Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Exploring groundwater recharge potential zones mapping in the northern upper Boussellam region: a novel approach integrating TDS levels","authors":"Hichem Yakoub Khemmal,&nbsp;Azzedine Hani,&nbsp;Kaddour Benmarce","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02413-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02413-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater is a vital resource, especially in semi-arid regions where water scarcity poses a major challenge. The northern upper Boussellam region, with its unique hydrogeological conditions, requires effective groundwater management for sustainability. This study introduces a novel approach for mapping groundwater recharge potential zones across a 1,100 <span>(hbox {km}^2)</span> area using geographic information systems, the analytic hierarchy process, total dissolved solids levels, and the receiver operating characteristic curve. The study incorporates the precipitation data from NASA LaRC POWER to address the spatial and temporal limitations of local meteorological data and enhance model performance. The results revealed a clear spatial distribution of recharge potential, with a maximum of 8.66 observed in the northern mountainous areas and a gradual decrease toward the southern region. A key innovation of this study is the use of total dissolved solids levels for model validation, revealing a strong relationship with recharge dynamics. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.835, indicating high model reliability. The approach incorporates easily accessible data, including NASA LaRC POWER, the digital elevation model, Landsat imagery, and total dissolved solids, offering a replicable and adaptable framework, particularly useful in regions with limited hydrogeological data. These findings provide valuable insights into groundwater recharge processes and highlight the importance of total dissolved solids as a practical tool for model validation. The study advances the identification and spatial distribution of groundwater recharge zones, providing a foundation for more effective water resource management and sustainable resource planning in semi-arid regions facing similar challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02413-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feldspar/MnO2 composite as adsorbent for Pb2+ and Cd2+ removal from aqueous solution","authors":"Shaimaa T. El-Wakeel,&nbsp;Rasha S. El-Tawil,&nbsp;Ashraf E. Abdel-Ghany,&nbsp;Hanaa A. M. Abuzeid,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Hashem","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02437-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02437-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing the adsorption efficiency of feldspar is the main target of this study. This was achieved by synthesizing new composite from feldspar and nanosized MnO₂ by immersion natural feldspar in green-synthesized MnO₂. This composite was characterized and confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and specific surface area by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Rietveld XRD showed that the ratio percentage of feldspar, MnO₂, was 61.7 and 38.3 which is very close to the intended ratio of 60:40, respectively. TEM showed clearly that nanosized MnO₂ were distributed on and among big particles of feldspar and increased the surface area of the composite as estimated from BET measurements. The adsorption capacity of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions by this unique composite of feldspar/MnO₂ (FLS/MnO₂) was carried out using batch adsorption experiments to explore the influence of contact time, initial metals concentrations, initial pH, temperature and adsorbent dose on the efficiency of removal of these ions. This study succeeded to synthesize unique composite of feldspar/MnO₂ and hence enrich the adsorption efficiency of natural feldspar by this simple technique to be 99% and 98%, for removal Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02437-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology","authors":"Khalid Bani-Melhem,&nbsp;Mohammad Alnaief,&nbsp;Zakaria Al-Qodah,&nbsp;Mohammad Al-Shannag,&nbsp;Haitham Elnakar,&nbsp;Nawzat AlJbour,&nbsp;Muhammad Alu’datt,&nbsp;Mohammad Alrosan,&nbsp;Ezelden Ezelden","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02451-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02451-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of high-loaded gray water (HLGW), with the goal of optimizing operating parameters such as current densities (<i>C</i>_d) and EC time. Moreover, the research examines the kinetics involved in the removal of COD, color, and turbidity from HLGW. Various HLGW samples were treated at different current densities over a 90-min EC period. Kinetic analysis shows that COD removal follows a second-order model, while turbidity and color removal adhere to a pseudo-first-order model, with parameters dependent on <i>C</i>_d. The findings indicate that pollutant removal improves with longer EC treatment times and higher <i>C</i>_d values. At lower <i>C</i>_d levels, removal efficiencies for COD and color are relatively low, even with a 90-min EC treatment. However, at a higher <i>C</i>_d (20 mA/cm²), there is a substantial increase in removal efficiency, with 85% removal for both COD and color within the same duration. Turbidity is completely removed when the <i>C</i>_d is set to 10 mA/cm² after 45 min of EC treatment. These results highlight that achieving high pollutant removal from HLGW requires high energy consumption. As a result, combining EC with other processes, either as a pre-treatment or post-treatment step, may address the challenges faced by standalone EC systems. Using response surface methodology (RSM), optimal operating conditions were determined, achieving pollutant removals of 76.4% for COD, 80.5% for color, and 98.5% for turbidity, with a minimum energy consumption of 5.07 kWh/m³ at an EC time of 44 min and a <i>C</i>_d of 15.5 mA/cm².