Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Identifying homogeneous hydrological zones for flood prediction using multivariable statistical methods and machine learning","authors":"Sahar Safari,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Sadeghian,&nbsp;Hooman Hajikandi,&nbsp;S. Sajad Mehdizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02316-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02316-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One method for estimating floods in areas lacking statistical data is the use of regional frequency analysis based on machine learning. In this study, statistical and clustering-based approaches were evaluated for flood estimation in the Karkheh watershed. The hydrological homogeneity of the obtained zones was then assessed using linear moments and heterogeneity adjustment methods proposed by Hosking and Wallis. Then, the ZDIST statistic was used to calculate the three-parameter distributions for stations within each hydrologically homogeneous cluster. These parameters were computed using linear moments, and floods with different return periods at each station were estimated using regional relationships. The results indicated the creation of two clusters in this area, with five stations in cluster one and 11 stations in cluster two. The statistical homogeneity values for clusters one and two were calculated as 0.33 and 0.17, respectively, indicating the homogeneity of each region. Generalized Pearson type III and generalized extreme value distributions were selected as the best regional distributions for clusters 1 and 2, respectively. The results also showed that floods could be estimated for return periods of 2, 5, 25 years, and more. The highest estimated flood is predicted at the Jelugir-e Majin station, where the flood with a 2-year return period reaches 1034 m³ s⁻¹. This increases to 5360 m³ s⁻¹ for a 100-year return period. The approach presented in this study is recommended for similar regions lacking complete information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02316-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling stormwater at the source: dawn of a new era in integrated water resources management","authors":"Tebogo Vivian Siphambe,&nbsp;Bayongwa Samuel Ahana,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Aliyu,&nbsp;Amans Tiwangye,&nbsp;Hermann Fomena-Tchinda,&nbsp;Coretta Tchouandem-Nzali,&nbsp;Tulinave Burton Mwamila,&nbsp;Esther Laurentine Nya,&nbsp;Chérifa Abdelbaki,&nbsp;Willis Gwenzi,&nbsp;Chicgoua Noubactep","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02324-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02324-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Published results on rainwater management systems revealed a lack of holistic science-based design principles. A new approach to rainwater management is proposed. Its necessity and feasibility are discussed. It is demonstrated that quantitatively harvesting rainfall and infiltrating a fraction should be mandatory. Thus, the primary site-specific parameter is the intensity of rainfall. Clearly, rainwater should be harvested and used everywhere as a valuable resource. Under arid semi-arid conditions large tanks maximize water storage for the long dry season while under humid conditions the same helps to minimize the frequency of emptying to avoid flooding. The new approach separates rainwater (and stormwater) from sewage and has the potential to maintain the natural hydrological cycle in urban areas despite urbanization. In already crowded slums, rainwater harvesting (RWH) can also be used to restore the hydrological cycle. The new approach advocates for decentralized RWH infrastructures to harvest, infiltrate, and store rainwater in individual residences, while piping overflows to semi-centralized cluster-scale tanks. Rooting integrated water resource management on RWH appears to be the missing puzzle in: (i) restoring the natural hydrological cycle where it has been disturbed (landscape restoration), (ii) avoiding flooding, and (i) mitigating soil erosion. This is essential for sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02324-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An innovative approach for quality assessment and its contamination on surface water for drinking purpose in Mahanadi River Basin, Odisha of India, with the integration of BA-WQI, AHP-TOPSIS, FL-DWQI, MOORA, and RF methodology","authors":"Abhijeet Das","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02326-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02326-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Water is essential for life, as it supports bodily functions, nourishes crops, and maintains ecosystems. Drinking water is crucial for maintaining good health and can also contribute to economic development by reducing health-care costs and improving productivity. The present study evaluated the surface water quality of Mahanadi River (Odisha, India). Hence, to evaluate the hydro-chemical processes, sources of contamination, and water quality, a methodical examination was conducted using an integrated approach, namely Bayesian Approximation (BA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-Technique of Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Fuzzy Logic (FL), Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA), and