control group without material. The used products were mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), Cu-MBG, Zn-MBG, and Cu-Zn-MBG. Unicortical bone defects with a 3 mm diameter were performed in both tibiae of the animals and filled with 4 types of glass particles. The rats were then euthanized at 15 d and 30 d. Tibial samples were collected and the tissues forwarded for histological processing, and examined using light microscopy. Additionally, bone healing was evaluated by assessing the levels of bone morphogenetic protein BMP2, collagen 1, osteocalcin (OST), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the 15th day, all groups presented connective tissue septa; at the 30th day, the new bone formation was more intense in the Cu-Zn-MBG group. Additionally, BMP2, collagen 1, OST, and VEGF immune expression were more prominent in the Cu-Zn-MBG group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study results indicated that MBG may be used for the repairing of bone defects. Cu-Zn-MBG may be the best choice for this purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 5","pages":"237-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-centered high-value integrated care.","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"10.2478/abm-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 5","pages":"212-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile of superficial and deep-seated skin and soft tissue infections.","authors":"Rao Muhammad Abid Khan,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar Dodani,&nbsp;Ali Nadeem,&nbsp;Sana Jamil,&nbsp;Mirza Naqi Zafar","doi":"10.2478/abm-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are caused by microbial invasion of healthy or damaged skin. SSTIs are difficult to manage and contribute to chronicity and emergence of antimicrobial resistance.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To ascertain the prevalence of bacteria causing SSTIs and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study between November 2020 and May 2021. A total of 447 samples from SSTIs were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 347 samples revealed mono-bacterial growth, of which 67% were male. SSTIs are common among patients aged 21-50 years with the dominance (78%) of gram-negative rods (GNRs). <i>Escherichia coli</i> (36%), <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (22%), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (16%), and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (11%) were predominant organisms. GNRs were highly resistant (>65%) to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. For injectable antibiotics, the highest resistance was determined against ceftriaxone, and the least resistance was determined against amikacin. Resistance against carbapenem was the highest among <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (53%) and <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. (32%). <i>S. aureus</i> showed the highest resistance against ciprofloxacin, and the least resistance was determined against clindamycin. Of 57 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 86% isolates were methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). All isolates of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> were sensitive to polymyxin B and vancomycin, respectively. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. was higher among deep-seated SSTIs (dSSTIs).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The predominant etiology of SSTIs is GNR. Currently, there is very high resistance against oral antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance against carbapenem has also increased. Moreover, there is a high frequency of MRSA. MDR <i>E. coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. isolates are frequently involved in dSSTIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"17 2","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10505063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphism of fucosyltransferase 3 gene is associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.","authors":"Jiansheng Zheng,&nbsp;Tang Zhu","doi":"10.2478/abm-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition with an unclear genetic basis. Fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) could potentially be linked to IBD susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between <i>FUT3</i> gene polymorphisms and IBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist and Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) guidelines, case-control studies published until April 30, 2020 was searched. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Egger tests were performed using RevMan and Stata12.