Asian Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"An 85-amino-acid polypeptide from <i>Myrmeleon bore</i> larvae (antlions) homologous to heat shock factor binding protein 1 with antiproliferative activity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells in vitro.","authors":"Rui Ding,&nbsp;Ming He,&nbsp;Huoying Huang,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Mingxing Huang,&nbsp;Yonghui Su","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Venomous arthropods have substances in their venom with antiproliferative potential for neoplastic cells.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify a polypeptide from <i>Myrmeleon bore</i> (antlion) with antiproliferative activity against neoplastic cells, and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography to purify a polypeptide with antiproliferative activity against MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells from a proteinaceous extract of antlion. The polypeptide was sequenced and the stability of its antiproliferative activity was tested under a range of conditions in vitro. An 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the antiproliferative activity of the polypeptide against the MG-63 osteosarcoma cells and MC3T3-E1 mouse calvarial osteoblasts, which were used as a non-neoplastic control. We used western blotting to compare the levels of expression of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and protein kinase B alpha (ATK1) in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells and their mouse homologs in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts after their treatment with the antlion antiproliferative polypeptide (ALAPP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 85-amino-acid ALAPP has a 56% sequence identity with the human heat shock factor binding protein 1 (HSBP1). The antiproliferative activity of the polypeptide is relatively insensitive to temperature, pH, and metal ions. ALAPP has a strong concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells compared with its effect on MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. ALAPP significantly upregulates the expression of HSF1 in MC3T3-EL osteoblasts, but not in MG-63 osteosarcoma. ALAPP significantly downregulated the expression of HSP90, CDK4, and AKT1 expression in MG-63 osteosarcoma, but not in the osteoblasts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ALAPP has significant antiproliferative activity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, but not nonneoplastic MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. We speculate that non-neoplastic cells may evade the antiproliferative effect of ALAPP by upregulating HSF1 to maintain their HSP90, CDK4, and AKT1 expression at a relatively constant level.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 4","pages":"201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10316302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dichotomous role of autophagy in cancer.","authors":"Amin Arif, Muhammad Babar Khawar, Rabia Mehmood, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi, Nadeem Sheikh","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"10.2478/abm-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process that plays physiological and pathological roles in a cell. Its effect on cellular metabolism, the proteome, and the number and quality of organelles, diversely holds the potential to alter cellular functions. It acts paradoxically in cancer as a tumor inhibitor as well as a tumor promoter. In the early stage of tumorigenesis, it prevents tumor initiation by the so-called \"quality control mechanism\" and suppresses cancer progression. For late-staged tumors that are exposed to stress, it acts as a vibrant process of degradation and recycling that promotes cancer by facilitating metastasis. Despite this dichotomy, the crucial role of autophagy is evident in cancer, and associated with mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR), p53, and Ras-derived major cancer networks. Irrespective of the controversy regarding autophagic manipulation, promotion and suppression of autophagy act as potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment and may provide various anticancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 3","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9962161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy collaborations are needed for mangrove land use and mosquito control.","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"10.2478/abm-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 3","pages":"109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9962153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic shear wave elastography of the thyroid in patients with sickle cell anemia.","authors":"Gulen Burakgazi,&nbsp;Gul Ilhan,&nbsp;Oguzhan Ozcan,&nbsp;Emre Dirican","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although thyroid radiology has been conducted in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA), to our knowledge, there is no report of thyroid gland assessment using ultrasonographic shear wave elastography (US-SWE).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine values for ultrasonographic US-SWE of the thyroid in patients with SCA and correlations between thyroid elasticity and biochemical variables used to evaluate thyroid function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective case-control observational study of 36 patients with SCA and 33 healthy volunteer controls. US-SWE measurements of thyroid gland parenchyma and biochemical parameters of the participants were obtained and compared, and the diagnostic accuracy of elasticity was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The thyroid volume was smaller in patients with SCA than that in controls (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Compared with the controls, the patients with SCA had significantly lower serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) (<i>P</i> = 0.004) and thyroglobulin (Tg) (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and significantly higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (<i>P</i> = 0.028). Thyroid stiffness was significantly higher in the left lobe (LL) of the patients with SCA than in the controls (<i>P</i> = 0.003). In the patients with SCA, we found a significant correlation between right lobe (RL) and LL stiffness and serum levels of Tg (RL [<i>r</i> = -0.439] and LL [<i>r</i> = -0.484]; <i>P</i> = 0.021) and fT3 (RL [<i>r</i> = -0.463] and LL [<i>r</i> = -0.386]; <i>P</i> = 0.012). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of thyroid elasticity that represented a diagnosis of SCA found a cutoff of >7.31 kPa, a sensitivity of 52.0%, and a specificity of 72.0% for the RL (<i>P</i> = 0.316, area under the curve [AUC] 0.570), and a cutoff of >8.06 kPa, a sensitivity of 58.0%, and a specificity of 84.0% for the LL (<i>P</i> = 0.011, AUC 0.680).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>US-SWE can be used to follow up thyroid changes in patients with SCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 3","pages":"137-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9962154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor: case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Rong Xu,&nbsp;Liping Shao,&nbsp;Wenling Zhang,&nbsp;Zhi-Long Yang","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We report the clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features, ultrastructure, tissue source, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a patient with a uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor (UTROSCT).</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 40-year-old woman had a uterine myoma with enlargement for 2.5 years. An ultrasound examination showed a mixed echogenic mass at the posterior wall of the uterus and a dark cyst in the right adnexal area, which suggested a suspected uterine myoma with liquefaction and a suspected chocolate cyst. The patient underwent transabdominal tumor resection with removal of the right adnexal mass. Through postoperative pathological examination, the patient was diagnosed with UTROSCT. No recurrence was observed after a follow-up of 1 year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although UTROSCT is usually benign, it can relapse or metastasize, and patients with UTROSCT need comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 3","pages":"145-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) diversity and medical importance in Koh Kong mangrove forests, Cambodia.","authors":"Pierre-Olivier Maquart,&nbsp;Chea Sokha,&nbsp;Sébastien Boyer","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mangroves are an ecosystem interface between land and sea, forming distinctive shallow-water marine communities in tropical and subtropical waters. The mangrove forest surface in Cambodia is being reduced due to deforestation. Because the mangrove type of ecosystem generally hosts a great diversity of mosquitoes, the urbanization of these ecosystems will increase interactions between humans and wild mosquitoes, and might thus serve as a potential source of new infectious diseases. Understanding mosquito diversity and analyzing their virome is critical to estimate the risk of emergence or future outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the mosquito diversity of mangrove forests of Koh Kong province (Cambodia).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2019, the mosquito fauna was sampled for 3 consecutive days using BG-Sentinel and light traps, in 3 locations in the mangrove forests of Koh Kong province (Cambodia) during both dry and rainy seasons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3107 samples were collected, belonging to 10 genera for 34 species. The <i>Culex</i> genus was the most diverse, accounting for 10 species. One species, <i>Culex sitiens,</i> represented over 60% of all collected mosquitoes. A total of 12 medically important species were recorded, 2 species, <i>Aedes</i> (<i>Stegomyia</i>) <i>albopictus</i> and <i>Culex vishnui</i>, were collected in all sites and during both the dry and rainy seasons, highlighting a potential risk of these species acting as bridge vectors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>If new arboviruses were to be recorded in this peculiar area, it would indicate that the mosquito species found have the potential to act as a bridge between sylvatic and anthropogenic arboviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 3","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants compared with well-controlled warfarin in Thai patients with atrial fibrillation.","authors":"Janekij Yamkasikorn,&nbsp;Komsing Methavigul","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In trials of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were not inferior to warfarin for thromboembolic and bleeding events. However, there are scant data comparing the efficacy and safety of NOACs in patients with AF with that of well-controlled warfarin treatment in such patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare total bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients with AF who received NOACs, with the same events in those who received well-controlled warfarin treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used retrospective data from patients with AF who received NOACs or well-controlled warfarin at the Central Chest Institute of Thailand from January 2017 to December 2019. The primary outcome was total bleeding or thromboembolic events or both. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality, total bleeding events including major or minor bleeding, and thromboembolic events including ischemic stroke or systemic embolization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included data from 180 patients with AF, 90 who received NOACs and 90 who received well-controlled warfarin. The average time in the therapeutic range for those who received warfarin was 84.9% ± 9.8%. The patients who received well-controlled warfarin had more frequent thromboembolic or total bleeding events or both than those who received NOACs (odds ratio [OR] 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.27-4.07; <i>P</i> = 0.01). There were more minor bleeding events in those who received well-controlled warfarin (OR 3.75; 95% CI 2.79-4.71; <i>P</i> = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in thromboembolic events, major bleeding, or all-cause mortality between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thai patients with AF who received NOACs had less thromboembolic or total bleeding events than those who received well-controlled warfarin treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 3","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9962160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive impairment in the elderly: the need for a comprehensive approach.","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"10.2478/abm-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"53-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9962142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotonin receptor subtype-2B signaling is associated with interleukin-18-induced cardiomyoblast hypertrophy in vitro.","authors":"Chao-Yi Chen,&nbsp;Jyh-Gang Leu,&nbsp;Kuan-Yu Lin,&nbsp;Chin-Yu Shih,&nbsp;Yao-Jen Liang","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In patients with heart failure, interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels increase in the circulatory system and injured myocardial tissue. