Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing management of flood forecasting in Southern New Jersey: a HEC-HMS model development for Maurice River and Raccoon Creek Watersheds","authors":"Rumman M. Chowdhury,&nbsp;Jeong Ahn,&nbsp;Jagadish Torlapati,&nbsp;Kauser Jahan","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02594-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02594-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Southern New Jersey, the USA, particularly its coastal regions, faces rising flood risks due to frequent and extreme weather events associated with climate change. Interactions between rainfall and runoff remain challenging due to data limitations and variability in hydrological conditions. This study integrates precipitation data and watershed characteristics in a hydrologic model to assess flood vulnerability of two watersheds (i.e., Maurice River and Raccoon Creek) in southern New Jersey. A sensitivity analysis revealed that land imperviousness exerts the strongest influence on peak runoff predicted by the model. The model was calibrated using past precipitation data and validated against observed peak runoff records. Model performance assessed using the fitting criteria of Normalized Root Mean Square Error and the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency demonstrated good agreement between calculated and observed peak runoff data. Model simulations based on 5-, 25-, 50-, 100- and 200-year return period precipitations were employed to predict the peak runoff from the watersheds. Precipitation projections using different scenarios including the high-emissions pathway (i.e., scenario where greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase throughout the twenty-first century, leading to significant climate-related changes) in global climate model were used to calculate the peak runoff. The results indicated a notable increase in peak runoff associated with high-emission precipitation projections from global climate model compared to return period-based peak runoff. These results highlight the redistribution of weather extremes, increased winter precipitation, and heightened flood risks in the watersheds. Overall, the study establishes a practical, data-driven framework for assessing future flood hazards, supporting both technical decision-making and long-term climate adaptation strategies in flood-prone regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02594-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological treatment of fish pond wastewater using selected bacteria in laboratory-scale batch culture: a case study of a farm in Taghit, Bechar (Southwestern Algeria)","authors":"Boudjemaa Larabi,&nbsp;Elhassan Benyagoub,&nbsp;Nouria Nabbou,&nbsp;Mohammed Ali Amrousse,&nbsp;Abdelkarim Mellouk,&nbsp;Abdelmadjid Hamouine","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02597-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02597-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the efficiency of biological treatment of fish pond wastewater (FPWW) using a laboratory-scale aerobic bioreactor inoculated with two bacterial strains—<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Bacillus cereus</i>—isolated from dairy plant sludge. These strains were selected for their high biodegradation potential and applied to separate bioreactors, each containing 2 L of FPWW. A non-inoculated bioreactor served as the control.</p><p>Over a two-week period at 25 °C, key water quality parameters were monitored, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), organic matter, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, pH, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci.</p><p>Initial analysis of untreated FPWW revealed that several parameters exceeded WHO and environmental discharge limits. BOD₅ and COD levels were 160.75 mg/L and 231.5 mg/L, well above the respective limits of 30 mg/L and 75–100 mg/L. Organic matter (OMC) measured 110 mg/L, indicating a high load of biodegradable pollutants. Nitrate (154.96 mg/L) and phosphate (2.72 mg/L) exceeded effluent standards of 20–50 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively. Sulfate reached 328.85 mg/L, above the 250 mg/L guideline. Fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were detected at 3.12 and 3.18 Log₁₀ MPN/100 mL, both exceeding the acceptable limit of &lt; 3 Log₁₀ MPN/100 mL. Only pH remained within the acceptable range at 7.8 (6.5–8.5).</p><p>After treatment, significant pollutant reductions were observed in the inoculated samples compared to the control. Fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci were reduced by 39.1–67.95% and 41.82–53.46%, respectively, versus 14.74% and 35.85% in the control. Organic matter decreased by 84–87.64% in treated samples, compared to 45.46% in the control. BOD₅ and COD reductions ranged from 79.15 to 86.25% and 85.31 to 92.06%, respectively.</p><p>Both bacterial strains proved effective in improving wastewater quality, with <i>Bacillus cereus</i> showing superior performance. These findings highlight the potential of biological treatment as a cost-effective, eco-friendly method for managing FPWW and demonstrate the suitability of these bacterial strains for future applications in bioremediation and sustainable aquaculture wastewater management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02597-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of corn cobs: a sustainable filtration approach for caffeine and triclosan removal","authors":"Cristina E. Almeida-Naranjo,&nbsp;Cristina Villamar-Ayala,&nbsp;Andrea Daquilema,&nbsp;Alexis Debut","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02577-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02577-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continuous occurrence of emerging contaminants, such as caffeine and triclosan in water sources, poses