Random Forest (RF) method. For this, water samples from 16 locations were taken for a period of 2018–2024, to test 21 physicochemical parameters in the selected sampling sites. From the assessment of parameters, with respect to WHO standards, pH indicates alkaline, TKN, and TC in all samples surpassed the prescribed drinking water limit. However, major ion and hardness spatial interpolation maps typically show that the quality of the water declines from upstream to downstream, with extreme values found in the downstream. The index for BA-WQI value revealed that 50% of samples belong to unsatisfactory water quality. This was also accompanied by several parameter’s high values, namely TDS, NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, Cl&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;, and SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;, which were also highest among all the locations. Again, it is noticed that 12.50% of sites come under the zone of excellent water. However, 37.50% of samples indicated a good water class. As a result, a renowned MCDM model, such as AHP-TOPSIS, was presented, which makes use of rough set theory and Bayesian weights to provide a trustworthy and objective assessment of the total pollution levels at each sample site. Hence, this innovative technique depicted that W-(9) was the most polluted region if compared to other places, followed by W-(8), (16), (2), and (7), respectively. Based on FL-DWQI values, 12.5% of monitored specimens point towards excellent category, and rest 18.75% indicated as good quality. The remaining samples, or 68.75%, consist of ‘poor, very poor, and unsuitable qualities'. However, it was relevant that the degree of pollution at these stations was more closely linked to a variety of expanding human activities, such as excessive water use, fertilizer effects, agricultural runoff, and industrial activity in and around the river corridor. Additionally, MOORA has been conducted and performance scores were extracted. These four polluted sites such as W-(9), (8), (16), and (4), which contain higher performance scores, were 0.89, 0.093, 0.06, and 0.04. The major four places containing variables that exceeded the WHO limits, which account for TKN, coliform, and EC properties, were named accordingly. It was discovered that the main","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02326-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of wheat water footprint using AquaCrop model under the climate change, case study in Qazvin plain","authors":"Mojgan Ahmadi,&nbsp;Hadi Ramezani Etedali,&nbsp;Ali Salem,&nbsp;Mustafa Al-Mukhtar,&nbsp;Ahmed Elbeltagi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02305-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02305-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simulating crop water consumption has been introduced as a valuable decision tool in food security. Such a tool is typically used to support a better understanding of how to increase water-use efficiency to satisfy optimal water management and sustainability. However, climate change is one of the most important and influential factors that restrain sustainable development, agriculture, and food security. Wheat is one of the most important and strategic products in the world and Iran. Therefore, in this study, the impacts of future climate changes on winter wheat yield, water requirement (WR), evapotranspiration (ET), and water footprint (WF) were evaluated in Qazvin Plain, Iran. As such, the outputs from five general circulation models (EC-EARTH, GFDL-CM3, MPI-ESM-MR, MIROC5, and HADGEM2-ES) were fed into the LARS-WG model to get finer spatial climate data for four future periods (P1:2021–2040, P2:2041–2060, P3:2061–2080, P4:2081–2100) considering three emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Thereafter, the projected climate change data were used in the FAO AquaCrop model to simulate the variability of wheat characteristics. The results proved the superiority of LARS-WG to model the maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation (P) of the baseline scenario (1986–2015). Moreover, results revealed that the wheat WF will decrease in future periods. The modeling results showed that the average wheat yield and biomass will increase in future periods by 7.67 and 15.98 tons/ha, respectively, as compared to the baseline. The highest increase was recorded by the HadGEM2-ES model with RCP8.5 during 2081–2100. The average WR in the baseline was 127.14 mm, which was projected to decrease in future periods. The results show that ET will potentially increase in the period 2021–2040. As a consequence, the adapted methodology produced significantly superior outcomes and can aid in decision-making for both water managers and development planners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02305-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption challenges of environmental monitoring practices: case study of temperature data loggers in selected Australian vegetable supply chains","authors":"Moudassir Habib,&nbsp;Ben Lyons,&nbsp;Chad Renando","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02300-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02300-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature monitoring across cold chain practices is an integral component of fresh produce