Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"MnCo2O4 nanostructures: hydrothermal and co-precipitation synthesis, first investigation and optimization for photocatalytic degradation of ES","authors":"Azam Sobhani,&nbsp;Fatemeh Aliabadi,&nbsp;Mehdi Mousavi-Kamazani","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02628-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02628-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MnCo₂O₄ (manganese cobaltite) nanostructures are synthesized through two chemical procedures, such as co-precipitation, and hydrothermal. Both methods led to the synthesis of the pure MnCo₂O₄. These materials are used as photocatalyst for Eosin (ES) degradation under UV light irradiation. We investigate the effects of some agents on the purity and applications of the photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity gradually increases with decreasing dye concentration and increasing the photocatalyst dosage up to 30 mg. The degradation of ES with 10, 20, and 30 ppm concentrations occurs at 84.35%, 75.76%, and 54.91%, in the presence of MnCo₂O₄, respectively. 30 mg of MnCo₂O₄ shows an excellent degradation activity for ES (~ 94%). The optimal sample with 30 mg MnCo₂O₄ (sample 9) as photocatalyst and 10 ppm concentration of ES at the basicity condition presents higher degradation percent (94.55%). MnCo₂O₄ exhibits excellent catalytic activity compared with other similar photocatalysts. These findings highlight the potential of this material for practical application in wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02628-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of algal-based hollow fibre membrane bioreactors for aquaculture wastewater treatment","authors":"Damini Gupta,&nbsp;Monika Sogani,&nbsp;Vishal Anand,&nbsp;Zainab Syed,&nbsp;Samiksha Verma,&nbsp;P. J. John","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02613-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02613-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fast expansion of aquaculture to fulfil rising worldwide seafood demand poses considerable environmental concerns, particularly in the appropriate management of nutrient-rich wastewater. Traditional wastewater treatment methodologies often prove insufficient for addressing the high concentrations of organic matter and dissolved nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, characteristic of aquaculture discharge. This inadequacy underscores the urgent need for advanced and innovative approaches to mitigate the ecological impacts of aquaculture operations, including eutrophication and degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Recently, “algal-based hollow fibre membrane bioreactors” (A-HFMBRs) have surfaced as a viable solution for green and effective wastewater treatment. These bioreactors effectively remove organic and inorganic matter, reduce the risk of eutrophication, and generate valuable by-products. They also offer advantages such as low energy consumption, high algal biomass yield, and efficient water reclamation. This review critically evaluates advanced methodologies for aquaculture wastewater treatment, with a particular focus on membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems and A-HFMBR. It discusses the novel approaches for fouling prevention in MBR systems. The review delves into the critical factors impacting the efficiency of A-HFMBR systems, including hydraulic retention time, nutrient removal, etc. It also evaluates the environmental and cost-effective feasibility of these technologies to assess their suitability for large-scale deployment and highlights their significant challenges. By identifying key challenges and proposing future research directions, this study aims to advance the development of A-HFMBRs as a sustainable solution for aquaculture wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02613-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing treatment performance of anaerobic bioreactor under short hydraulic retention time mediated by chitosan","authors":"Williams Amankwah,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Chen,&nbsp;Yang Zikang,&nbsp;Ren Luotong,&nbsp;Wang Yuqi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02444-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02444-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Short hydraulic retention time (HRT) treatment operation offers promising techno-economic advantages; however, the treatment effect on extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), mass transfer, microbial structure, and metabolism still needs further understanding. We examined the treatment performance and microbial community structure using a spiral symmetry stream anaerobic bioreactor (SSSAB) at varied HRT conditions. After each operating period, water quality results indicated that phases I (HRT 12 h), II (HRT 6–2 h), and III (HRT 3.2–5 h) achieved chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies of 89.7 ± 1.1%, 94.8 ± 0.3%, and 78.9 ± 1.6%, respectively. The NH₃–N increasing rates observed in phases I, II, and III were 34.5 ± 5.5%, 33.4 ± 5.7%, and 18.2 ± 2.7%, indicating limited NH₃–N removal efficiency in phases I and II. The EPS experimental results revealed that chitosan addition in SSSAB reduced the EPS secretion, notably polysaccharides. This reduction led to an increase in the protein/polysaccharide ratio within the microbial matrix. The altered EPS composition increased the mass transfer resistance between microbes and substrates. Our findings suggest that chitosan acts as a regulatory