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors subtype 2B (HTR2B) play an essential role in cardiac function and development, and their overexpression in rats leads to myocardial hypertrophy. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is cardioprotective in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and can prevent pressure overload-mediated cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Mice deficient in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) can have cardiac dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, and heart failure. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are possibly involved in cardiac remodeling. However, the relationship between IL-18 signaling, cardiac hypertrophy, and the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To elucidate the relationship between HTR2B and IL-18-induced myocardial hypertrophy and examine the antihypertrophic effects of EGCG and PPARδ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast hypertrophy with IL-18 in vitro and investigated the downstream signaling by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. Hypertrophy was assessed by flow cytometry. We determined the effects of EGCG and PPARδ on IL-18-induced hypertrophic signaling via HTR2B-dependent mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IL-18-induced H9c2 hypertrophy upregulated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) protein and mRNA expression by inducing the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and the hypertrophy was attenuated by pretreatment with EGCG (20 μM) and L-165,041 (2 μM), a PPARδ agonist. IL-18 upregulated the expression of HTR2B, which was inhibited by pretreatment with EGCG and L-165,041. SB215505 (0.1 μM), a HTR2B antagonist and siRNA for HTR2B, attenuated H9c2 hypertrophy significantly. Inhibition of HTR2B also downregulated the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IL-18 and HTR2B play critical roles in cardiomyoblast hypertrophy. EGCG and L-165,041 inhibit the expression of HTR2B and augment remodeling of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, possibly mediated by MMP-3 and MMP-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10013530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atorvastatin reduces alloxan-induced impairment of aversive stimulus memory in mice.","authors":"Osman Kukula,&nbsp;Caner Günaydın","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;An association between dysregulated glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus and detrimental effects on the central nervous system, particularly in Alzheimer disease, has been recognized. Atorvastatin treatment has improved memory and cognition in some patients with diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To determine possible neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin on memory and cognition by measuring changes in an adverse stimulus avoidance learning deficit induced by alloxan in a murine model of diabetes mellitus and impaired memory and cognition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We administered 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg alloxan in saline (intraperitoneally, i.p.) at a 48 h interval to produce a model of diabetes mellitus in male BALB/c mice. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to assess blood glucose regulation. After demonstrating hyperglycemia in mice (n = 7 per group) we administered vehicle (saline, i.p.), atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, i.p.), or liraglutide (200 μg/kg, i.p.) for 28 d except for those in a negative control group, which were given saline instead of alloxan, and a group administered atorvastatin alone, which were given saline instead of alloxan followed by atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 28 d. Locomotor activity was measured 24 h after the final drug treatments, and subsequently their learned behavioral response to an adverse electrical stimulus to their plantar paw surface in a dark compartment was measured using a passive avoidance apparatus (Ugo Basile) in a model of impaired memory and cognition associated with Alzheimer disease. To determine any deficit in their learned avoidance of the adverse stimulus, we measured the initial latency or time mice spent in an illuminated white compartment before entering the dark compartment in the learning trial, and on the day after learning to avoid the adverse stimulus, the retention period latency in the light compartment and time spent in the dark compartment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Atorvastatin alone produced no significant change in blood glucose levels (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4,10&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.80, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.55) within 2 h. Liraglutide decreased blood glucose levels after 0.5 h (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4,10&lt;/sub&gt; = 11.7, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). We found no significant change in locomotor activity in any group. In mice with alloxan-induced diabetes, atorvastatin significantly attenuated the decreased avoidance associated with the diabetes (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4,30&lt;/sub&gt; = 38.0, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02) and liraglutide also significantly attenuated the decreased avoidance (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4,30&lt;/sub&gt; = 38.0, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Atorvastatin alone had no significant effect on the adversive learned response compared with vehicle treatment (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4,30&lt;/sub&gt; = 38.0, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). Atorvastatin significantly decreased the time mice with alloxan-induced diabetes spent in the dark compartment compared with mice in the diabetes group ","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}