supply chains. Numerous temperature data loggers (TDLs) are available to reduce the significant amount of food loss and waste (FLW) (equivalent to around 50%) in vegetable supply chains; however, its widespread adoption remains a challenge for the actors along the chain. This study seeks to understand the adoption of TDLs within selected Australian vegetable supply chains to address the challenge of FLW. Three representative cases of vegetable supply chains were purposively selected, including growers, packers, transporters, distribution centres along with technology providers, and industry experts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed utilising thematic analysis. The findings indicate that members of vegetable supply chains recognise temperature management as one of the key factors for preserving quality and extending shelf life of their produce; however, they are not proactively seeking to utilise TDLs in their supply chain operations. Resistance to adoption of TDLs is deeply rooted in product-based challenges such as cost and compatibility, and process-based challenges including information sharing and product mixing. Additionally, presence of an individual’s undesirable behavioural aspects such as status-quo bias and responsibility shirking as well as prevailing social norms within the industry influence the adoption of TDLs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02300-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical study on 2D groundwater flow in a sloping unconfined aquifer under spatiotemporal recharge","authors":"Ming-Chang Wu,&nbsp;Ping-Cheng Hsieh","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02319-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02319-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a two-dimensional (2D) model for simulating groundwater level variations in sloping aquifers, where rainfall is the primary recharge source. The model uses Heaviside functions to represent spatiotemporal surface recharges and is based on the 2D linearized Boussinesq equation. Analytical solutions were derived using an integral transformation method, allowing for analysis of aquifer characteristics, such as anisotropy, slope, and hydraulic conductivity. In contrast to studies that assume total rainfall becomes recharge, this model employs Horton’s infiltration equation for more accurate estimates, showing strong alignment with field data. The results highlight the significant impact of anisotropy on groundwater flow, particularly when the hydraulic conductivity ratio <span>({K}_{x}/{K}_{y})</span> exceeds 10, leading to predominantly <span>(X)</span>-direction flow, with the flow rate increasing by 1.3 times compared to the scenario where <span>({K}_{x}/{K}_{y}=1)</span> under slope angles <span>({theta }_{x}={theta }_{y}=5^circ)</span>. This model also aids in predicting groundwater behavior in small watersheds without field data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02319-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ZnO/NiO/kaolin nanocomposite as a sorbent/photocatalyst in hybrid water remediation process","authors":"Sarah A. Farag,&nbsp;M. Farouk,&nbsp;Nabila Shehata","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02282-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02282-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The colored effluents causing environmental pollution pose a threat to the world. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of nickel oxide/zinc oxide/kaolin nanocomposite (NiO/ZnO/Ka) in removing methylene blue (MB) from water. Furthermore, it aims to examine the impact of synergetic adsorption/photocatalytic degradation (APCD) on the MB adsorption capacity as well as the suitability of the nonlinear adsorption isotherm and kinetic modeling in analyzing the process. The composites ZnO/Ka and NiO/ZnO/Ka were synthesized by the sol–gel method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The impacts of various parameters, such as pH, initial concentration of MB, dose, ionic strength, and temperature, on MB removal were studied using adsorption and APCD. The results showed that ZnO/Ka had the maximum adsorption capacity of MB (39.31 mg/g) and the maximum removal (78.61%) under optimal conditions of pH 10, clay dosage of 0.1 g/25 mL, initial concentration of MB 200 mg/L, contact time of 15 min, and 298 K, while NiO/ZnO/Ka showed the maximum adsorption capacity of MB (40.88 mg/g) and maximum removal (83.74%) at pH 7. It was also noticed that Temkin and Fritz–Schlunder models are the best isotherm models, with the highest R² (1 and 0.842) for ZnO/Ka and NiO/ZnO/Ka, respectively. Moreover, the data of adsorption and photodegradation of MB onto ZnO/Ka and NiO/ZnO/Ka were revealed to follow pseudo-first-order and Avrami kinetic models with R² (0.897) for ZnO/Ka and (0.986) for NiO/ZnO/Ka. Overall, NiO/ZnO/Ka showed better removal of MB than ZnO/Ka, and the hybrid process (photodegradation process after adsorption) enhanced the overall efficiency of MB removal than adsorption alone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02282-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water desalination using atmospheric pressure plasma combined with thermal treatment","authors":"F. M. El-Hossary,&nbsp;Ayman A. Saber,&nbsp;Mohammed H. Fawey","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02321-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02321-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, a novel method is presented for enhancing the thermal desalination process of saline water and seawater using atmospheric pressure plasma (APP). The effect of APP treatment combined with thermal heating (APP-TH) on the energy consumption, conductivity, and pH of seawater and saline water is investigated. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, the evolution of the morphology, structure, and chemical composition of precipitated crystals is characterized. The APP-TH method reduces the energy consumption for desalination by 40.5% for saline water and by 52.82% for seawater when compared to the TH-only method. The pH value remains approximately unchanged, decreasing slightly for the saline water from 7.1 for untreated saline water to 7.05 after APP-TH treatment. However, after APP-TH treatment, the pH value of the seawater increased slightly, from 7 to 7.8. The total dissolved salts decreased after APP-TH treatment, lowering the conductivity of the saline water from 65,000 µS/cm to 160 µS/cm and the conductivity of the seawater from 58,200 µS/cm to 243 µS/cm. Moreover, the size of precipitated crystals from saline water is 31.47 nm after APP-TH treatment, compared to 55.59 nm after TH-only treatment. They also dropped from 41 nm to 39.5 nm for seawater. Compared with traditional approaches, this research proposes an optimistic solution to address global potable water scarcity issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02321-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced reference crop evapotranspiration prediction: a novel framework combining neural nets, bee optimization algorithm, and mode decomposition","authors":"Ahmed Elbeltagi,&nbsp;Okan Mert Katipoğlu,&nbsp;Veysi Kartal,&nbsp;Ali Danandeh Mehr,&nbsp;Sabri Berhail,&nbsp;Elsayed Ahmed Elsadek","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02308-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02308-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various critical applications, spanning from watershed management to agricultural planning and ecological sustainability, hinge upon the accurate prediction of reference evapotranspiration (ET_o). In this context, our study aimed to enhance the accuracy of ET_o prediction models by combining a variety of signal decomposition techniques with an Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)–artificial neural network (ANN) (codename: ABC–ANN). To this end, historical (1979–2014) daily climate variables, including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation, and precipitation from four arid and semi-arid regions in Egypt: Al-Qalyubiyah, Cairo, Damietta, and Port Said, were used. Six techniques, namely, Empirical Mode Decomposition, Variational Mode Decomposition, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, Local Mean Decomposition, Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise, and Empirical Wavelet Transform were used to evaluate signal decomposition efficiency in ET_o prediction. Our results showed that the highest ET_o prediction accuracy was obtained with ABC-ANN (Train <i>R</i>²: 0.990 and Test <i>R</i>²: 0.989), (Train <i>R</i>²: 0.986 and Test <i>R</i>²: 0.986), (Train <i>R</i>²: 0.991 and Test <i>R</i>²: 0.989) and (Train <i>R</i>²: 0.988 and Test <i>R</i>²: 0.987) for Al-Qalyubiyah, Cairo, Damietta, and Port Said, respectively. The impressive results of our hybrid model attest to its importance as a powerful tool for tackling the problems associated with ET_o prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02308-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the kinetic energy budget and moisture transport during a severe case of cyclogenesis","authors":"Abdulhaleem H. Labban","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02313-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02313-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aimed to investigate the kinetic energy budget and moisture transport of a case of cyclogenesis that causes intense rains over north and middle parts of Saudi Arabia on November 23–25, 2022. The study of kinetic energy (KE) and its budget concludes that the majority of the KE was concentrated at 400 hPa and above, coinciding with the powerful activity of the subtropical jet stream during the period of cyclogenesis. The KE generation through cross-contour flow serves as a major energy source. During the cyclogenesis process, KE dissipation from grid to subgrid scales is a major energy sink, while the horizontal flux divergence of KE acts as a source of KE. The study of moisture transport through the attributes of moisture-flux components and the dispersion of perceptible water during the cyclogenesis reveals that within the lower tropospheric layer, the rotating component of moisture flux brings moisture from two primary regions: One zone spans the Arabian Sea and includes the south Red Sea, north of Ethiopia, and central Sudan; the other region covers the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. The primary moisture source in the middle layer is located over central Africa, with origins traced back to the Atlantic Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02313-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}