agent, influencing both EPS composition and microbial metabolism, potentially offering a strategy for controlling microbial activity in bioreactors. The analysis from high-throughput amplicon sequencing revealed that <i>Geobacter</i> and <i>Methanosaeta</i> dominated all bioreactor compartments. Chitosan addition did not inhibit <i>Geobacter</i> and <i>Methanosaeta</i> direct interspecies electron transfer for substrate digestion and methanogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02444-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal characterization of groundwater hydrogeochemistry using GIS, multivariate statistics and geochemical modeling in the Lower Ganga-Yamuna Doab region, India","authors":"Ashutosh Mishra,&nbsp;Prabuddh Kumar Mishra,&nbsp;Anupam Mishra,&nbsp;Hemant Kumar Pandey,&nbsp;Kamal Abdelrahman,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Fnais","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02448-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02448-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater is essential to sustain life but is susceptible to geogenic and anthropogenic contamination. This study investigates hydrochemical characteristics, contamination sources and geochemical mechanisms affecting groundwater mineralization in India’s Lower Ganga-Yamuna Doab region. Under investigation, a total of 314 groundwater samples were collected during the pre-monsoon (PrM) and post-monsoon (PoM) seasons and analyzed for 15 physico-chemical parameters. The findings reveal that the groundwater in the study area is predominantly fresh but hard, with higher concentrations of fluoride, nitrate, and iron. Major cations and anions were found in the order of Na⁺ &gt; Ca²⁺ &gt; Mg²⁺ &gt; K⁺ &gt; Fe²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ &gt; Cl⁻ &gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻ &gt; F⁻. The Piper diagram reveals that the prevailing hydrochemical facies were mixed Ca–Na–HCO₃ and Ca–HCO₃. The chloro-alkaline indices (CIA) and the Chadha diagram suggest that both ion exchange and reverse ion exchange processes have influenced the hydrochemistry of groundwater. The spatial variation of groundwater hydrochemistry can be attributed to the higher concentrations of TDS, TH, HCO₃⁻, F⁻, NO₃⁻, and Fe²⁺. However, the temporal variation in the groundwater geochemistry was controlled by the dilution effect of rainwater. A multivariate analysis employing principal component analysis and the Pearson correlation matrix provides a robust framework for understanding the complex interactions affecting groundwater quality. Gibbs diagram and geochemical modeling revealed that the primary influences on major ion chemistry in both the period are weathering and dissolution of carbonate and silicate minerals and the interactions between rock and water. However, during the PoM period, variations in hydrogeochemical behavior are likely caused by factors such as rainfall-induced irrigation return flow, leaching of fertilizers and other anthropogenic inputs. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach, offering significant insights for developing sustainable groundwater management strategies in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02448-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First photocatalytic investigation on Cd–Mn–O nanocomposites for the degradation of Eriochrome Black T","authors":"Azam Sobhani,&nbsp;Elaheh Rouhani,&nbsp;Mehdi Mousavi-Kamazani","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02627-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02627-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of photocatalysts for water purification is of great interest. The photocatalysts use solar energy to degrade organic pollutants. In this work, Cd-Mn–O nanocomposites (CMO NCs) were synthesized through simple co-precipitation and hydrothermal routes. The co-precipitation synthesis was fabricated without and also with capping agents, CTAB, PEG4000 and PVA. The hydrothermal synthesis was promoted without surfactant at 120, 150 and 180 °C for the different times. We also investigated effects some parameters, including, the surfactant, temperature and time in this synthesis. SEM images showed that multifaceted structures with diameters 10–300 nm, and clumps of the semi-spherical and multifaceted structures with different sizes (50–400 nm) were formed via co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, respectively. With the hydrothermal route, nanorods and nanowires with diameters less than 50 nm could also be seen among these structures. TEM images confirmed SEM results and showed the formation of the spherical and multifaceted structures with diameters ranging from 2 to 30 nm, for the product prepared via co-precipitation. XRD patterns showed the formation of CdMn₂O₄ and CdO phases. The peaks at 500–700 cm⁻¹ in FT-IR were related to the vibrations of Mn‒O and Cd‒O bonds. The presence of Cd, Mn, and O peaks in EDS confirmed the formation of CdMn₂O₄. Also, we highlighted the photocatalytic activities of CMO NCs, for the first time. To optimize the photocatalytic activities, we utilized both cationic and anionic dyes, including Rhodamine B (RB), Malachite green (MG), and Eriochrome Black T (EBT). We investigated the effects of some parameter to assess the UV-assisted photocatalytic activity of the CMO NCs. Maximum decolorization was achieved for the degradation of 5 ppm of EBT, with 0.05 g photocatalyst dosage, under UV irradiation after 120 min. It was selected as an optimum condition. The optimum CMO NC could catalyze the