</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02451-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optimized ensemble ML-WQI model for reliable water quality prediction by minimizing the eclipsing and ambiguity issues","authors":"Ashifur Rahman,&nbsp;M. M. Mahbubul Syeed,&nbsp;Md. Rajaul Karim,&nbsp;Kaniz Fatema,&nbsp;Razib Hayat Khan,&nbsp;Mohammad Faisal Uddin","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02450-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02450-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monitoring water quality is essential for the sustenance of the ecosystem and various forms of life on Earth. The water quality index (WQI) models are the widely adopted approach to water quality monitoring. However, they received much criticism for the reliability and inconsistency of the model, often triggered by eclipsing and ambiguity issues. In addressing these, recently, data-driven approaches through the integration of machine learning or deep learning (ML/DL) techniques are notably applied to develop improved WQI models. Although these models perform better than the conventional ones, recent studies have reported that the proposed approaches often produce inconsistent results due to data variability and outliers. The purpose of this research is to define a robust and reliable ensemble ML-WQI model that is optimized to attenuate the effect of data variability, eclipsing, and ambiguity issues for accurate water quality prediction. To define the ensemble model, eight prominent regression ML models are used to select the best-performing base-estimators and the meta-learner. The Irish WQI dataset used in the study includes 29,159 samples spanning over 15 years. Each data sample records 11 (eleven) water quality parameters and the corresponding measurement and classification of WQI, calculated using three traditional WQI models, namely, CCME, Brown, and SRDD. To evaluate performance, mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), R-squared (<span>(R^2)</span>), fivefold cross-validation, and a comparative evaluation with existing ML models are carried out. In addition, resilience to eclipsing, ambiguity, and outliers is quantitatively assessed using the WQI classification data. The findings revealed that the ensemble ML-WQI model with linear regression (LR), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) as base-estimators, and decision tree (DT) as the meta-learner, achieves high classification accuracy with MAE, MSE, RMSE, and <span>(R^2)</span> scores of 0.01, 0.001, 0.0034, and 1.00, respectively. This performance measure is better than the existing regression-based ML-WQI models. In addition, the model shows greater resilience to outliers by classifying all WQIs close to the general trend of water quality. The model has a very low eclipsing effect (23.9%) as compared to CCME (50.50%), Brown (32.20%), and SRDD (77.20%). In relation to the ambiguity issue, the model demonstrates greater stability than traditional WQI models. Therefore, the proposed ensemble model is robust to the inherent variability of the water quality data in predicting a reliable WQI classification. This data-driven, autonomous, cost-effective, and easy-to-comprehend ML-WQI model should provide strong support to researchers in building a comprehensive water quality monitoring and management system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02450-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving SDG 6 targets: evaluating driving forces for philanthropic contributions to water accessibility in southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Timothy O. Ogunbode,&nbsp;Victor O. Oyebamiji,&nbsp;Christiana O. Afolabi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02461-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02461-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Access to potable water is crucial for sustaining human life and so has been listed in the Sustainable Development Goal 6. The role of philanthropists in promoting water accessibility is evident in developing regions’ urban centres. This study investigates motivational factors for philanthropic contribution in water supply services in six cities, with three each selected from Oyo and Osun States in Nigeria. Data collected were subjected to both descriptive and inferential analysis. A total of 480 structured questionnaires were distributed among seven identified donor groups: religious groups, socio-cultural groups, politicians, individual donors, local communities, corporate bodies, and activists. The survey revealed that individual donors comprised the majority of respondents at 49.5%, while activists constituted the smallest group at 0.7%. The dataset was deemed factorable with a Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value of 0.71, and Bartlett’s Test of sphericity was significant at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.005. Three significant motivating variables emerged from Factor Analysis, namely: financial capacities (83.798%), humanitarian consideration (4.668%), and project acceptability (4.179%), collectively explaining 92.645% of the motivating