Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Continuous two-stage anaerobic digestion of potato processing wastewater enhanced by graphite rods coated with nano-nickel ferrite toward a zero-waste approach for biohydrogen and biomethane production","authors":"Esraa Ahmed Bahgat,Mohamed E. Abuarab,Mohamed M. Ibrahim,Mohamed El-Qelish,Fayza Aly Nasr,Abdelrhman M. Shana","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02978-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-026-02978-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Potato processing wastewater (PPW) is known for its high organic load and suspended solids, which pose considerable environmental and operational challenges for the food industry. This research presents an integrated, near zero-waste treatment strategy that not only enhances wastewater quality but also facilitates the recovery of renewable energy. A continuous two-stage anaerobic digestion system was employed for the sequential production of Biohydrogen and Biomethane, utilizing graphite rods coated with Nano-nickel ferrite as conductive catalytic media to boost microbial activity and electron transfer. The initial stage was optimized for Biohydrogen production under mesophilic conditions with controlled pH, while the subsequent stage transformed the effluents from the hydrogen stage into Biomethane. The treated effluents underwent further polishing through reverse osmosis (RO) and UV disinfection to allow for water reuse. The incorporation of Nano-nickel ferrite–coated graphite markedly improved system performance in comparison to control reactors. The yield of Biohydrogen rose from 148 to 273 mL H₂ g⁻¹ VS, with peak daily production nearing 3000 mL. Similarly, the Biomethane yield increased from 143 to 274 mL CH₄ g⁻¹ VS, reflecting the effective conversion of volatile fatty acids during the second stage. The integrated system achieved high removal efficiencies for total and soluble chemical oxygen demand, total solids, volatile solids, and nitrogen compounds, showcasing effective stabilization of organic matter. An energy recovery analysis indicated a significant enhancement in net energy output attributable to the combined production of hydrogen and methane. After RO treatment, the final effluent satisfied quality standards for reuse in potato processing activities. In summary, the findings illustrate that the integration of Nano-enabled conductive materials with two-stage anaerobic digestion and membrane filtration constitutes an effective and sustainable approach for the treatment of PPW. This methodology aligns with circular economy principles by merging wastewater reclamation, renewable energy recovery, and resource recovery.","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting water demands under various socioeconomic scenarios in the upper Jhelum basin, Indus using WEAP model","authors":"Ain us Saba Qazi,Shakil Ahmad Romshoo","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02969-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-026-02969-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseflow separation combined with stratified sampling serving the accurate estimation of pollutant loads—the example of a small catchment with high anthropogenic pressures","authors":"Tímea Lajkó,Adrienne Clement,Máté Krisztián Kardos","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02986-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-026-02986-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents a modified baseflow separation framework for stratified pollutant load estimation in managed catchments subject to substantial point-source wastewater discharge, applied to the Koppány stream (Hungary), a system characterized by intensive agricultural and wastewater-derived pollution. Three established baseflow separation methods were evaluated, namely the Lyne–Hollick, Eckhardt, and Rimmer–Hartmann approaches. Where the standard Rimmer–Hartmann method yielded physically unrealistic results, a modified three-component formulation was developed by incorporating wastewater as an explicit end-member in the electrical conductivity (EC)-based mixing equation. The modified method produced baseflow-index (BFI) values of 0.80 at Törökkoppány and 0.83 at Tamási, consistent with the Eckhardt filter result of 0.80 at both stations. Event classification thresholds of 0.77 and 0.82 were selected through a sensitivity analysis across nine candidate values per station, yielding non-event volume fractions of 75% and 76%, respectively—in close agreement with the long-term regional BFI of 0.72–0.75 reported for the catchment. Annual loads of metals, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances were partitioned between event and non-event conditions using a stratified sampling design combining weekly grab samples, event-based automatic sampling, and continuous monitoring of discharge and EC. Load estimates carry inherent uncertainty arising from the binary classification of event and non-event periods and from the assumption of constant wastewater EC and discharge during calibration. The modified framework offers a practical and transferable tool for catchments where point-source discharges substantially alter the natural flow regime.","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"1322 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of groundwater aquifer potential zones in metamorphic basement terrains through the application of combined geospatial and electrical resistivity methods: insights from Lobo district, central Cameroon","authors":"Prisca Falone Toukam,Serge Parfait Koah Na Lebogo,Yem Mbida,Willy Stephane Segue,Joseph Quentin Yene Atangana","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02982-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-026-02982-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach for testing water safety using deep learning inference of microscopic images of unincubated water samples","authors":"Sanjay Srinivasan","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02974-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-026-02974-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fecal-contaminated water causes diseases and even death. Current microbial water safety tests require pathogen incubation, taking 24–72 h and costing $20-$50 per test. This paper presents a solution (DeepScope) that classifies microscopic images of unincubated water samples by a composite water-safety determination, meeting UNICEF’s ideal Target Product Profile numerical performance thresholds for presence/absence testing, with an estimated per-test cost of $0.44. By eliminating the need for pathogen incubation, DeepScope reduces testing time by over 98%. In DeepScope, a dataset of microscope images of bacteria and water samples was assembled from the public DIBaS bacterial image collection and water samples from multiple source types, with labels cross-validated using color-change coliform tests. A novel tile-swap augmentation technique was developed to expand dataset diversity and mitigate overfitting, swapping random tile pairs to preserve bacterial morphology while producing a large space of augmented images. Four convolutional neural network models (ResNet-18 and ResNet-50 backbones, with and without dropout regularization) were developed using transfer learning, then