significant environmental and public health risks, particularly in decentralized low-income contexts. This study evaluated the performance of corn cobs (low-cost abundant agro-industrial by-product) used as filter medium for emerging contaminant removal. Laboratory-scale filters (height: 100 cm; diameter: 12 cm) were packed with corn cobs of different particle sizes—small (SPF: 0.8–2.0 cm), medium (MPF: 2.0–3.5 cm), large (LPF: 3.5–5.7 cm), and mixed (MxPF), operating under three hydraulic loading rates (1, 2, and 4 m³/m²·d) with intermittent feeding cycles (6 h/day). Prior to use, the corn cobs were washed, oven-dried at 80 °C, sieved, and characterized using ASTM standard methods, FTIR, BET, and SEM analyses. The MPF filter operated at 2 m³/m²·d showed the best overall performance, with up to 92.1% caffeine and 99.0% triclosan removal, without clogging (head losses: − 2.1–4.8 cm H₂O), and extended operational time (up to 246 h). Triclosan columns exhibited slower saturation, likely due to stronger interactions with the filter media driven by its higher molecular weight and hydrophobicity. Its antimicrobial properties may have also supported greater filter stability, a possibility that warrants further investigation. These findings underscore the potential of corn cob-based systems for water treatment/reclamation in decentralized low-income zones, promoting agricultural residues revaluation according to circular economy principles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02577-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-criteria decision analysis for optimal placement of pumped hydro-energy storages: the case of existing hydropower reservoirs of Ethiopia","authors":"Wendmagegn Girma,&nbsp;Admasu Gebeyehu Awoke,&nbsp;Habtamu Hailu,&nbsp;Assefa M. Melesse","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02524-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02524-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the optimal placement of pumped storage power plants is an important aspect of the provision of reservoirs for peak load power generation. This study presents a MCDA GIS-based optimal placement of pumped hydro-energy storage potentials and the appropriate siting of PHES for existing hydropower reservoirs in Ethiopia. This method involves the use of an integrated approach of decision factors that govern the selection of PHES sites, including head, slope (degree), head to length ratio, topographic wetness index (TWI), lineaments, distance from grid, roads and rivers to define the criteria and constraints that are considered for the optimal placement of pumped hydropower energy storage. The results of this pairwise comparison matrix depicts that head, head to distance ratio, TWI, and slope are the most significant factors in determining whether an area is suitable to PHES, with weights of 29.8%, 17.9%, 15.9%, 11.7%, 6.9%, 5.8%, 5.6% and 6.3%, respectively. The PHES promising potential sites were identified to be suitable for optimal placement of PHES in Ethiopia around existing hydropower reservoirs, the most suitable areas are found in the northern part of the country and include GERD, Gibe I &amp; III, Koka, Finchea, GD III, Melkawakena and Tekeze reservoirs. This study supports the Ethiopian renewable energy policy which proposes to effectively utilizing the advantages of PHES to maximize the energy utilization of the country and PHES plants will creating a balance between the supply and demand of energy during peak load hours. Moreover, this study will serve as a good reference for making well-informed decisions to address energy insecurity in Ethiopia. This research will help policymakers make wise decisions and researchers will proceed with further studies to determine the integration of hydropower reservoirs and other renewable energy sources for sustainable water resource management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02524-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of dye contamination from real textile wastewater by zero-valent iron nanoparticles@chitosan (nZVI@CS) nanocomposite","authors":"Melika Mohammadbeigi,&nbsp;Mohammad Saber Tehrani,&nbsp;Mohammad Hadi Givianrad","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02541-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02541-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>S.</p><p>In this study, the nZVI@CS nano-absorbent was synthesized with a chemical reduction method and then characterized by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS mapping, and BET analyses. The nZVI@CS had a uniform morphology and suitable functional groups for dye removal. After characterization, the nZVI@CS nano-absorbent was used to remove the dye from real and synthetic wastewater. For this goal, the operation condition was optimized by array L16 of the Taguchi design experiment. The results indicated that the dosage of nano-absorbent with 52% impact had the most effect on the dye removal efficiency. At the optimum condition (p<i>H</i> = 6, <i>T</i> = 25 °C, nanocomposite dosage = 0.01 g, and <i>t</i> = 60 min), the nZVI@CS nano-absorbent could be removed 99%, 96% and 88% of reactive red 81, real wastewater and reactive blue 41, respectively. Additionally, isotherms, the kinetic and thermodynamic of the adsorption reaction were assessed. The kinetic reaction has been similar to the pseudo-first-order model. Also, the isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm. Moreover, thermodynamic investigation outcomes indicated absorption reactions were exothermic. The reuse ability experiment indicated that the synthesized nZVI@CS nano-absorbent could be used several times without remarkable loss of the sorption ability. Finally, it confirmed that the nZVI@CS nanocomposite has sufficient sorption capacity for dye wastewater on a large scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02541-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the