Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking the hidden depth: mapping groundwater potential in Melka Soda district, Genale–Dawa Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Dechasa Diriba,&nbsp;Abiyot Legesse Kura,&nbsp;Asnake Yimam,&nbsp;Shankar Karuppannan","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02612-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02612-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater is a crucial resource due to its consistent availability and good natural quality. Water resources in the Melka Soda district face significant challenges due to poor rainfall and a lack of surface water. To investigate groundwater potential zones in the Melka Soda district, the present research integrates remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodologies. Based on the literature and expert opinions, eight controlling factors were chosen: rainfall, geomorphology, land cover, soil texture, lineament density, lithology, drainage density, slope, and land use. Appropriate weights were assigned to each component in the AHP in accordance with their relative significance in the area’s groundwater occurrence. Weighted sum overlay analysis was utilized to aggregate all factors, and the resulting groundwater potential index was applied to detect four groundwater potential zones, viz., very low 245.3 km² (14.5%), low 535.9 km² (31.7%), moderate 558.1 km² (33%), and high 347.3 km² (20.8%). This implies that more than half, 905.4 km² (53.8%) of the study area is categorized as having moderate to high groundwater potential. These identified groundwater potential zones were overlaid with discharge data from 21 wells and boreholes and showed an accuracy of 85.7%. The findings can be used to plan and execute more efficient water management strategies and future development projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02612-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating and identifying key parameters influencing biomass production and wastewater treatment in algal-membrane photobioreactors using multivariate analysis","authors":"Md. Shafiquzzaman,&nbsp;Husnain Haider,&nbsp;Mohammad Alresheedi,&nbsp;Mohammad Shahedur Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02618-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02618-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates biomass production, wastewater treatment efficiency, and membrane fouling behavior in Algal Membrane Photobioreactors (AMPBRs) operated under varying conditions. Six lab-scale AMPBRs were operated continuously under different organic loading rates (OLRs) and hydraulic retention times (HRTs), with a constant flux of 100 L/m²/day and a 12-h light/dark cycle. Performance was assessed in terms of biomass yield, contaminant removal efficiency, and membrane fouling characteristics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the most critical parameters influencing AMPBR performance and efficiency. Experimental results showed that the highest biomass production rate (40 mg/L d) occurred under lower OLR conditions. BOD and COD removal efficiencies exceeded 85–95%, while total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal rates ranged from 55 to 60% and 20 to 35%, respectively, under different OLR and HRT conditions. Five principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues higher than ‘1’ were extracted. PC1 reflected variability associated with influent organic content, photosynthetic activity, and membrane fouling rates. PC2 was influenced by HRT, effluent organic content, and phosphorus levels, while PC3 represented nutrient variability in the effluent. Factor loading analysis revealed that OLR and HRT strongly influenced biomass production. In contrast, organic matter (BOD and COD) removal was largely independent of these parameters. TN removal was primarily driven by algal assimilation at lower OLR, but shifted toward nitrification and denitrification under higher OLR conditions. TP removal was significantly affected by HRT, with minimal dependence on OLR. Membrane fouling rates increased at higher OLRs due to elevated production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02618-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic potential of deficit irrigation and grafted eggplant on wild rootstocks for enhanced growth, yield, and water productivity","authors":"Pratapsingh S. Khapte,&nbsp;Lahu S. Chavan,&nbsp;Sushil S. Changan,&nbsp;Goraksha C. Wakchaure,&nbsp;Raghwendra A. Patil,&nbsp;Lalu Prasad Yadav,&nbsp;T. H. Singh,&nbsp;K. Sammi Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02504-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02504-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As climate change intensifies water scarcity, sustainable strategies are essential for vegetable production under water-limited conditions. This study evaluates the potential of grafted eggplant onto wild rootstocks under deficit irrigation (DI) to enhance growth, yield, and water productivity (WP). A two-year field experiment in semi-arid regions of India investigated the effects of three DI levels (100, 80, and 60% ETc) in the main plot and five graft combinations (SUR/GIL, SUR/IND, SUR/MAC, SUR/SIS, and SUR/TOR), along with a non-grafted variety Suraj in the subplot, with three replications. The data were analysed using individual and pooled analysis of variance based on a split-plot design. The results showed that fruit yield declined with reduced irrigation across all graft combinations, including the non-grafted control. However, graft combinations with drought-tolerant wild rootstocks, particularly SUR/SIS and SUR/TOR, consistently outperformed non-grafted Suraj under optimal (100% ETc) and deficit irrigation (60% ETc). Under 60% ETc, SUR/SIS recorded the highest yield, with only a 14% reduction compared to 100% ETc, followed by SUR/TOR