Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Optimisation of the removal of antibiotics from aqueous environments through ultrasonic processing with α-hematite nanoparticles using response surface methodology (case study: cefixime)","authors":"Ahmad Rajabizadeh,&nbsp;Hossein Abdipour,&nbsp;Hossein Jafari Mansoorian","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02472-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02472-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The occurrence of contamination of emerging concerns (CECs) has turned into a significant challenge. In the present study, the elimination of Cefixime from the aquatic media was optimized. The ultrasonic method, combined through α-hematite nanoparticles, was studied using the response surface methodology (RSM). In this examination, various factors were evaluated to determine their impact, including pH levels (ranging from 5 to 11), nanoparticle dosage (0.05–0.3 g/L), contact time (10–90 min), primary Cefixime concentration (25–100 mg/L), and ultrasound wave frequencies (35–130 kHz). Nanoparticle characteristics were determined through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured to monitor the removal of Cefixime. The outcomes of the data analysis revealed that the catalyst dosage and contact time were the most significant factors influencing the Cefixime removal rate. The optimal conditions determined during the experiments included a pH of 3, an ultrasound wave frequency of 37 kHz, an initial Cefixime concentration of 25 mg/L, a catalyst dosage of 0.25 g/L, and a reaction time of 90 min. Under these conditions, a COD elimination efficiency of 98.7% was attained for Cefixime. The process kinetics adhered to a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, achieving an <i>R</i>² value of 0.9905. The findings of this research demonstrate the high efficiency of the sonocatalytic removal technique in eliminating Cefixime antibiotics from aqueous solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02472-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient separation and purification of yttrium from zirconium onto anion exchange sorbent Amberlite A27 from acidic solution","authors":"O. A. Abdel Moamen,&nbsp;E. M. Abu Elgoud,&nbsp;B. A. Masry,&nbsp;H. M. Gayed,&nbsp;Y. A. El-Nadi,&nbsp;E. H. Borai","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02471-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02471-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing adoption of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies in the dental industry has led to increase production of zirconia waste powder (ZWP), generated during the milling process of dental prostheses. Efficient recycling and processing of ZWP are essential to recover valuable metals and mitigate environmental impacts. This study examines the separation of zirconium Zr(IV) and yttrium Y(III) from ZWP via the use of Amberlite A27 chloride form, a strong base anion exchange sorbent, in acidic media (0.25 M H₂SO₄). This paper focuses on understanding the effects of initial Zr(IV) and Y(III) concentrations, sorbent amount, residence time, and system temperature on the sorption process. The optimum sorption conditions were found to be initial concentrations of [Zr] = [Y] = 100 mg/L, sorbent amount of 0.1 g, and a contact time of 30 min. A time transient study was conducted using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO) and fractal time transient models. The results showed that higher initial concentrations of the metal ions decreased the sorption percentage of the sorbent. An optimal maximum sorbent amount was determined to maximize metal ion uptake and found to be 0.25 g. Time transient studies revealed that the sorption of the studied ions onto Amberlite A27 followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the predominant mechanism. Additionally, the fractal time transient model provided insights into the complexity and heterogeneity of the sorption sites on the sorbent surface. The best-fitted (R² &gt; 0.95) fractal-like pseudo-second-order (PSO) model demonstrated energetic site heterogeneity. The overall findings showed that Amberlite A27 chloride form selectively recovered zirconium more than yttrium from an acidic sulfuric acid medium. Desorption studies showed that the loaded yttrium scrapped with deionized water and 1 M HCl was completely stripped zirconium with an efficiency of 95%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02471-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the parameters of different Muskingum models with chimp optimization algorithm and verifying them using the Daechung flood of 2014 and 2018","authors":"Farshad Haiati,&nbsp;Behrouz Yaghoubi,&nbsp;Sara Nazif","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02477-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02477-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Muskingum model (MM) is widely used for flood routing due to its simplicity and low cost. In the Muskingum method, parameters are determined based on flood data measured by upstream and downstream hydrometric stations. During the next flood event, based on the hydrograph of the inflow to the river basin and the parameters of the Muskingum model of the previous flood, the hydrograph of the outflow from the basin is predicted. Therefore, the accuracy of the Muskingum model becomes important in flood forecasting. In this research, in addition to presenting a new nonlinear Muskingum model of the fifth type with lateral flow (NLMM5-L), the accuracy of different nonlinear Muskingum models for forecasting Daechung 2018 flood based on Daechung 2014 flood and its Muskingum model parameters is evaluated. The chimp meta-heuristic algorithm has been used to determine the parameters of different Muskingum models, which are defined as optimization problems. The value of the objective function for Wilson's case study in the NLMM5-L model is determined to be 1.34 (m³/s)², which compared to previous research models, the NLMM5-L model performs very well. The number of decision variables in this model is 10. Different types of the Muskingum models i.e. NLMM1, NLMM2, NLMM3, NLMM4, NLMM5 and NLMM5-L are used for routing the Daechung 2014 flood and the value of the objective function for these models is determined to be 57.60, 56.76, 57.63, 54.75, 23.06 and 13.82(m³/s)², respectively. The Daechung 2018 flood is predicted based on the parameters of the mentioned models. In the Daechung flood case study, it is found that the Muskingum model, which is more accurate in the parameter estimation and flood routing stage, is not necessarily more accurate in predicting the desired flood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02477-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and