Applied Water Science最新文献_第3页

Water desalination using atmospheric pressure plasma combined with thermal treatment 利用常压等离子体结合热处理进行海水淡化

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02321-0

F. M. El-Hossary, Ayman A. Saber, Mohammed H. Fawey

{"title":"Water desalination using atmospheric pressure plasma combined with thermal treatment","authors":"F. M. El-Hossary, Ayman A. Saber, Mohammed H. Fawey","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02321-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02321-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, a novel method is presented for enhancing the thermal desalination process of saline water and seawater using atmospheric pressure plasma (APP). The effect of APP treatment combined with thermal heating (APP-TH) on the energy consumption, conductivity, and pH of seawater and saline water is investigated. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, the evolution of the morphology, structure, and chemical composition of precipitated crystals is characterized. The APP-TH method reduces the energy consumption for desalination by 40.5% for saline water and by 52.82% for seawater when compared to the TH-only method. The pH value remains approximately unchanged, decreasing slightly for the saline water from 7.1 for untreated saline water to 7.05 after APP-TH treatment. However, after APP-TH treatment, the pH value of the seawater increased slightly, from 7 to 7.8. The total dissolved salts decreased after APP-TH treatment, lowering the conductivity of the saline water from 65,000 µS/cm to 160 µS/cm and the conductivity of the seawater from 58,200 µS/cm to 243 µS/cm. Moreover, the size of precipitated crystals from saline water is 31.47 nm after APP-TH treatment, compared to 55.59 nm after TH-only treatment. They also dropped from 41 nm to 39.5 nm for seawater. Compared with traditional approaches, this research proposes an optimistic solution to address global potable water scarcity issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02321-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advanced reference crop evapotranspiration prediction: a novel framework combining neural nets, bee optimization algorithm, and mode decomposition 先进的参考作物蒸散量预测：结合神经网络、蜜蜂优化算法和模式分解的新型框架

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02308-x

Ahmed Elbeltagi, Okan Mert Katipoğlu, Veysi Kartal, Ali Danandeh Mehr, Sabri Berhail, Elsayed Ahmed Elsadek

{"title":"Advanced reference crop evapotranspiration prediction: a novel framework combining neural nets, bee optimization algorithm, and mode decomposition","authors":"Ahmed Elbeltagi, Okan Mert Katipoğlu, Veysi Kartal, Ali Danandeh Mehr, Sabri Berhail, Elsayed Ahmed Elsadek","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02308-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02308-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various critical applications, spanning from watershed management to agricultural planning and ecological sustainability, hinge upon the accurate prediction of reference evapotranspiration (ET<sub>o</sub>). In this context, our study aimed to enhance the accuracy of ET<sub>o</sub> prediction models by combining a variety of signal decomposition techniques with an Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)–artificial neural network (ANN) (codename: ABC–ANN). To this end, historical (1979–2014) daily climate variables, including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiation, and precipitation from four arid and semi-arid regions in Egypt: Al-Qalyubiyah, Cairo, Damietta, and Port Said, were used. Six techniques, namely, Empirical Mode Decomposition, Variational Mode Decomposition, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, Local Mean Decomposition, Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise, and Empirical Wavelet Transform were used to evaluate signal decomposition efficiency in ET<sub>o</sub> prediction. Our results showed that the highest ET<sub>o</sub> prediction accuracy was obtained with ABC-ANN (Train <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>: 0.990 and Test <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>: 0.989), (Train <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>: 0.986 and Test <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>: 0.986), (Train <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>: 0.991 and Test <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>: 0.989) and (Train <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>: 0.988 and Test <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>: 0.987) for Al-Qalyubiyah, Cairo, Damietta, and Port Said, respectively. The impressive results of our hybrid model attest to its importance as a powerful tool for tackling the problems associated with ET<sub>o</sub> prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02308-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studying the kinetic energy budget and moisture transport during a severe case of cyclogenesis 研究严重气旋生成过程中的动能预算和水汽输送

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02313-0

Abdulhaleem H. Labban

{"title":"Studying the kinetic energy budget and moisture transport during a severe case of cyclogenesis","authors":"Abdulhaleem H. Labban","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02313-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02313-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aimed to investigate the kinetic energy budget and moisture transport of a case of cyclogenesis that causes intense rains over north and middle parts of Saudi Arabia on November 23–25, 2022. The study of kinetic energy (KE) and its budget concludes that the majority of the KE was concentrated at 400 hPa and above, coinciding with the powerful activity of the subtropical jet stream during the period of cyclogenesis. The KE generation through cross-contour flow serves as a major energy source. During the cyclogenesis process, KE dissipation from grid to subgrid scales is a major energy sink, while the horizontal flux divergence of KE acts as a source of KE. The study of moisture transport through the attributes of moisture-flux components and the dispersion of perceptible water during the cyclogenesis reveals that within the lower tropospheric layer, the rotating component of moisture flux brings moisture from two primary regions: One zone spans the Arabian Sea and includes the south Red Sea, north of Ethiopia, and central Sudan; the other region covers the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. The primary moisture source in the middle layer is located over central Africa, with origins traced back to the Atlantic Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02313-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovative management strategies for groundwater logging in Aswan city and maximization of its benefits using modeling techniques 阿斯旺市地下水采伐创新管理策略及利用建模技术实现效益最大化