factors behind philanthropic support for water supply. State-specific analyses indicated the significance of donors’ financial strength in providing water supply services in the study areas. These findings suggest that philanthropists are influenced by various factors in deciding to support water supply projects. It is recommended that policies encouraging support for such initiatives, particularly in light of their relevance to achieving SDG 6 by 2030, be promoted. Further research in different locations is advisable to enhance comprehension of the motivating factors driving philanthropic support for water accessibility initiatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02461-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of carcinogenic benzidine from water using highly efficient carbon black prepared from sugarcane bagasse","authors":"Nehad A. Elmaghraby,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Hassaan,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Zien,&nbsp;Elsayed M. Abedelrhim,&nbsp;Safaa Ragab,&nbsp;Murat Yılmaz,&nbsp;Ahmed El Nemr","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02432-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02432-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of inexpensive, easily accessible, highly effective, and environmentally friendly adsorbents has been looked into as a perfect substitute for the currently expensive ways of extracting pollutants from wastewater. This study examines the potential use of carbon black (CB) obtained from sugarcane bagasse for the elimination of aromatic amines such as benzidine from simulated wastewater as it is listed as a carcinogenic agent. The contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial benzidine concentration effects on the system were investigated. According to the findings, the proportion of benzidine removed rose as the adsorbent amount increased. The adsorption of benzidine followed a pseudo-second-order (PSOM) rate equation and fit well Langmuir (LIM) better than the other isotherm models. Maximum adsorption of benzidine on carbon black from sugar cane bagasse (CBB) (99.84%) was observed at pH 2.65 (normal pH), adsorption dose 2 g L^–1, and initial concentration of 50 mg L^–1 benzidine after contact time 50 min.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02432-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical signatures, quality and driving forces of phreatic groundwater in a typical headwater region of the Yellow River watershed","authors":"Kui Liu,&nbsp;Huijun Yan,&nbsp;Wanping Wang,&nbsp;Shengbin Wang,&nbsp;Zhigang Wang,&nbsp;Yong Xiao,&nbsp;Bo Guo,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Shilong Zhang,&nbsp;Guoqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Shaokang Yang,&nbsp;Yu Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02458-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02458-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater chemistry is essential for water supply to both human community and ecosystems. This study focuses on a typical headwater region of the Yellow River watershed, aiming to get insights into the hydrogeochemical characteristics and governing factors of phreatic groundwater in the large river watershed. Phreatic groundwater exhibits slightly alkaline properties in this alpine headwater region. The majority of the sampled groundwater is relatively fresh. Groundwater hydrochemical facies are predominantly of Ca–HCO₃ type, gradually evolving to Mg·Ca–Cl type, and then to Na–Cl along the groundwater flow path. Groundwater hydrochemical composition is primarily governed by sulfates dissolution, silicates weathering, and cation exchange reactions in natural processes. Agricultural practices and municipal sewage contribute nitrogen and chemical constituents into phreatic aquifers, resulting in increased salinity and the progressive deterioration of phreatic groundwater quality. Approximately 25% of sampling groundwater exceeded the recommended limit for NO₃⁻, and around 20% surpassed the limit for F⁻. These exceedances could potentially pose health risks to the population due to oral exposure. Groundwater exhibits significant variation in hydrochemical quality, with EWQI values ranging from 26 to 185. The majority (75%) of sampled groundwaters have the EWQI values less than 100, and are suitable for direct human consumption. Considering the rising population density in the alpine headwater region of large river watershed worldwide, the ongoing monitoring of groundwater supplies is essential to detect any potential toxic substances that may arise from human activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02458-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the probabilistic behavior of reference evapotranspiration using Vine tree sequence","authors":"Aliheidar Nasrolahi,&nbsp;Mohammad Nazeri Tahroudi,&nbsp;Yaser Sabzevari","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02429-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02429-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reference evapotranspiration, which includes the contribution of climatic conditions in potential evapotranspiration, is considered as an important and strategic criterion in water resources management and irrigation designs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and predict its changes in each region. In this study, using copula functions, the behavior and changes of this component were investigated in the west of Iran. For this purpose, the meteorological information of nine synoptic stations including Tmax, Tmin, WS, Rs, RHmax, and