magnetic field on the characteristics of sandy soil, groundwater, fruit quality, and peach water productivity at different irrigation distances in a desert environment","authors":"A. H. Hamza,&nbsp;A. M. Menesi,&nbsp;A. H. E. Aalaf,&nbsp;Ahmed Elbeltagi,&nbsp;Abdallah Elshawadfy Elwakeel,&nbsp;Ali Salem,&nbsp;Ahmed Z. Dewidar,&nbsp;Mohamed Farag Taha,&nbsp;Doaa M. El-Shinawy,&nbsp;Mohamed Hamdy Eid,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Al-Othman,&nbsp;W. M. E. Fekry","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02593-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02593-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enhancing Florida Prince peach cultivars' quality, yield, and fruiting in the face of water scarcity was the aim of this study, which was carried out in 2021 at a private orchard in the Wadi Al Natrun district of the Behera Governorate, Egypt. The effects of magnetic fields (MF) on peach production, the quality of irrigation groundwater, and the properties of irrigated sandy soil in arid environments were also investigated. The study found no discernible differences in the water compatibility standards for irrigation between magnetized water (MW) treated with an MF and non-magnetized water. However, using MW for irrigation greatly improved the productivity and efficiency of using fertilizer and water. When compared to irrigation with non-magnetized water (NMW), this resulted in a significant improvement in peach crop output. The results of the study showed that the amount of soil moisture in the root zone of crops increased significantly when MW irrigation was applied. More precisely within the first 200 m of irrigation from the (MF) device, the moisture content rose from 9.61% in the control treatment to 14.24%. When irrigation was extended from 200 to 400 and 600 m, the amount of moisture in the root zone drastically decreased. This illustrates that the effect of magnetizing irrigation water decreases with increasing distance between the irrigation region and the magnetic device at the field's beginning. Moreover, the results showed that the application of (MW) for irrigation resulted in improvements to the soil chemical properties. Consequently, this resulted in increased accessibility to water and improved uptake of fertilizers, ultimately leading to enhanced growth and production of peach trees as compared to irrigation with NMW. However, additional research is necessary to comprehend the elusive mechanism of the (MF) and transform it into a viable technique for sustainable agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02593-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of surface runoff and sedimentation leading to extensive transformation in land use land cover in Megech dam watershed of Ethiopia","authors":"Tadesse Shewandagn Wukaw,&nbsp;Bogale Gebremariam Neka,&nbsp;Abebe Temesgen Ayalew,&nbsp;Tarun Kumar Lohani,&nbsp;Ayalkie Belete Amsie","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02571-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02571-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Land use land cover (LULC) modification affects the surface runoff and sediment output in the Megech dam watershed in Abay River Basin of Ethiopia. ERDAS Imagine 2015 with a supervised maximum likelihood classifier was used to perform the change analyses during 1985, 2000, and 2018. Stream flow had Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), square of regression coefficient (<i>R</i>²), observations standard deviation ratio (RSR), and percent bias (PBIAS) values of 0.70, 0.71, 0.54, and 11.7 during calibration and 0.72, 0.77, 0.83, and 14.4 during validation, respectively. NSE, <i>R</i>², RSR, and PBIAS values for sediment yield were 0.75, 0.78, 0.55, and − 9.60 during calibration and 0.79, 0.82, 0.46, and 13.6 during validation, respectively. Changes in land use from forest to agriculture and habitation between 1985 and 2018 contributed significantly to 14.95% rise in average annual surface runoff during the simulation period. Annual sediment yields assessed from land use maps increase by 25.46% between 1985 and 2018. The use of filter strips and terracing and sediment yield reduction in the mean annual base was 36.71% and 63.93%, respectively. Terracing was more effective than filter strip conservation methods for reducing sediment production. A program combined with runoff and sedimentation together on the dam site generated a novel approach to the research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02571-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized composition of banana peel-derived activated carbon modified with aluminum oxide and chitosan for enhanced adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) in wastewater treatment","authors":"Van Thi Thanh Tran,&nbsp;Osamu Nakagoe,&nbsp;Hideaki Sano,&nbsp;Shuji Tanabe,&nbsp;Kai Kamada","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02592-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02592-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study highlights the importance of utilizing banana peel, an abundant and low-cost agricultural waste, as a sustainable precursor material for producing activated carbon for removing heavy metals in wastewater treatment. Adsorption experiments were conducted with single-metal (Pb²⁺) and mixed-metal (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Cu²⁺) solutions to evaluate the effects of synthetic sequences, weight ratios, and competitive adsorption. The results demonstrated that the activation sequence played a critical role in adsorption performance, with banana peel-derived activated carbon (BPAC) activated with ZnCl₂ after pyrolysis (BPAC(I)) achieving around 5% higher Pb²⁺ adsorption compared to activation before pyrolysis (BPAC(II)). BPAC(I) was modified with Al₂O₃ and chitosan to