Asian Biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Atorvastatin reduces alloxan-induced impairment of aversive stimulus memory in mice.","authors":"Osman Kukula,&nbsp;Caner Günaydın","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An association between dysregulated glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus and detrimental effects on the central nervous system, particularly in Alzheimer disease, has been recognized. Atorvastatin treatment has improved memory and cognition in some patients with diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine possible neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin on memory and cognition by measuring changes in an adverse stimulus avoidance learning deficit induced by alloxan in a murine model of diabetes mellitus and impaired memory and cognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We administered 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg alloxan in saline (intraperitoneally, i.p.) at a 48 h interval to produce a model of diabetes mellitus in male BALB/c mice. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to assess blood glucose regulation. After demonstrating hyperglycemia in mice (n = 7 per group) we administered vehicle (saline, i.p.), atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, i.p.), or liraglutide (200 μg/kg, i.p.) for 28 d except for those in a negative control group, which were given saline instead of alloxan, and a group administered atorvastatin alone, which were given saline instead of alloxan followed by atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 28 d. Locomotor activity was measured 24 h after the final drug treatments, and subsequently their learned behavioral response to an adverse electrical stimulus to their plantar paw surface in a dark compartment was measured using a passive avoidance apparatus (Ugo Basile) in a model of impaired memory and cognition associated with Alzheimer disease. To determine any deficit in their learned avoidance of the adverse stimulus, we measured the initial latency or time mice spent in an illuminated white compartment before entering the dark compartment in the learning trial, and on the day after learning to avoid the adverse stimulus, the retention period latency in the light compartment and time spent in the dark compartment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Atorvastatin alone produced no significant change in blood glucose levels (<i>F</i>_4,10 = 0.80, <i>P</i> = 0.55) within 2 h. Liraglutide decreased blood glucose levels after 0.5 h (<i>F</i>_4,10 = 11.7, <i>P</i> < 0.001). We found no significant change in locomotor activity in any group. In mice with alloxan-induced diabetes, atorvastatin significantly attenuated the decreased avoidance associated with the diabetes (<i>F</i>_4,30 = 38.0, <i>P</i> = 0.02) and liraglutide also significantly attenuated the decreased avoidance (<i>F</i>_4,30 = 38.0, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Atorvastatin alone had no significant effect on the adversive learned response compared with vehicle treatment (<i>F</i>_4,30 = 38.0, <i>P</i> > 0.05). Atorvastatin significantly decreased the time mice with alloxan-induced diabetes spent in the dark compartment compared with mice in the diabetes group ","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum levels of interleukin-34 and RANKL as multivariable predictors of bone erosion seen by ultrasonography in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.","authors":"Xianqian Huang,&nbsp;Yong Chen,&nbsp;Yong Peng,&nbsp;Minzhi Gan,&nbsp;Baoqing Geng,&nbsp;Mengya Zhu,&nbsp;Ying Ying","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory arthritic disease, and sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and propensity for sacroiliac and spinal fusion are characteristic pathological features. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) plays a role in the induction and differentiation of osteoclasts. Other inflammatory factors are not directly involved in the induction and differentiation, but play an indirect role by modulating the level of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANKL) and other molecules during the process of inflammatory bone destruction in AS. However, to our knowledge, the relationship between enthesitis and bone erosion, and IL-34 and RANKL in AS has not yet been elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the correlation between serum IL-34, RANKL, and disease severity including enthesitis and bone erosion in patients with AS and develop multivariable predictive model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 40 patients with AS, compared with 40 patients with osteoarthritis, and 40 healthy volunteers. Their serum levels of IL-34 and RANKL were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Enthesitis and bone erosion were assessed with real-time ultrasonography. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were determined to analyze the relationship between the variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine associations and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to determine the diagnostic performance of cytokine levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with AS, serum levels of IL-34 (878.9 ± 116.4 pg/mL) and RANKL (155.6 ± 13.8 pg/mL) were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) higher than those in patients with osteoarthritis (626.6 ± 79.0 and 138.1 ± 15.3 pg/mL, respectively) or a healthy group (612.9 ± 61.1 and 104.9 ± 15.4 pg/mL, respectively). Serum levels of IL-34 were not significantly correlated with the levels of RANKL. In patients with AS, serum levels of IL-34 and RANKL adjusted for age and weight were significantly correlated with enthesitis (0.798, <i>P</i> < 0.01; 0.347, <i>P</i> < 0.05, respectively) and bone erosion (0.822, <i>P</i> < 0.01; 0.368, <i>P</i> < 0.05, respectively). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the serum levels of IL-34 was 0.995 between patients with AS and healthy individuals. When serum level of IL-34 was >697.1 pg/mL, the sensitivity (SE) was >99% and specificity (SP) was 95.0%. The AUC for IL-34 was 0.982 between patients with AS and patients with osteoarthritis. When serum IL-34 was >688.4 pg/mL, the SE was >99% and SP 85.0%. IL-34 correlation with the number of bone erosions of enthesis was <i>r_s</i> = 0.795, <i>P</i> < 0.01. The AUC for serum RANKL was 0.993 between patients with AS and healthy individuals. When serum RANKL was >126.2 pg/mL, the SE was 97.5% and SP 97.5%. The AUC for serum RANKL was 0.798 between patients with AS and patients with o","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9960139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreaticopleural fistula in a Thai boy with <i>SPINK1</i> c.101A>G substitution variant-related chronic pancreatitis: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Chomanad Chittchang,&nbsp;Nisa Netinatsunton,&nbsp;Supika Kritsaneepaiboon","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic pancreatitis is the most common etiology of pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) in children, and underlying genetic variations are now widely known, accounting for most chronic pediatric pancreatitis.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We describe a case of previously undetected chronic pancreatitis and PPF with a <i>SPINK1</i> variation in a 10-year-old Thai boy who presented with massive left pleural effusion. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed disruption of the pancreatic duct, which was communicating with a large pancreatic pseudocyst with mediastinal extension. The patient subsequently underwent endoscopic intervention with improved clinical symptoms. We also reviewed the imaging findings of 12 other reported cases of pediatric PPF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Massive pleural effusion due to PPF can be an atypical manifestation in children with chronic pancreatitis. MRCP is the preferable imaging study for PPF due to the production of highly detailed images of pancreatic duct disruptions and anatomy, and the imaging is helpful to guide for appropriate treatment. Tests for genetic variation are also recommended in a child with chronic pancreatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive impairment in the elderly: the need for a comprehensive approach.","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"In the elderly, the spectrum of cognitive decline ranges from what can be classified as normal cognitive decline with aging or mild cognitive impairment to dementia. There are various factors associated with the risk of even mild cognitive impairment, including common chronic diseases, and lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. Diabetes mellitus is well known to increase the risk of macroand microvascular complications. Increased atherosclerosis a critical factor leading to vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Metabolic derangements of T2DM include insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and release of excess free fatty acids, and other metabolic abnormalities, which can damage the vascular wall, giving rise to endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation [1]. Diabetes and obesity are among the modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly. Several overlapping neurodegenerative mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation have been identified in cognitive impairment. Products generated by chronic hyperglycemia and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) provide crucial links between diabetes and cognitive decline. Other mechanisms linking diabetes and cognitive impairment include neuroinflammation, impaired neuronal plasticity, and other molecular mechanisms that link obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease [2]. Moreover, there are some common biomarkers that are differentially expressed when compared with healthy controls both in patients with Alzheimer disease and in those with T2DM. These biomarkers might provide a useful way of screening T2DM patients to identify those at risk of developing Alzheimer disease [3]. In addition to T2DM, the elderly commonly develop dyslipidemia. Statins have been widely used to treat lipid abnormalities in this population with beneficial effects on the scores of the Mini-Mental State Exam scale in the short term (£12 months). Moreover, statins could slow the deterioration of neuropsychiatric status and significantly improve activities of daily living ability in patients with Alzheimer disease, but did not show any advantage in changing Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive scores [4]. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies found no neurocognitive risk associated with statin treatment and suggests a potentially favorable role of statins in clinical settings [5]. In response to the Food and Drug Administration informational warnings about possible impairment of neurocognition associated with the use of statins, a systematic review of randomized trials suggests no adverse cognitive effects of statins, and recommended their use to reduce significant cardiovascular events [6]. At a cellular level, the effects of statins include impact on the cholesterol composition of the nerve and glial cell plasmalemma, neurotransmitter receptor mob","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9962142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chirality of antidepressive drugs: an overview of stereoselectivity.","authors":"Vinod Kumar Vashistha,&nbsp;Sonika Sethi,&nbsp;Inderjeet Tyagi,&nbsp;Dipak Kumar Das","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stereochemistry plays an important role in drug design because the enantiomers of a drug frequently vary in their biological action and pharmacokinetic profiles. Racemates of a drug with either an inactive or an unsafe enantiomer can lead to detrimental effects. The manufacturing industry may still produce racemates, but such decisions must pass through rigorous analyses of the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the particular enantiomer related to the racemates. The pharmacokinetics of antidepressants or antidepressive agents is stereoselective and predominantly favors one enantiomer. The use of pure enantiomers offers (i) better specificity than the racemates in terms of certain pharmacological actions, (ii) enhanced clinical indications, and (iii) optimized pharmacokinetics. Therefore, controlling the stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of antidepressive drugs is of critical importance in dealing with depression and psychiatric conditions. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of the stereochemistry of antidepressants in the context of the design and development of new chirally pure pharmaceuticals, the potential complications caused by using racemates, and the benefits of using pure enantiomers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9962143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA): a narrative review of its biogenesis, function, and emerging role in lung cancer.","authors":"Pritha Mukherjee,&nbsp;Shamee Bhattacharjee,&nbsp;Deba Prasad Mandal","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"10.2478/abm-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains elusive in many aspects, especially in its causes and control. After protein profiling, genetic screening, and mutation studies, scientists now have turned their attention to epigenetic modulation. This new arena has brought to light the world of noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Although very complicated and often confusing, ncRNA domains are now among the most attractive molecular markers for epigenetic control of cancer. Long ncRNA and microRNA (miRNA) have been studied best among the noncoding genome and huge data have accumulated regarding their inhibitory and promoting effects in cancer. Another sector of ncRNAs is the world of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Initially discovered with the asymmetric division of germline stem cells in the <i>Drosophila</i> ovary, piRNAs have a unique capability to associate with mammalian proteins analogous to P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI) in <i>Drosophila</i> and are capable of silencing transposons. After a brief introduction to its discovery timelines, the present narrative review covers the biogenesis, function, and role of piRNAs in lung cancer. The effects on lung cancer are highlighted under sections of cell proliferation, stemness maintenance, metastasis, and overall survival, and the review concludes with a discussion of recent discoveries of another class of small ncRNAs, the piRNA-like RNAs (piR-Ls).</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological manifestations and etiological risk factors in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Turkey.","authors":"Nuray Can Usta,&nbsp;Seyfi Kartal,&nbsp;Betul Onal Gunay,&nbsp;Cavit Boz","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can affect the neurological as well as the respiratory system. Neurological manifestations may involve the central or peripheral nervous systems, or musculoskeletal system. Findings can range from mild presentations, such as headache and anosmia, to severe complications, such as stroke and seizure.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the neurological findings and to determine etiological risk factors for mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized and sought neurological consultation between March 2020 and March 2021 at a reference pandemic hospital in Turkey were reviewed retrospectively in a cross-sectional study design.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>We included data from 150 (94 male) patients. Their mean age ± standard deviation was 68.56 ± 16.02 (range 21-97) years. The patients were categorized into 2 groups according to any acute neurological event or progression of neurological disease. Ischemic cerebrovascular events, seizures, and encephalopathy were the most common acute neurological events, while deterioration in consciousness, epileptic seizures, and Parkinson disease were observed in those with progression of neurological disease. Abnormal neurological findings were found at a mean of 7.8 ± 9.7 days following COVID-19 diagnosis and 50 (a third of) patients died. A logistic regression model found that advanced age, increased Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (MCCI) score, and prolonged duration of hospitalization were factors significantly associated with increased mortality; however, sex and day of abnormal neurological findings after COVID-19 diagnosis were not. Common conditions accompanying neurological events were hypertension, coronary artery disease-heart failure, and diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19 may present with neurological symptoms in our Turkish patients and comorbidities are often present.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of complete blood cell count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios for neonatal infection.","authors":"Abdullah Kurt,&nbsp;Merve Sezen Tosun,&nbsp;Nilgün Altuntaş","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complete blood cell (CBC) counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLR) are simple measurements that are conducted as part of routine diagnostic procedures.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the diagnostic importance, specificity, and sensitivity of these measurements for the diagnosis of neonatal infections and in discriminating between neonatal sepsis and various other infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of data from a consecutive series of 232 neonatal patients admitted to Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital in Ankara for 2 years from 2016 to 2018. We included patients with a diagnosis of or clinically suspected infection, and healthy neonates were included as controls. Data included CBC counts, and bacterial culture results, considered the criterion standard for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. NLR, LMR, and PLR were calculated. We compared data using independent Student <i>t</i> and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests and determined the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio (LHOR) of the characteristics for neonatal sepsis using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included data from 155 neonatal patients with a diagnosis or suspicion of infection and 77 healthy neonates. NLR was significantly higher in neonates with sepsis or fever due to dehydration (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than in neonates with other infections or healthy neonates. LMR was significantly higher in neonates with sepsis or viral infection than in those with other infections or healthy controls (<i>P</i> = 0.003). In neonates with early-onset sepsis (EOS), we found cut-off values of ≥4.79 [area under curve (AUC) 0.845, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.93, LHOR 11.6, specificity 98.7%, sensitivity 15%] for NLR, ≥1.24 (AUC 0.295; CI 0.18-0.41, LHOR 1.02, specificity 2.6%, sensitivity 100%) for LMR, and ≥37.72 (AUC 0.268; CI 0.15-0.39, LHOR 0.86, specificity 7.8%, sensitivity 80%) for PLR. We found cut-off values of ≥4.94 (AUC 0.667; CI 0.56-0.77, LHOR 4.16, specificity 98.7%, sensitivity 5.4%) for NLR and ≥10.92 (AUC 0.384; CI 0.26-0.51, LHOR 6.24, specificity 98.7%, sensitivity 8.1%) for LMR in those with late-onset sepsis (LOS).