degradation of EBT by about 95.5%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02627-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality-assisted visualization of flood susceptibility using optimized machine learning models","authors":"Seyed Vahid Razavi-Termeh,&nbsp;Jalal Safari Bazargani,&nbsp;Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki,&nbsp;Houbing Song,&nbsp;Soo-Mi Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02606-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02606-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective flood disaster preparedness and mitigation techniques require flood susceptibility mapping (FSM). However, existing maps do not offer the stakeholders a good understanding and clear rationale for decision-making, as they lack a comprehensive and intuitive spatial representation. To bridge this gap, this research suggests a novel approach that exploits the immersive experience of virtual reality (VR) that engages users in a virtual setting further synchronized with the appropriate machine learning algorithms to interpret and explore the flood risk exposure in the first place. Initially, the research fine-tunes the random forest (RF) model with the invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm to enhance the precision of flood susceptibility forecasts. Additionally, the study utilizes VR technology to present flood susceptibility maps and important spatial factors in a setting. The research focused on Kazerun and Kooh Chenar regions in the part of Irans Fars province. In this study, the areas impacted by monsoon floods in 2022 and fourteen critical spatial factors were used as inputs for the modeling process. According to evaluation metrics like root mean square error (RMSE) (training 0.11 and testing 0.21), mean absolute error (MAE) (training 0.042 and testing 0.092), coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) (training 0.94 and testing 0.81), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve (90%), the RF-IWO model produced more accurate flood susceptibility maps than the RF model. The combination of optimal machine learning techniques and VR visualization can convincingly contribute to a tool for analyzing flood risk and zonal planning in future flood risk management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02606-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced remediation of heavy metals and dyes from industrial runoff using nanostructured cubebinol-chitosan composite beads","authors":"S Hari Lakshmi,&nbsp;Thiyagarajan Devasena,&nbsp;Ravindra Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Manzoore Elahi Mohammad Soudagar,&nbsp;Arumugam Suresh,&nbsp;R. Giri Prasad,&nbsp;Bharathi Selvaraj,&nbsp;Kumaran Subramanian,&nbsp;Ali Kudamba,&nbsp;Mohammad Z. Ahmed,&nbsp;M Dhinakaran","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02529-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02529-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrial wastewater contamination with toxic metals and carcinogenic dyes poses a severe environmental threat, necessitating the development of efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective remediation strategies. This study introduces a novel nanostructured cubebinol-chitosan composite bead system for the enhanced removal of heavy metals (Cr, Ni) and hazardous dyes (Rhodamine 6G, Congo red) from industrial effluents. The novelty of this work lies in the synergistic combination of cubebinol, a bioactive phytochemical from <i>Piper cubeba</i>, with chitosan, a biodegradable biopolymer, forming a composite that not only enhances adsorption efficiency but also improves stability and recyclability for sustainable water treatment. Process optimization was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design, enabling a systematic evaluation of key operational parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. Experimental results demonstrated high removal efficiencies, with pH and contact time identified as critical factors influencing adsorption performance. Additionally, preliminary in silico analysis using AutoDock was performed to determine the binding affinity of cubebinol with various dye pollutants, revealing that Congo red and Rhodamine 6G exhibited the highest binding energies. These docking interactions suggest a strong affinity between cubebinol and these dyes, supporting their selection for degradation studies. Comparative analysis with conventional adsorbents highlights the superior adsorption capacity, reusability, and cost-effectiveness of cubebinol-chitosan nanobeads, marking a significant advancement over existing materials. This study presents a scalable and sustainable solution for industrial wastewater treatment, offering an eco-friendly approach to mitigating heavy metal and dye pollution while contributing to environmental sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02529-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing a photothermal membrane for clean water generation using sugarcane bagasse residuals and graphene oxide as carbon-based nanomaterials","authors":"Aya H. Abd El-Latief,&nbsp;Mohamed E. Abuarab,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Kasem,&nbsp;Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02617-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02617-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The scarcity of freshwater, the energy crisis, and environmental pollution represent three significant threats to humanity. Bio-waste is a notable contributor to environmental pollutants