with a 19% reduction, while non-grafted Suraj showed the highest reduction of up to 25%. WP was highest at 60% ETc, with SUR/SIS achieving 9.47 kg m⁻³ (41% higher) and SUR/TOR reaching 8.22 kg m⁻³ (22% higher) than non-grafted Suraj (6.72 kg m⁻³). The enhanced yield and WP under DI in grafted plants were attributed to superior growth, improved soil–plant water balance, sustained PSII efficiency, and enhanced antioxidative defence mechanisms. Grafting also enhanced fruit quality traits such as length, diameter, total soluble solids, and firmness. Therefore, integrating DI with grafting onto <i>S. sisymbriifolium</i> and <i>S. torvum</i> rootstocks offers a sustainable strategy to enhance yield and WP of eggplant in semi-arid regions. This strategy can be adapted to other fruiting vegetable crops in semi-arid regions to broaden its applicability under changing climatic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02504-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate from livestock wastewater by magnesite tailings modified biochar: performance and mechanisms","authors":"Huanling Zheng,&nbsp;Chaokun Ma,&nbsp;Tianyuan Li,&nbsp;Xiaowen Fu,&nbsp;Fanyong Song,&nbsp;Jianing Wang,&nbsp;Yujie Huang,&nbsp;Qingqing Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02598-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02598-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, magnesium-modified biochar gained significant attention as an adsorbent for removing nitrogen and phosphorus from aquatic environments. In this study, magnesite tailings were innovatively used as magnesium modifiers and rice straw was used as carbon sources, respectively, to prepare a low-cost and efficient magnesia tailing-modified biochar. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacities for NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻ were 138.39 mg/g and 279.42 mg/g, respectively. More importantly, the adsorption performance and removal efficiency for NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻ remained stable over a pH range of 3–10. The influences of common anions on adsorption performance were also relatively small, indicating good adsorption capacity and stability of this modified biochar. Characterization analysis, adsorption kinetics models, and isotherm models revealed that the primary mechanisms for NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻ adsorption were struvite precipitation, ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and diffusion. Moreover, the removal efficiencies of NH₄⁺ and PO₄³⁻ from livestock wastewater reached 97.5% and 99.6%, respectively. These results suggested that magnesia tailing-modified biochar exhibited several advantages such as low-cost raw materials, simple preparation, and excellent adsorption performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02598-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater quality prediction for drinking and irrigation uses in the Murcia region (Spain) by artificial neural networks","authors":"Eva M. García-del-Toro,&nbsp;M. Isabel Más-López,&nbsp;Luis F. Mateo,&nbsp;M. Ángeles Quijano","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02605-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02605-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research proposes the use of machine learning tools to assess groundwater quality in the semiarid Mediterranean region of Murcia, Spain, with a focus on the risk of aquifer salinization. Two groundwater quality indices were defined: one for drinking water (DWQI) and another for irrigation purposes (IWQI), calculated using ten and fifteen parameters, respectively. The weights of the parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major ion concentrations, as well as the Kelly ratio, KR; magnesium hardness, MH; potential salinity, PS; sodium absorption rate, SAR; and the percentage of soluble sodium, %Na in the calculation of these indices were determined through principal component analysis (PCA). The developed artificial neural network (ANN) models included a resilient backpropagation multilayer perceptron (RProp-MLP) and a probabilistic neural network with dynamic decay adjustment (PNN DDA), both implemented within a KNIME framework. Input variables were selected based on Spearman correlation analysis, PCA, and scientific criteria related to the risk of saline intrusion and irrigation water infiltration. The dataset consisted of 1962 groundwater samples collected from 159 sampling points between 2000 and 2023, covering 38 groundwater bodies with diverse hydrochemical characteristics. Both models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with the RProp-MLP model outperforming the PNN DDA across all evaluated metrics. The best results were obtained using RProp-MLP with seven-input variables (Ca²⁺, Cl^‒, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, NO₃^‒, SO₄^2‒ and EC), although satisfactory accuracy was also achieved using only five-input variables. This study highlights the effectiveness of ANN-based models for groundwater quality assessment and management, contributing to the sustainable use of water resources in semiarid regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02605-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating watershed erosion through hypsometric analysis with remote sensing and GIS: a case of gelda watershed, Tana Sub-Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Dessie Wubetu Melsse,&nbsp;Moges Animut Tegegne,&nbsp;Yitbarek Andualem Mekonnen,&nbsp;Yilak Taye Bihon","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02525-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02525-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the status of watershed erosion is essential for effective watershed management and sustainable water resources utilization. This study aimed to determine the erosion