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review included 5 articles and 12 case-control studies involving 1712 IBD patients and 1903 controls. The meta-analysis revealed the following combined odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: <i>rs3745635</i> genotype (<i>GA+AA vs GG</i>) 0.84 (0.72-0.97), (<i>GG+GA vs AA</i>) 1.93 (1.23-3.05), (<i>GG vs AA</i>) 2.38 (1.52-3.74), (<i>A vs G</i>) 0.84 (0.73-0.96); <i>rs3894326</i> genotype (<i>TA+AA vs TT</i>) 1.03 (0.87-1.23), (<i>TT+TA vs AA</i>) 1.19 (0.56-2.51), (<i>TT vs AA</i>) 1.19 (0.56-2.51), (<i>A vs T</i>) 1.02 (0.86-1.20); <i>rs28362459</i> genotype (<i>TG+GG vs TT</i>) 0.98 (0.85-1.12), (<i>TT+TG vs GG</i>) 1.20 (0.90-1.61), (<i>TT vs GG</i>) 1.21 (0.90-1.62), (<i>G vs T</i>) 0.96 (0.86-1.07). Sensitivity analysis indicated the stability of the results, and Egger analysis showed no significant publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The <i>rs3745635</i> gene polymorphism may be associated with IBD susceptibility, whereas the <i>rs3894326</i> and <i>rs28362459</i> gene polymorphisms may not be associated with IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"17 2","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10505062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copy number variations of cytochrome <i>P450</i> genes in Kinh Vietnamese.","authors":"Nhung Phuong Vu,&nbsp;Ton Dang Nguyen,&nbsp;Binh Huy Nguyen,&nbsp;Duong Thuy Nguyen,&nbsp;Hai Van Nong,&nbsp;Ha Hai Nguyen","doi":"10.2478/abm-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cytochrome P450 (<i>CYP450</i>) family is well known as a major group of drug metabolizing enzymes. The polymorphism of <i>CYP450</i> genes is the main factor having an impact on the interindividual difference in drug response, including drug efficacy and drug safety. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of Vietnamese Kinh has been widely studied, but information about the copy number variations (CNVs) of other <i>CYP450</i> genes is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the CNV variability of <i>CYP450</i> in 154 healthy unrelated Kinh Vietnamese, except e<i>CYP2D6</i>, which was previously reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) was applied for determination of copy number of 10 <i>CYP450</i> genes. Later, PCR or quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to confirm the detected CNVs in randomly chosen subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 154 subjects, along with <i>CYP2D6</i>, 4 other <i>CYP450</i> genes showed CNVs including duplications (<i>CYP1B1</i>), deletions (<i>CYP2A6</i> and <i>CYP2C9</i>), and both duplications and deletions (<i>CYP2E1</i>). Among these, <i>CYP2A6</i> exhibited the greatest frequency of CNVs compared with other <i>CYP450</i>, in which <i>CYP2A6</i>Del accounted for 11%. Meanwhile, allele <i>CYP2E1</i>Del showed the lowest frequency with only 0.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study provides new insight into <i>CYP450</i> CNVs in the Kinh Vietnamese cohort. Our data have contributed to genetic profiling of <i>CYP450</i> CNVs in Vietnam, which would be helpful for facilitating implementation of pharmacogenetics in drug dosing adjustment in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"17 2","pages":"84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10505059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acidic environment could modulate the interferon-γ expression: Implication on modulation of cancer and immune cells' interactions.","authors":"Vishal Sharma,&nbsp;Jagdeep Kaur","doi":"10.2478/abm-2023-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In rapidly growing solid tumors, insufficient vascularization and poor oxygen supply result in an acidic tumor microenvironment, which can alter immune response.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the role of the acidic microenvironment in immune response modulation along with cancer and immune cells' interactions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To mimic the tumor microenvironment conditions, T cells (Jurkat), macrophages (THP-1), and HeLa (cervical) cells were cultured under acidic conditions (pH 6.9, pH 6.5) and physiological pH (7.4). The HeLa cell culture medium was exploited as a tumor cell conditioned medium. Real-time PCR was carried out to quantify the mRNA levels, while flow cytometry and western blot hybridization was carried out to ascertain the levels of different proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The acidic microenvironment around the T cells (Jurkat) and macrophage cells (THP-1) could lead to the downregulation of the interferon gamma (IFN-γ). An increase in IFN-γ expression was observed when Jurkat and macrophage cells were cultured in HeLa cells conditioned medium (HCM) at low pH (pH 6.9, pH 6.5). The HeLa cells under acidic environment (pH 6.9, pH 6.5) upregulated interleukin 18 levels and secreted it as exosome anchored. Additionally, enhanced nuclear localization of NF-κB was observed in Jurkat and THP-1 cells cultured in HCM (pH 6.9, pH 6.5). Jurkat and THP-1 cultured in HCM revealed enhanced cytotoxicity against the HeLa cells upon reverting the pH of the medium from acidic to physiological pH (pH 7.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, these results suggest that the acidic microenvironment acted as a key barrier to cancer and immune cells' interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"17 2","pages":"72-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10505064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-center experience of endovascular treatment for patients with progressive posterior circulation cerebral infarction exceeding 24 h.","authors":"Guangfeng Zhao,&nbsp;Xiongjun He,&nbsp;Yajie Liu,&nbsp;Liang Zhang,&nbsp;Kaifeng Li","doi":"10.2478/abm-2023-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence of endovascular treatment (ET) for patients with progressive infarction of the posterior circulation exceeding 24 h is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ET