evaluated on a field-test dataset comprising 100,000 microscope images of unseen, real-world water samples collected from fourteen different water sources across Sammamish, WA. On the 160 original microscope acquisitions underlying this dataset, the DeepScope model (ResNet-50 with dropout) achieved 96.88% accuracy, 98.61% recall, and 94.67% precision, corresponding to a 1.39% false-negative rate and a 4.55% false-positive rate. A larger field test was then carried out on the 100,000 augmented images derived from these acquisitions, with the operating threshold set to fix precision at 90%. Under these conditions the model achieved recall of 94.48% ±0.11%, accuracy of 92.79% ±0.08%, and F1 of 92.19% ±0.09%—a 5.52% false-negative rate, well below UNICEF’s 10% ceiling and competitive with membrane filtration and color-change coliform tests without requiring pathogen incubation. The DeepScope model was tested in a web server environment using mobile applications for Android and iOS. The testing validated Internet-based or smartphone-based water safety testing, with results obtained in seconds.","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a MOORA multi-criteria decision-making framework to reduce chloride concentrations in urban aquifers using MT3DMS groundwater transport modelling","authors":"Iraj Saeedpanah,Farshid Alizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02980-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-026-02980-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From powder to bead: structure and phosphate capture in magnetic chitosan composites prepared via distinct synthetic pathways","authors":"Erik Estefan,&nbsp;Shih-Nan Hsiao,&nbsp;Kenji Ishikawa,&nbsp;Masaru Hori,&nbsp;Wen-Hui Kuan","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02987-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-026-02987-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing macroscopic, magnetically recoverable adsorbents can improve post-treatment handling, but changes in synthesis route and material form may also alter adsorption behavior. Here, magnetic chitosan powders (MCPs) prepared through a solvothermal route and magnetic chitosan beads (MCBs) formed by alkaline co-precipitation/gelation were compared in terms of structure, phosphate uptake, stability, and magnetic separation. Microscopy, N₂-BET, XPS, FTIR, magnetic measurements, and batch adsorption tests revealed distinct Fe–chitosan organizations associated with the different synthesis routes. Compared with the MCPs, the MCBs exhibited larger relative N 1s fitted contributions assigned to –NH₂–Fe coordination (41.39–50.61%). Although their dry-state N₂-BET surface areas were lower, the MCBs showed greater apparent titratable proton uptake under acidic aqueous conditions and higher phosphate adsorption capacities. Linearized Langmuir fitting yielded model-derived adsorption capacity of 62.11–65.35 mg g⁻¹ for the MCPs and 78.74–96.15 mg g⁻¹ for the MCBs. Phosphate uptake was better described by the pseudo-second-order model and involved both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. The combined pH-dependent adsorption, surface charge, FTIR, and XPS results suggest contributions from electrostatic attraction, Fe–phosphate ligand exchange, and hydrogen bonding. During two consecutive adsorption-drying cycles, dissolved Fe remained at or below 0.006 mg L^− 1, and the beads retained their visible form despite pH-dependent swelling. In municipal secondary effluent, the composites achieved phosphate removal ratios of 71–97% and were readily recovered magnetically. Overall, the MCBs combined higher phosphate adsorption capacities with a macroscopic form and convenient magnetic separation under the investigated conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"16 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-026-02987-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on photocatalytic activities of metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) for wastewater: dye degradation","authors":"Luqman Akeem Solihu,Samson Ibukun Akinsola,Aderemi Babatunde Alabi,Gbenga Micheal Olubiyo","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02957-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-026-02957-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated water quality assessment of heterogeneous animal ponds under contrasting hydraulic and operational regimes","authors":"Cinthia Padilla,Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda,Gaetan Blandin,Joan Ferrer-Vaquer,Paola Sepúlveda-Ruiz,Mariángeles Huzman,Antonina Torrens","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02973-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-026-02973-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial community assembly and co-occurrence relationships in the shallow groundwater of intensive vegetable cultivation and rural areas in the Huaibei Plain, China","authors":"Songbao Feng,&nbsp;Yaqi Jiang,&nbsp;Hao Yu","doi":"10.1007/s13201-026-02975-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-026-02975-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microbial communities are crucial contributors to the cycling of elements within groundwater systems. However, limited research has been conducted on the composition and assembly mechanisms of microbial communities in groundwater within the intensively cultivated vegetable areas (IVCs) of the Huaibei Plain, as well as the relationships between microbial communities and hydrogeochemical parameters. Therefore, in this study, the structure and assembly process of prokaryotic microorganisms in the groundwater of IVCs and rural areas (RAs) in the Huaibei Plain of China were investigated, and the factors influencing the microbiota structure, function, and assembly process in IVC and RA groundwater were assessed based on hydrogeochemistry, co-occurrence network analysis, and null modeling analysis. The main findings indicate that groundwater from IVCs significantly increase NO₃-N concentrations, compareed with RA groundwater. Despite considerable similarity in groundwater microbial community composition between the IVCs and RA regions, significant differences were identified in a subset of microbial taxa across phylogenetic levels from phylum to genus. However, the groundwater in the IVC had a higher abundance of microorganisms related to nitrification at the genus level. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that the microbial communities in the RA groundwater exhibited more the percentage of positively correlated edges, and the key species in the microbial communities of IVC groundwater were related to nitrogen and sulfur cycling. The null model analysis results indicated that dispersal limitation in stochastic processes dominated the assembly of groundwater microbial communities in the IVCs and RAs. Multivariate statistical analysis identified that pH is the key environmental factor controlling the groundwater microbial community composition and assembly process in IVCs. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the influence of IVCs on groundwater physicochemical properties and microbial community assembly mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-026-02975-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149089749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}