vulnerability of the Gelda entire watershed and its 26 sub-watersheds within the Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia, using hypsometric analysis. The data analysis began processing a 12.5 m by 12.5 m digital elevation model (DEM) in ArcGIS 10.5 to delineate 26 sub-watersheds from WS-1 to WS-26 and extract the DEM of each of the watersheds. Subsequently, the hypsometric curve and integral (HI) were computed for the entire Gelda watershed and its 26 sub-watersheds. The result indicates the entire watershed has an HI of 0.49, which is a mature stage, and the sub-watersheds range from 0.4 for WS-7 to .51 for WS-5 and WS-21, revealing varying degrees of erosion vulnerability. The watershed with higher HI values correlated with a youthful, erosion-prone landscape, whereas the sub-watershed (WS-7) with an HI value of 0.4 revealed that this sub-watershed is a relatively more mature and stable landscape. The coefficient of determination (R2) exceeds 0.5, confirming the robustness of the hypsometric curves in accurately representing topographic features. This is aligned with a similar study conducted by Raja Shekar (Watershed Ecol Environ 6:13–25, 2024). The study highlights the practical application of hypsometric analysis for regional watershed erosion conservation. It enables prioritizing the soil conservation measures, including tracing and check dams in high erosion watersheds like WS-5 and WS-21, and encourages groundwater recharge mechanisms for watersheds like WS-7. Moreover, this study provides essential information for planning and implementing targeted interventions such as afforestation in stable zones and structural erosion control measures in susceptible areas. These are critical in reducing erosion risks and enhancing sustainable land use planning within the Gelda watersheds. This study offers an essential outline for generating appropriate information in similar data scarcity basins and offers insights into basin dynamics and efficient management, emphasizing the necessity of targeted investments to mitigate erosion and maintain ecological balance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02525-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalysis coupled with membrane technology for persistent contaminant degradation: a critical review","authors":"Veronica Cozzolino,&nbsp;Gerardo Coppola,&nbsp;Vincenza Calabrò,&nbsp;Sudip Chakraborty,&nbsp;Sebastiano Candamano,&nbsp;Catia Algieri","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02493-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02493-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A huge amount of untreated or partially treated wastewater (come from industrial, agricultural and human activities) is released into the water bodies with dangerous impacts on aquatic life, human health and environment. Traces of organic contaminants (called persistent organic pollutants) were also found in water bodies, and they cause adverse ecological and human health effects. In addition, several of these contaminants have not been regulated by national or international legislation, hence posing a enormous risk for the entire world. The removal of these pollutants is not easy because traditional wastewater treatment systems are not designed to handle them. Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs), which coupled photocatalysis with the membrane separation process, have gained enormous interest in the purification of water and wastewater treatments. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is the most commonly photocatalyst used for the preparation of photocatalytic membrane reactors due to its low cost, high chemical stability and as high surface to volume ratio. In this review, a description on heterogeneous photocatalysis and configuration designs are deeply discussed. The disadvantages that hinder the application of this process at a large scale were also given. Afterward, the recent progress on the application on PMRs-TiO₂ based on the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants is presented in detail. The influence of various operating parameters on photocatalytic activity and membrane separation performance is also analyzed. In addition, the fouling control strategies in PMRs are also reviewed. Finally, the research gaps and the outlook for future research on PMRs were deeply discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02493-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the electro-peroxone process in water and wastewater treatment: a comprehensive review","authors":"Mohadeseh Gholamzadeh,&nbsp;Ali Naghizadeh,&nbsp;Farzaneh Gholizadeh,&nbsp;Elham Derakhshani","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02596-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02596-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electro-peroxone process, as an advanced oxidation technology, has gained increasing attention for its effectiveness in wastewater treatment and pollutant removal. This process combines electrochemical oxidation with the in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide through electrolysis, which significantly enhances the degradation of contaminants. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of research related to the electro-peroxone process during the period from 2014 to 2024. To this end, a comprehensive search was performed in reputable databases including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Key parameters examined include the type of pollutant, optimal pH, initial pollutant concentration, optimal reaction time, type of cathode and anode, flow rate, and current density, all analyzed in detail. Out of 279 screened articles, 72 met the inclusion criteria. In these studies, the removal efficiency of pollutants through the electro-peroxone process was reported to exceed 50%, with some cases achieving up to 100% removal. These results underscore the high efficacy of this process in eliminating pollutants and highlight its potential to enhance existing wastewater treatment methods. This article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working in water and wastewater treatment, paving the way for future research avenues.