for progressive posterior circulation cerebral infarction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study evaluated the ET for 18 patients with posterior circulation infarction caused by vertebrobasilar artery occlusion from July 2017 to November 2018. The conditions of patients worsened despite receiving intravenous thrombolysis or combination therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin. The time from the onset of cerebral infarction to puncture was >24 h. The preoperative National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and related risk factors of patients at 3 months were analyzed postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preoperative NIHSS score was 10.6 (IQR: 6.5), and the time from onset to puncture was 163.5 ± 144.7 h. Postoperative blood flow was modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) grade 2b or above. During the follow-up period, 1 patient died of basilar artery re-occlusion and pulmonary infection, and 1 died of postoperative hyperperfusion hemorrhage, with a mortality rate of 11.1% (2/18). No recurrent ischemic events were observed in any of the 16 patients during the 3-month follow-up period. The mean mRS score was 1.3 (IQR: 2.3), and 75% patients (12/16) had an mRS score of 0-2. There were no significant differences in age, gender, clinical characteristics, and stroke subtype between patients with mRS scores ≤2 and >2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with progressive posterior circulation cerebral infarction caused by vertebral basilar artery occlusion, ET is effective and safe even if the time from onset to puncture exceeds 24 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"17 2","pages":"64-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10505061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous monitoring of trends in pathogen and susceptibility profiles in patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs).","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/abm-2023-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0043","url":null,"abstract":"The skin is colonized by a diverse collection of microorganisms. Most microorganisms coexist with their human hosts without any complications. However, in many conditions, such as impaired host immunity and presence of virulent pathogens, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) can occur [1]. The most common organisms associated with SSTIs are bacteria, but other organisms such as fungi, viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and protozoa may occur [1]. The profile of predominant pathogens may vary based on geographical regions. This is most likely due to evolution of pathogens associated with environmental changes, as well as the volume of antimicrobial use in the areas to control infections in humans and animals. The inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents can cause antimicrobial resistance [2, 3]. The spectrum of clinical manifestations in patients with SSTIs may range from cellulitis, folliculitis, erysipelas, and abscesses, including large furuncles and carbuncles. The clinical spectrum of the SSTIs can range from mild to severe, including toxic shock syndrome, myonecrosis/gas gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis [4]. Definite diagnosis of pathogens causing SSTIs is necessary for an appropriate choice of antimicrobial regimens. Definite diagnosis will require the isolation of pathogens via cultures of the skin lesions, biopsy with adequate tissues, and blood culture, among others. Isolated pathogens can be identified through specific microbiological analytic techniques such as special stains, molecular techniques, and antigen detection methodologies [1]. Immunocompromised hosts such as patients with immunodeficiencies, HIVs, cancers, and other clinical conditions can pose special diagnostic and therapeutic challenges [1]. Removal of pus and necrotic tissue from the source of infection is needed. The choice of initial treatment depends on the epidemiological trends (communityor hospital-acquired infections), pathogen or pathogens involved, the virulence of pathogens, the seriousness of pathology, the patient’s co-morbidities, as well as the symptoms and signs of systemic toxicity. There is an increasing use of rapid diagnostic tests to help in the selection and de-escalation of antimicrobials for SSTIs [4]. Knowledge of local epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community and hospital strains, as well as the immunological status of the patients, is important. Immunocompromised patients with signs of systemic toxicity may need broad coverage to prevent poor outcomes. In immunocompetent patients with nonpurulent cellulitis without systemic toxicity and risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), coverage for low-virulence bacteria such as streptococci and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus may be adequate. For most patients with simple skin abscess, oral antibiotic therapy may be sufficient. Immunocompetent patients with purulent cellulitis and signs of possible systemic toxicity or rapid deterioration may requ","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"17 2","pages":"43-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10505060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10311092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}