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02306-z

Hickmat Hossen, Ahmed S. Nour-Eldeen, Ismail Abd-Elaty, Ali M. Hamdan, Abdelazim Negm, Mohamed Elsahabi

{"title":"Innovative management strategies for groundwater logging in Aswan city and maximization of its benefits using modeling techniques","authors":"Hickmat Hossen, Ahmed S. Nour-Eldeen, Ismail Abd-Elaty, Ali M. Hamdan, Abdelazim Negm, Mohamed Elsahabi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02306-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02306-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater levels vary from region to another and sometimes in different zones in the same country due to different boundary conditions and extraction rates. Therefore, understanding intricate aquifer systems and predicting how they will react to hydrological changes require the use of groundwater models. In Egypt, the groundwater levels in the Nile Delta aquifer decrease causing problems to the delta ecosystem while it is rising in Aswan area due to the presence of Nasser Lake causing several damages to the city’s buildings and infrastructures. In order to maximize its benefits and lessen the harm brought on by inadequate groundwater management in the city of Aswan, the height of the groundwater level in that city was examined, appraised, and groundwater management scenarios were established in this study. To achieve the objectives of the study, a simulation of Aswan aquifer’s groundwater system is built based on a quasi-three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model using MODFLOW. The model was calibrated and verified. Four management scenarios are tested. The fifth scenario, in this scenario, the four scenarios combined together at the same time and with the same conditions and ratios were proposed to be implemented. The results of the proposal to implement the four scenarios together showed that the rates of decline in groundwater levels in the last stage will be 12.44%. The study results reveal that a better understanding of the simulated long-term average spatial distribution of water balance components is useful for managing and planning the available water resources in the Aswan aquifer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02306-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of paper-based microfluidic analytical device (μPAD) for the determination of paracetamol in water samples: Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) 开发纸基微流体分析装置（μPAD），用于测定水样中的扑热息痛：利用响应曲面法（RSM）进行优化

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02307-y

Nejat Mohammednur, Ahmed Hussen, Feleke Zewge

{"title":"Development of paper-based microfluidic analytical device (μPAD) for the determination of paracetamol in water samples: Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)","authors":"Nejat Mohammednur, Ahmed Hussen, Feleke Zewge","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02307-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02307-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detecting and quantifying pharmaceutical compounds in various environmental matrices is complex and challenging. This difficulty stems from the trace levels at which these compounds are found and the lack of analytical methods that are rapid, cost-effective, and portable. To address these challenges, this study aimed to develop microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μ-PADs) using beeswax screen printing for fabrication. Key parameters, including reaction time, concentration, reagent volume, and channel length, were optimized using response surface methodology. Under optimal conditions of 5 ppm sample concentration, 10 μL reagent volume, 10 min reaction time, and 2 cm channel length, the analytical performance of the μPAD was evaluated and compared with the standard UV–Vis spectrophotometry method. The microfluidic analytical device demonstrated detection limits at 0.03 μg/ml, compared to 0.01 μg/ml for the UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Although the sensitivity of µ-PADs in this study (0.03 μg/ml) is lower than that of UV–Vis (0.01 μg/ml), it represents an improvement over the previous µ-PAD report (1 μg/ml) on the same analytes. Both methods exhibited commendable precision, with a relative standard deviation below 2%. Additionally, recovery rates were acceptable and comparable, ranging from 86.8 to 99.6% for µ-PADs and 96.5–99% for UV–Vis. The analytical performance evaluation suggests that µPADs provide excellent sensitivity, precision, and accuracy for trace-level paracetamol analysis. A paired t-test further confirmed no statistically significant difference between the two methods, underscoring the promising potential of µ-PADs for trace-level paracetamol quantification in water samples without conventional analytical instruments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02307-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the level of heavy metals contamination via sediments quality indices of the Koudiet Medouar Dam and its tributary (Batna, Algeria) 通过 Koudiet Medouar 大坝及其支流（阿尔及利亚巴特纳）的沉积物质量指标评估重金属污染水平

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02318-9

Imane Smatti-Hamza, Dounia Keddari, Smail Mehennaoui, Fatima-Zohra Afri-Mehennaoui