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBCs, NLR, LMR, and PLR may be useful for the differential diagnosis of EOS and LOS, and neonates with sepsis from those with other infection. NLR may be a useful diagnostic test to identify neonatal patients with septicemia more quickly than other commonly used diagnostic tests such as blood cultures. NLR has high specificity and LHOR, but low sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a spectrum of liver disorders, defined by the presence of steatosis or fat in the liver cells in >5% of hepatocytes of patients after little or no alcohol consumption [1]. Up to 25% of the global population is estimated to have NAFLD, which can be classified as non-alcoholic fatty liver that is benign, or when fat accumulates in hepatocytes, is called liver steatosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [2]. NAFLD can occur in people who take in more calories than the body needs, particularly those with sedentary lifestyle. Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and high blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. Therefore, NAFLD has also been regarded as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome [3], which in turn is associated with an increased risk of developing numerous other health problems and diseases [4]. Liver biopsy is the criterion standard for diagnosis of NAFLD [5]. However, the grading of the severity of NAFLD can be based on the grade of fatty liver from ultrasonography, which can produce increased echogenicity on ultrasound, decreased hepatic attenuation on computed tomography, or an increased fat signal on magnetic resonance imaging [6]. Patients often seek further workup, including laboratory tests and imaging studies, when liver function screening reveals elevated liver aminotransferases [7]. It is important to identify NASH, the more aggressive form of NAFLD. NASH has become a leading reason for liver transplantation in some countries, overtaking cirrhosis from hepatitis and alcohol consumption. NASH is an important condition that needs early recognition and intervention to slow the progress of the disease, such as through diet and lifestyle modification, and control of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and other factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Although some have suggested that treatment with vitamin E and pioglitazone may reduce the progress to steatosis and inflammation [8], vitamin E is not used as a first line treatment for fatty liver disease. It is used only when nondrug treatment fails to improve the fatty liver disease, because vitamin E, in an inappropriate dosage, may also harm the liver. Data concerning the effect of vitamin E on hepatic histology are still lacking. Moreover, the short duration of trials limits conclusions about its safety and efficacy [9]. Moreover, vitamin E treatment has had no effect on fibrosis, which is the strongest indicator of undesirable presence of NASH. Serum uric acid level is associated with NAFLD independent of other metabolic factors, and this suggests that serum uric acid levels may be used to assess the severity and progression of NAFLD as an alternative in settings where ultrasonography or FibroScan of the liver are not readily available [10]. In addition, serum uric acid is known as an independent risk factor for ca","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum uric acid level and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Koreans.","authors":"Huiyul Park,&nbsp;Kye-Yeung Park,&nbsp;Minki Kim,&nbsp;Hoon-Ki Park,&nbsp;Hwan-Sik Hwang","doi":"10.2478/abm-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We compared the association of SUA levels with NAFLD, abnormal alanine transferase (ALT), and the degree of liver fibrosis to clarify the association of SUA levels with NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. Adult patients who underwent a health check-up (N = 1,343) were included for analysis. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. The degree of liver fibrosis was determined using the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). Pearson correlation analysis showed a stronger correlation of SUA level with the fatty liver index (<i>r</i> = 0.40, <i>P</i> < 0.001) than the correlation with serum ALT level (<i>r</i> = 0.28, <i>P</i> < 0.001), or NFS (<i>r</i> = 0.018, <i>P</i> = 0.51). SUA levels in patients with NAFLD and an abnormal liver function test (LFT) result were significantly higher than levels in patients without NAFLD and abnormal LFT results. By contrast, there was no significant association of SUA level with NFS grade. When age, male sex, body mass index, the presence of hypertension, diabetic mellitus, and NAFLD, abnormality of ALT level, and SUA level were included in binary logistic regression to evaluate risk factors for elevated NFS grade, hyperuricemia was not significantly associated with NFS grade (OR = 0.94, <i>P</i> = 0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pearson correlation and logistic regression together indicated SUA level is more closely associated with hepatic steatosis than abnormal liver function test or hepatic fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8501,"journal":{"name":"Asian Biomedicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10321156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}