significantly enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. Composite adsorbents with varying weight ratios of BPAC, Al₂O₃ and chitosan (4:2:1 (denoted as <i>421</i>), 3:2:1 (<i>321</i>), 3:1:2 (<i>312</i>) and 2:1:1 (<i>211</i>)) were synthesized and evaluated. Among all samples, <i>321</i> showed the highest adsorption performance, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 39.0 mg/g, reaching almost 100% Pb²⁺ removal after 24 h, suggesting that the increased weight ratio of hydrophilic Al₂O₃ with abundant surface –OH groups enhances the adsorption amount of Pb²⁺. A similar trend was also observed for other heavy metals in mixed solutions, with the adsorption percentage Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ were 85.1%, 88.9% and 26.5%, respectively. The effects of different experimental parameters (including adsorbent mass, pH level, and initial concentration of the solution) on the adsorption of Pb²⁺ ions were studied. The adsorption isotherms revealed that BPAC(I) and <i>312</i> fitted both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, with the latter providing a slightly better fit, suggesting heterogeneous surface adsorption. Regeneration tests found that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent could be reduced to approximately one-third with four repeated adsorption–desorption cycles owing to irreversible adsorption and detachment of surface modifiers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02592-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-criteria pressure sensors placement in water distribution networks using fuzzy TOPSIS","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Riyahi,&nbsp;Carlo Giudicianni,&nbsp;Amin E. Bakhshipour,&nbsp;Ali Haghighi,&nbsp;Enrico Creaco","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02583-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02583-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pressure data collection is essential to increase insight into the current condition of water distribution networks (WDNs). To this end, several methods have been proposed over the last decades for measurement site design (MSD). This research presents a novel method for designing measurement sites by using the k-means clustering algorithm as a pre-processing step, followed by utilizing a new optimization algorithm coupled with the fuzzy TOPSIS method as a processing step. The k-means clustering algorithm is employed to narrow down the search space and identify the most suitable candidate nodes. These candidate nodes are then fed into the new optimization algorithm, called the binary genetic-differential evolutionary algorithm (BGDE), to find the optimal nodes, which are then sorted using the fuzzy TOPSIS method. The BGDE considers sensitivity and entropy as objective functions, while the investment cost is taken into account as a constraint. Furthermore, the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is employed to mitigate the uncertainties in pipe roughness and nodal demands in the hydraulic simulation model. To evaluate the efficiency of the novel method, two WDNs are tested— one from the literature and the other from a real-world case study. Results show that the proposed method reduces the search space, leading to a 70% faster execution, although the accuracy in finding optimal nodes is reduced by roughly 15% compared to the benchmark method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02583-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical sources and enrichment mechanisms of trace elements in river water of a typical endorheic headwater region on Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Jie Wang,&nbsp;Yong Xiao,&nbsp;Yuqing Zhang,&nbsp;Wenxu Hu,&nbsp;Zexue Qi,&nbsp;Xiangzhi You,&nbsp;Xiaofan Gu,&nbsp;Huizhu Chen,&nbsp;Jibin Han,&nbsp;Yongxing Zhang,&nbsp;Liwei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02586-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02586-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trace elements, such as lithium (Li) and boron (B), hold significant economic value for human community development and are commonly enriched in river water of the headwater regions of endorheic salt-lake basins. Understanding their sources and enrichment mechanisms is vital for both sustainable salt-lake resource exploitation and freshwater resource security. The Golmud River watershed, a typical hyper-arid endorheic basin on Tibetan Plateau, was investigated to explore the hydrogeochemical characteristics of river water in headwater regions of salt-lake basins, as well as the sources and enrichment mechanisms of trace elements. The results indicate that the hydrochemical types of river water in the headwater regions are predominantly HCO₃-Ca, Cl-Na, as well as their mixed types. River water hydrochemical components are primarily controlled by rock-water interactions, with minor influence from evaporation. The interacting substances include halite, sulfate minerals, and calcite, sourced from silicate rocks and evaporites. Li and B are highly enriched trace elements in river water of the watershed, exhibiting similar spatial distributions, with the same natural origin. Trace elements in the watershed derive primarily from three sources, including rock-water interactions in Quaternary sediments (PC1), deep magmatic inputs via geothermal fluids (PC2), and permafrost thawing (PC3). PC2 dominates trace element enrichment in river water of the headwater region (83.9%), controlling Sr, U, B, and Li. PC1 primarily governs Co, Ni, Cu, Ba, and W (11.1%), while PC3 regulates Cr and Pb (5.0%). This work elucidates key sources, contributions and enrichment processes of trace elements in river water of the headwater region of arid endorheic salt-lake basins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02586-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}