{"title":"Assessment of the level of heavy metals contamination via sediments quality indices of the Koudiet Medouar Dam and its tributary (Batna, Algeria)","authors":"Imane Smatti-Hamza, Dounia Keddari, Smail Mehennaoui, Fatima-Zohra Afri-Mehennaoui","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02318-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02318-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study assesses the level of heavy metals concerning sediment from the Koudiet Medouar dam. This dam is intended for the production of drinking water and irrigation. In order to assess the level of contamination of the dam by toxic metals, 216 sediment samples were taken at nine stations upstream and downstream of the dam from 2012 to 2014. At the same time, the physical characteristics of the water and the physicochemical parameters of the sediments were determined. The results, expressed by the mean ± standard deviation, are for water: temperature, 15.5 ± 7 °C; potential of hydrogen, 8.05 ± 0.36; conductivity, 1125 ± 228 μS/cm. For sediments the values are potential of hydrogen, 8.55 ± 0.22; conductivity, 730 ± 347 μS/cm; carbonates, 49.18 ± 18.1%; fraction less than 63 μm 27.06 ± 6.95%; organic matter 3.02 ± 1.2%. Trace metal concentrations followed the order: Mn > Zn > Cr > Cu > Co > Ni > Pb > Cd. The strong correlation among trace metal indicates that these elements have common sources suggesting their association with silted sands. The geo-accumulation index, contamination factors, degree of contamination, and sediment pollution index reveal a polymetallic contamination dominated by two or more elements in which Cd, Cr, and Cu are of greatest concern. The levels of trace metals in the sediments record high concentrations upstream of the dam, especially in the second station of the village, near the dam. Our results reflect the footprint of anthropogenic inputs of cadmium, chromium, and copper resulting from agricultural activities by runoff water and soil erosion as well as domestic water discharges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02318-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance of water quality simulation model for lifting drainage water joints and mixing zone determination 水质模拟模型在提升排水接头和确定混合区方面的性能

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02304-1

Talaat El-Gamal, Asmaa Agrama

{"title":"Performance of water quality simulation model for lifting drainage water joints and mixing zone determination","authors":"Talaat El-Gamal, Asmaa Agrama","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02304-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02304-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Limited water resources with gradual increase in water demand led to higher dependence on drainage water as one of the non-conventional water resources in Egypt. However, there was no precise approach for using such resource. The practices ranged between stopping lifting drainage water to main canals at many locations due to the water quality degradation in the drains and pure dependence on polluted drainage water by farmers. This implies the importance of applying the mathematical models that provide precise and flexible alternative for the dependence on the drainage water. This procedure could save the big investments that were used in the lifting stations while mitigating the environmental hazards. Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System (CORMIX) model is one of these mathematical simulation models. The study used surface discharge sub-model (CORMIX3) to define the mixing zone between the lifted drainage water from Mehalet Rough drain and the freshwater in Mit Yazid canal, by investigated biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The simulation results verified that the two investigated parameters met WQ standards for the Egyptian law 48/1982. BOD standard value was met after 448.36 m, in 723 s. TDS standard value was met after 4.46 m, in 7.8 s. This was far ahead of the first municipal station regardless low quality of these parameters in the drain. This is the first time to apply this model in the irrigation sector in Egypt, and the results were promising for defining the precise approach to reuse the drainage water in Egypt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02304-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Slaughterhouse wastewater remediation using carbonized sawdust followed by textile filtration 利用碳化锯末和纺织品过滤对屠宰场废水进行补救

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02312-1

Mahmoud Elkady, Ahmed. M. Yosri, Samar Mohamed Fathy, Mohammed Helmy Ahmed Abbas

{"title":"Slaughterhouse wastewater remediation using carbonized sawdust followed by textile filtration","authors":"Mahmoud Elkady, Ahmed. M. Yosri, Samar Mohamed Fathy, Mohammed Helmy Ahmed Abbas","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02312-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02312-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) is considered an industrial wastewater, which seriously harms the environment due to the high concentration of contaminants such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS). Additionally, the wastewater from slaughterhouses contains harmful bacteria. This study used a lap-scale model to treat SWW from a local private slaughterhouse. The treatment process involves three stages: adsorption using activated carbon, which is derived from sawdust, followed by sedimentation, and finally, a slow sand filter with a modified layer of woven textile cotton. The first two steps were tested to obtain the ideal operation condition of the treatment system. After the final step of treatment, we evaluated the overall process using a modified slow sand filter (MSSF). We used a Jar test to determine the optimal dosage of activated carbon from sawdust (ACS). The monitored parameters were physicochemical, such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). The bacteriological examination included both total coliform count (TCC) and fecal coliform count (FCC). The results of the jar test revealed that the optimal ACS dose was 2.0 g/l. After adjusting the contact time and pH levels for the adsorption process, we discovered that the ideal contact time was 100 min and the ideal pH level was 4.0. Finally, we evaluated the entire treatment system by applying the MSSF after the sedimentation process, and found that the removal efficiencies of turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, TP, and TN were 97.14, 94.80, 91.80, 98.96, 81.17, 81.12, and 82.50%, respectively. This is in addition to the filter's ability to remove bacteria counts at a rate of up to 98.93 and 99.13% of TCC and FCC, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02312-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of flow splitters on local scour downstream of type-A trapezoidal piano key weir 分流器对 A 型梯形琴键堰下游局部冲刷的影响