and a renewable resource with considerable promise. Consequently, the issues of water scarcity and pollution emerge as pressing global challenges that demand sustainable and economically viable solutions for the generation of clean water. This research investigates the creation of photothermal membranes utilizing activated carbon derived from sugarcane waste (ACB) in conjunction with polyvinyl chloride hydrogel (PVA). These membranes, enhanced with graphene oxide (GO), demonstrate impressive solar thermal conversion efficiency and water evaporation rates, thereby fulfilling the requirements for water desalination and wastewater treatment. Experimental findings indicate that the optimal carbon content of 0.1 g in ACB-PVA hydrogels resulted in photothermal conversion efficiency of 78.8% and a water evaporation rate of 0.8 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. The addition of GO significantly enhanced performance, with the GO/ACB-PVA hydrogel achieving an evaporation rate of 2.4 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under solar exposure. Furthermore, the membranes effectively eliminated Reactive Red dye (RR dye) from industrial wastewater, achieving an 83% removal rate in batch tests and 65% in solar-powered systems within a two-hour time limit. This study offers a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable method for water purification and desalination, leveraging agricultural waste and renewable energy to tackle global water issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02617-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved export coefficient model to determine total phosphorous loss spatial and temporal hotspots","authors":"Mehdi Teimouri,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Khaleghi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02609-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02609-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-point source (NPS) phosphorus pollution remains a key driver of eutrophication in complex, data-limited watersheds. This research introduces an improved export coefficient model (ECM) called CAIBI-ECM, which incorporates the Contributing Area Index (CAI), Buffer Retention Index (BI), and monthly rainfall fluctuations to enhance the estimation of total phosphorus (TP) loss. The model was applied to the Shirin–Darreh watershed in northeastern Iran, characterized by heterogeneous land use and a eutrophic reservoir. Using GIS-based terrain and rainfall data, CaiBI-ECM simulated monthly TP exports across the watershed. Validation against field observations showed that the enhanced model reduced relative prediction errors by over 29.13% compared to a traditional ECM, with annual accuracy improving from 89.25 to 9.00%. Spatial diagnostics revealed that just 15–20% of the watershed contributes about 70% of the TP load. Temporal analysis highlighted April–June as the dominant export period, accounting for over 40% of the total annual loss due to runoff from snowmelt and rainfall. Hotspots were concentrated in eastern dry farming zones where low BI values (&lt; 0.1) Limited retention. Reservoir TP concentrations reached 101.34 µg/L, far exceeding mesotrophic thresholds, and requiring a 72.2% reduction in loading. Scenario testing showed that only spatially and seasonally targeted best management practices (BMPs) could achieve meaningful mitigation. The CAIBI-ECM offers a scalable, low-data approach for identifying critical source areas, supporting adaptive watershed management under Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02609-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of phytotoxicity and enhanced removal of tetracycline from wastewater using magnetic activated carbon derived from Peltophorum pterocarpum leaves","authors":"Hariom Singh,&nbsp;Gokulakrishnan Murugesan,&nbsp;Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan,&nbsp;Raja Selvaraj,&nbsp;Ramesh Vinayagam","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02614-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02614-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of magnetic activated carbon adsorbent prepared from the leaves of <i>Peltophorum pterocarpum</i> for tetracycline (TC) removal from wastewater. The material exhibited a high surface area (1022.36 m²/g) and well–developed porous morphology, confirming its mesoporous structure. XPS analysis indicated interactions between Fe₃O₄ and TC molecules. The superparamagnetic nature of the adsorbent allowed efficient separation from solution. Adsorption experiments showed rapid and effective TC uptake, with maximum monolayer capacity of 123.32 mg/g based on the Langmuir model. Kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order model, and the Freundlich isotherm suggested multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. In hospital effluent, the adsorbent achieved 90.0 mg/g adsorption, demonstrating performance under real-water conditions. Regeneration studies showed the material retained 58.5 mg/g capacity after five cycles, highlighting its reusability. Phytotoxicity assessments revealed reduced TC toxicity, with increased seed germination compared to untreated wastewater, indicating environmental safety. These results underscore the potential of the prepared adsorbent as a scalable, efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbent, combining high adsorption capacity, magnetic recoverability, and long-term reusability for effective pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02614-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}