RHmin were used. This research aims to explore multivariate simulation based on vine tree sequences. Among these parameters, wind speed had the least effect on ET₀, and in all the studied stations, there was the highest correlation between ET₀-Tmax pair variable, which was equal to 0.90, 0.87, 0.89, 0.88, 0.86, 0.85, 0.88, and 0.81 in Aligudarz, Azna, Borujerd, Dorud, Khorramabad, Kuhdasht, Nurabad, and Poldakhter stations, respectively, based on Kendall's Tau statistics. The tree sequence of vine copulas including C-, D-, and R-vine was examined according to the input variables based on AIC and logarithm of likelihood evaluation criteria. According to the results, it was found that based on the evaluation criteria, the D-vine tree sequence has the best performance in the joint probability analysis of the studied variables. In addition, the results showed that the D-vine tree sequence, unlike the two R and C type sequences, has maintained the correlation between the studied pair variables until the last tree. The results of this study showed that copula functions could analyze evapotranspiration in different climates with high capability, which can be used in predicting the behavior of non-linear variables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02429-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced removal of metronidazole from aqueous solutions via photo-Fenton-like process: efficiency, kinetics, and toxicity assessment","authors":"Saeid Babaei,&nbsp;Farokh Rokhbakhsh-Zamin,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmadian,&nbsp;Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki,&nbsp;Nadia Kazemipour","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02428-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02428-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study investigated the degradation of the antibiotic metronidazole (MNZ) from aqueous solutions by means of a photo-Fenton-like process-based system. The efficiency of each variable such as CuCOFe₂O₄@AC nanoparticles (CFC), UV, and H₂O₂, along with their combined processes, was evaluated to select the most appropriate integrated process. In the second stage, a toxicity test was conducted to assess the drug residues in the effluent from the process. The toxicity test was conducted using the penetration method in Mueller-Hinton agar medium by inoculating wells and blank disks impregnated with the treated wastewater samples and control samples. The removal efficiencies of MNZ for UV, H₂O₂, CFC, UV + H₂O₂, CFC + H₂O₂, and UV + CFC + H₂O₂ processes were 2.28, 2.35%, 22.76, 7.53, 34.32, and 24.04%, respectively. As a result, the Fenton-like process (CFC + H₂O₂) was identified as the most effective method. Under test conditions: pH equal to 5, hydrogen peroxide value 1000 mg/L, CFC dosage 1000 mg/L, initial MNZ content 10 mg/L, and contact time 70 min, 67.5% of the antibiotic was removed. It was found that the effluent pharmaceutical residues were non-toxic to <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> bacteria. The kinetic studies for the Fenton-like process indicated that the second-order model best fitted the achieved results. Moreover, synergistic effect in the combination process was 1.86 times greater than that of the individual processes. Also, the process demonstrated favorable efficiency in removing MNZ from aqueous solutions. Since the treated wastewater is non-toxic and the nanoparticles can be magnetically recovered, this method appears to be a promising solution for the pharmaceutical industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02428-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of fluoride transport in groundwater using visual MODFLOW flex and Human Health Risk Assessment","authors":"Sathish Nagaraj,&nbsp;Uma Shankar Masilamani","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02454-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02454-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geogenic contamination of fluoride severely impacts groundwater quality rather than industrial contamination. In this study, MODFLOW and MT3D applications are used to predict the groundwater flow and fluoride transport in Vaniyambadi and Ambur taluk in Tirupathur district. The conceptual model with three-layered aquifer system has been developed using visual MODFLOW flex v6.1 for an area of 955 km², with each grid cell sized 1000 m × 1000 m (51 rows × 49 columns). The model was calibrated from 2021 to 2022 for 30 -day period. Calibration of groundwater flow simulation after 365 days indicates that <i>R</i>² value was 0.98; SEE, RMSE and NRMSE were 3.72 m, 27.87 m and 6.33%, respectively. MT3D simulation reveals that the value of R² was 0.97, and RMSE and NRMSE were 0.23 m and 7.41%, respectively. The calculated fluoride concentration ranges between 0.3 and 3.49 mg/L; after 20 years of prediction, it was found to be 0.35–2.69 mg/L. The source of fluoride contamination is charnockite and granite-gneiss complex rock in Yelagiri Hill, which has 4 mg/L; after 20 years of simulation, the concentration was 9.91 mg/L and the plume extends up to 8 km towards the Palar River basin. Furthermore, HHRA has been used to evaluate the impact of fluoride on adults and children. According to the HHRA, hazard index (HI) was found to be more than one in many locations, causing serious health hazard. The results of these findings pave the way for further research on prevention of groundwater pollution due to geogenic migration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02454-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}