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02309-w

Sara Kazerooni, Chonoor Abdi Chooplou, Masoud Ghodsian

{"title":"Effects of flow splitters on local scour downstream of type-A trapezoidal piano key weir","authors":"Sara Kazerooni, Chonoor Abdi Chooplou, Masoud Ghodsian","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02309-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02309-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effectiveness of flow splitters in reducing scour downstream of trapezoidal Piano Key Weirs through a comprehensive experimental study. Three distinct geometries of flow splitters—square, rectangular, and circular—are examined under various hydraulic conditions to assess their impact on local scouring. The experiments were conducted in a dedicated channel measuring 10 m in length, 0.75 m in width, and 0.80 m in height. The results indicate that flow splitters facilitate flow separation by linking trapped air beneath the flow to the free surface, thereby mitigating nappe oscillation. Additionally, the geometric variations of flow splitters did not significantly influence the upstream water head, with rectangular-shaped flow splitters proving more effective than square and circular splitters. On average, the maximum scour depth for the weir with rectangular, square, and circular splitters is reduced by approximately 13, 11, and 10%, respectively, compared to the weir without splitters. Furthermore, the volume of scour holes in tests with rectangular, square, and circular splitters showed reductions of 18.53, 17.77, and 14.92%, respectively, compared to tests without splitters. As discharge decreases, the effectiveness of these flow splitters in reducing scour depth becomes more pronounced. Due to the existence of splitters, the location of maximum scour depth approaches the weir. New equations were developed for predicting scour hole parameters with and without flow splitters, incorporating various splitter geometries. These equations were formulated using non-linear regression, achieving high accuracy with a correction factor, yielding R<sup>2</sup> values between 0.78 and 0.94, and RMSE values ranging from 0.09 to 0.54. Overall, the findings underscore the significance of flow splitter geometry in mitigating scour effects, providing valuable insights for future engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02309-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A machine learning approach to site groundwater contamination monitoring wells 地下水污染监测井选址的机器学习方法

IF 5.7 3区环境科学与生态学

Applied Water Science Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02320-1

V. Gómez-Escalonilla, E. Montero-González, S. Díaz-Alcaide, M. Martín-Loeches, M. Rodríguez del Rosario, P. Martínez-Santos

{"title":"A machine learning approach to site groundwater contamination monitoring wells","authors":"V. Gómez-Escalonilla, E. Montero-González, S. Díaz-Alcaide, M. Martín-Loeches, M. Rodríguez del Rosario, P. Martínez-Santos","doi":"10.1007/s13201-024-02320-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-024-02320-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective monitoring of groundwater contamination is crucial to protect human livelihoods and ecosystems. This paper presents a machine learning-based approach to improve groundwater monitoring networks by providing predictions of groundwater contamination in space. The method is demonstrated through a practical application in Central Spain, where nitrate was used as a proxy for groundwater contamination. Predictive mapping identifies the spatial markers for groundwater contamination based on twenty-four predictor variables and a dataset of 213 existing monitoring boreholes. Tree-based algorithms found meaningful associations between the explanatory variables and known nitrate concentrations. Comparing the outcomes of the algorithms with the areas officially delineated as vulnerable to nitrate suggests that machine learning algorithms are able to predict groundwater contamination. The extra trees algorithm outperformed decision trees, random forest, gradient boosting, and AdaBoost classifiers, with an area under the curve score in excess of 0.88. Major predictors for groundwater contamination were depth to the water table, lithology, distance to rivers, and distance to livestock farms. Predictive mapping suggests that there are unmonitored regions to the northeast and to the southwest of Madrid’s metropolitan area that present similar markers to monitored regions known to be contaminated. These unmonitored areas should be prioritized in future attempts to improve the network. From a research perspective, the main conclusion of this work is that machine learning techniques can be used as a technique to automate the siting of monitoring boreholes. Practical applications should nevertheless be overseen by an expert eye to guarantee the quality of the outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-024-02320-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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