hydrogen storage application of innovated ternary-based NiFe2O4/Fe2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites by facile Pechini sol–gel method","authors":"Fatemeh Sadat Razavi,&nbsp;Hanieh Ansarinejad,&nbsp;Safaa Mustafa Hameed,&nbsp;Forat H. Alsultany,&nbsp;Hadil Hussain Hamza,&nbsp;Masoud Salavati-Niasari","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02483-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02483-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, renewable and clean energy sources, such as hydrogen, play a key role in the development of societies. Hydrogen can be stored in various ways, like the electrochemical approach. Hydrogen stands out as a promising clean-burning fuel for future energy systems. However, its relatively low volumetric energy density at ambient conditions has made it challenging to optimize its storage and use effectively. To tackle the energy crisis, researchers have been focusing on developing advanced electrode materials with high capacity to address these limitations and improve hydrogen's practicality for energy production and consumption. This study illustrates the first effort to design and investigate the performance of ternary NiFe₂O₄/Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite as an electrocatalyst for usage in electrochemical hydrogen storage applications. Ternary NiFe₂O₄/Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites have been synthesized through the multiple-step method. Various techniques have been employed to characterize the resulting nanostructures, focusing on aspects such as their morphology, porosity, dimensions, composition, and level of purity. Additionally, the efficiency of the engineered nanocomposites for electrochemical hydrogen storage has been assessed through cyclic voltammetry and galvonastatic charge–discharge methods. The discharge capacity value of NiFe₂O₄/Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ ternary nanocomposites at constant current (± 1 mA) in an alkaline solution (KOH 2.0 M) was obtained to be 900 mAh/ after 15 cycles, while this value of NiFe₂O₄ nanostructure and NiFe₂O₄/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite was estimated about 480 and 725 mAh/g at the same condition, respectively. Based on the results, electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of NiFe₂O₄/Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ has been improved due to the several reasons including (i) formation of new sites through the charge and discharge reaction at the working electrode surface, (ii) high specific surface area of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) and (iii) synergistic effect between each component of final nanocomposite. NiFe₂O₄/Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄-based ternary nanocomposites display superior hydrogen sorption during the physisorption process, redox reaction and spillover mechanism which confirms the NiFe₂O₄/Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites are favorable candidate to use for hydrogen storage application<b>.</b></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02483-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of solar desalination unit performance using air-pressurized humidifier with economic analysis","authors":"Ammar S. Easa,&nbsp;Mohamed T. Tolan,&nbsp;Ahmed R. S. Essa,&nbsp;Aly M. A. Soliman","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02480-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02480-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water is essential for life on Earth. Desalination may reduce water shortages by turning salty water into drinkable water. We study a solar desalination process that combines a humidifier and a dehumidifier. The present work measures solar HDH desalination distinctively using an air-pressurized humidifier. This humidification technique employs an air-pressurized humidifier to increase water droplet dispersion and decrease droplet size. The experiment examines compressed air flow, air pressure, nozzle diameter, and humidification pattern breadth. Water output increases due to the broader spraying pattern and smaller air-pressurized nozzle. The suggested system produces 27.8 kg of distilled water every day for 0.0066 $ per liter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02480-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and synthesis of g-C3N4-doped Bi-MOF composites for high-efficient catalytic ozonation of 4-Nitrophenol: mechanism, effect parameters and degradation pathways analysis","authors":"Wenli Wang,&nbsp;Yuehui Tai,&nbsp;Qian Wu,&nbsp;Shuai Shao,&nbsp;Yuhui Zhao,&nbsp;Lingxiao Cai,&nbsp;Qifeng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02476-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02476-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>4-Nitrophenol (4-NP), a toxic and persistent pollutant in chemical wastewater, presents significant challenges in degradation and mineralization. Conventional ozone-oxidation catalysts are hindered by low efficiency, mass transfer constraints and metal leaching, necessitating the development of stable and efficient catalysts. Herein, the Bi-MOF/g-C₃N₄/MS composite materials were prepared by the solvothermal method and an immersion-induced phase separation strategy. The resulting materials were characterized and applied for catalytic ozonation degradation of 4-NP. Under the specific experimental conditions of the O₃ + BiCN100/MS system, the total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand removal rates of 4-NP were observed to reach 71.2% and 83.7% within 20 min, respectively. These two parameters were improved by raising the initial pH, reducing 4-NP concentration and increasing the catalyst dosage. The abundant Lewis acid sites were regarded as the pivotal catalytic site of BiCN100/MS, which were conducive to the adsorption of O₃ and the acceleration of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The electron paramagnetic resonance results demonstrated that the primary ROS engaged in the degradation reaction were ¹O₂, ·O₂⁻ and ⋅OH. Toxicity analysis revealed that the O₃ + BiCN100/MS system exhibited an effective detoxification effect. Ultimately, the primary degradation pathway of 4-NP was proposed through liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) analyses at varying reaction times. Additionally, BiCN100/MS demonstrated excellent stability and reusability in actual waste water cyclic experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02476-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow and heat transfer characteristics of CNTs-enhanced water-based hybrid nanofluid flow on a stretching surface","authors":"Humaira Yasmin,&nbsp;Rawan Bossly,&nbsp;Fuad