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02596-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water balance dynamics under climate variability and lulc changes—a catchment scale assessment","authors":"Dinagarapandi Pandi,&nbsp;Saravanan Kothandaraman,&nbsp;Mohan Kuppusamy","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02600-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02600-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to develop a catchment scale water balance model capable of simulating water balance components (WBCs), with a specific focus on data-sparse environments. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), an open-source semi-distributed hydrological model, the WBCs dynamics simulated by integrating decadal land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes, daily meteorological inputs, and time-invariant soil and topography data sets. The model simulates the spatial and temporal distribution of key WBCs, including actual evapotranspiration (AE), surface runoff, lateral flow, percolation, and soil water content (SW) at monthly and annual scale. The model framework was applied to the Chittar catchment in Tamil Nadu, India, covering a 20 years historical period (January 2001–December 2020) and a 30 years forecast period (January 2021–December 2050). The model was calibrated and validated with river gauge discharge data using the SWAT-Calibration Uncertainty Procedures (SWAT-CUP) database. The R-square values were 0.87 for calibration and 0.93 for validation. To complement the single-variable calibration (i.e. river gauge discharge at the outlet) and assess model consistency, monthly simulated AE across three representative sub-catchments was cross-validated against gridded AE estimates using Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) v3.6a. This validation yielded R-square values ranging from 0.78 to 0.82 across the sub-catchments. This dual validation strategy enhanced model robustness by ensuring spatial consistency in flow and ET dynamics, addressing equifinality concerns inherent in data-sparse environments. The LULC dynamics were incorporated using decadal historical maps (2000, 2010, 2020) derived from Landsat satellite imagery, while future scenarios (2030, 2040, 2050) were projected using the Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model. Daily meteorological data for the historical were obtained from the Cheranmadevi observatory. The future daily data were reconstructed using Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici—Climate Model (CMCC-CM) project data based on the Representative Common Pathways version 8.5 (RCP 8.5) emission scenario from 2022 to 2050 after removing bias using observatory data. The WBCs were simulated by forcing historical and future LULC and meteorological conditions at monthly and annual scale. Meteorological extremes recurred every 10–15 years across the catchment. During December 2005 and November 2030, over 60% of monthly rainfall was converted to surface runoff, reflecting heightened flood risks. The AE exhibited strong seasonal variability and a 3–4 years cyclic pattern, with projections suggesting marginally increased contributions in future periods due to warming and LULC changes. Approximately 70% of annual rainfall partitioned into runoff and AE, indicating chronic water losses that amplify drought and flood vulnerabilities. Rainfall patterns showed a rapid response in surface runoff, p","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02600-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm formation at a household drinking water multistage filtration system","authors":"Luis-Javier Montoya,&nbsp;Verónica Valencia-Gallego,&nbsp;Diana Rodríguez,&nbsp;Margarita Hincapié,&nbsp;Liliana Botero,&nbsp;Laila Galeano,&nbsp;Gloria Carvajal","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02563-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02563-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The drinking water supply in rural communities needs efficient, appropriate, low-cost, and adaptable technologies to local conditions. This research investigates a household prefiltration system composed of a dynamic gravel filter, a rapid sand filter, and a slow sand filter. This study evaluates the under varying turbidity, organic carbon, and microbial contamination conditions. Kaolin and humic acids were used to simulate natural turbidity and organic matter, while <i>E. coli</i> served as an indicator of microbiological contamination. Analytical methods included turbidity measurement via turbidimeters, total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, and membrane filtration for <i>E. coli</i> quantification. The system was operated to treat between 20 L of water in batch tests and 250 L/day in continuous operation tests. The system was tested over 73 days under continuous operation, with results demonstrating progressive improvements in turbidity and <i>E. coli</i> removal, reaching turbidity removal of 78% and <i>E. coli</i> reduction of 0.9–0.3 log. Additionally, microbial community analysis in biofilms revealed diverse bacterial and protozoan populations contributing to filter maturation. Despite effective turbidity and microbial reduction, additional disinfection steps may be necessary to ensure complete microbiological safety. Overall, the study supports the viability of multistage filtration as a sustainable household water treatment alternative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02563-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}