S. Alduais,&nbsp;Afrah Al-Bossly,&nbsp;Anwar Saeed","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02491-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02491-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study discusses numerically the gyrating flow of a hybrid nanofluid comprising carbon nanotube nanoparticles on a stretched sheet employing a porous medium. To create a hybrid nanofluid mixture, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube nanoparticles are mixed with water. The sheet’s surface is subject to velocity slip and convective conditions. The effects of Joule heating, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and viscous dissipation have been used. The model is shown as PDEs, which are subsequently rehabilitated to ODEs using similarity variables. As the outcome of this study, a greater magnetic factor escalates the velocity panel along the secondary direction and heat profile while decreasing the primary velocity. Higher nanoparticle volume fractions improve the thermal profile while declining the velocity profiles along the primary and secondary directions. Both the primary and secondary velocity distributions decrease in response to the increased rotation and velocity slip factors. The temperature distribution is enhanced with the heat source factor, thermal radiation factor, Eckert, and thermal Biot numbers. The Schmidt number has reduced the concentration panels, whereas the concentration Biot number improved the concentration distribution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02491-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: GIS-based multi-criteria decision making for identifying rainwater harvesting sites","authors":"Waqed H. Hassan,&nbsp;Karrar Mahdi,&nbsp;Zahraa K. Kadhim","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02468-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02468-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02468-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing green building decision-making with a hybrid fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS model for material selection","authors":"Weiran Cheng,&nbsp;Manting Hu,&nbsp;Chaonan Wu","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02481-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02481-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable material selection is essential for minimizing environmental impact, resource depletion, and energy consumption in construction. We propose a hybrid fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS model to evaluate and rank four material alternatives based on nine sustainability criteria across three environmental, economic, and social dimensions. Fuzzy AHP determines criteria weights based on expert judgments, while TOPSIS ranks materials based on their relative closeness to the ideal sustainable solution. The results indicate that fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) ranked first (<i>C</i>_<i>i</i> = 0.885) due to its low carbon footprint and high recyclability, followed by cross-laminated timber (CLT) (<i>C</i>_<i>i</i> = 0.873), autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) (<i>C</i>_<i>i</i> = 0.832), and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) (<i>C</i>_<i>i</i> = 0.791). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the rankings, demonstrating the model’s adaptability to different sustainability priorities. However, expert judgment introduces subjectivity, and integrating real-time sustainability data, such as material lifecycle emissions and resource availability updates, could enhance decision-making accuracy. This hybrid model offers a structured, transparent, and adaptable decision-making framework, ensuring transparency in the weighting process, material ranking, and overall selection methodology, thereby contributing to data-driven sustainable material selection for green building applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02481-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic potential of magnetic NiMnFeO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites for degradation of aqueous organic pollutants: Schiff-base ligand-assisted sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis, characterization and mechanism analysis","authors":"Samira Mazaheri,&nbsp;Rozita Monsef,&nbsp;Forat H. Alsultany,&nbsp;Masoud Salavati-Niasari","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02469-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02469-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globally, the contamination of aquatic systems and wastewater by dyes is highlighted as a critical concern for human beings. Therefore, it is necessary to construct novel heterostructure photocatalysts with broadened light absorption range and enhanced charge transfer rates. The primary objective of this research is to achieve the NiMnFeO₄ phases through an auto-combustion route with exploring various Schiff base ligand’s effects such as H₂Salen, H₂Salpn, and H₂Salophen on crystalline structural and morphological features. Following this, a composite of NiMnFeO₄ nanoparticles and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanosheets was synthesized via a sonochemical-assisted co-precipitation process, in which diverse weight proportions of nano-NiMnFeO₄ was employed. To unveil the crystalline structure, chemical composition, morphology and magnetic properties of NiMnFeO₄/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites, multiple spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were carried out. The outcomes displayed that pure NiMnFeO₄ phase synthesized in the presence of H₂Salpn have optical bandgap energy of 2.0 eV and morphologically desirable nano-sample. The photocatalytic efficiencies and kinetic investigation of as-obtained NiMnFeO₄, g-C₃N₄ and various NiMnFeO₄/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite’s types were perused through degradation of cationic malachite green and anionic eosin dyes under visible light irradiation. The content of nano-NiMnFeO₄ in binary component systems changed the yields of the photocatalytic process and NiMnFeO₄/g-C₃N₄ (0.25:1) nanocomposites revealed highest eosin degradation proficiency (95.12%) in visible region after 120 min. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism underlying eosin degradation via photocatalytic activity was thoroughly investigated via reactive species scavenging experiments. In photoreactions conducted by optimum NiMnFeO₄/g-C₃N₄ (0.25:1) sample, both hydroxyl and superoxide radicals performed the superior role for the photocatalytic breakdown of eosin below visible lamp.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02469-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}