Applied Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of water management and cost–benefit of lifting water for new elevated reclaimed areas: a case study of El Nasr Canal, Egypt","authors":"Noha F. Abd El Azim,&nbsp;Hossam M. Moghazy,&nbsp;Noha H. Moghazy","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02426-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02426-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In arid and semi-arid regions, water scarcity is a dominant problem where water insufficiency greatly hinders sustainable agricultural development. Another significant challenge is usage of pump stations for lifting irrigation water to elevated lands considering cost recovery of cultivated crops. Egypt, which is a semi-arid region, has been facing challenges due to limited water resources and insufficient agricultural production. Egyptian Government seeks to expand agricultural projects to increase production. This paper focuses on expansion project along command area of El Nasr Canal, as a case study, which is supplied from El Nubaria Canal through a cascade of five pump stations irrigating new reclaimed land in north-west Egypt Delta. The main goal of this study is to analyze cost–benefit of lifting water to irrigate different crops along El Nasr Canal. The study also aims to assess sufficiency of lifting water along each pumping station and investigate shortages/surpluses until delivering water to end users. Modern irrigation is applied to only 57% of El Nasr Canal area, while surface irrigation is used in remaining areas. Cost analysis showed that total cost of lifting water for each pump station is (2.794, 5.591, 8.247, 12.138, and 17.044) × 10^–3 $/m³, respectively. Feasibility analysis indicated that sunflower, groundnuts, sugar beet, apples, and mandarins are non-feasible for most pumping stations zones even with usage of modern irrigation. Results showed irrigation demand requirements exceeded water supply causing severe shortages of 883.30 MCM/year. Accordingly, the study presented different scenarios to provide decision-makers with solutions for better management of water and cropping pattern. Methodology developed in this study presents a useful guide to analyze and assess water resources and agricultural sustainability in similar regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02426-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of bacteria for water purification in a TiO2-coated photocatalytic reactor illuminated by solar light","authors":"Lukas Dufner,&nbsp;Philipp Hofmann,&nbsp;Daniel Dobslaw,&nbsp;Frank Kern","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02453-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02453-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the inactivation of various bacterial strains in a solar illuminated photocatalysis reactor with a titania photocatalyst dispersed in a geopolymer coating is studied. The modular reactor design consists of connected catalyst-coated open water carrying chutes. The cleaning efficiency of the process against chemical and biological water contaminants was evaluated by means of test series with methylene blue as a reference for chemical contamination and by studying the inactivation of the strains <i>Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> and an undefined mixed culture from the effluent of the secondary clarifier of a wastewater treatment plant as biological contaminants. Test series with methylene blue showed reduction efficiencies of 17–63% for non-catalyst-coated reference reactors and 55–99% for catalyst-coated reactors within 120–300 min of exposure to natural sunlight. Disinfection test series showed reduction efficiencies of 0.0–2.8 log units (without catalyst) and 0.0–4.4 log units (with catalyst) for mentioned bacteria and the mixed culture within 40–180 min of light exposure. Hence, the catalyst-coated system consistently showed a significantly higher degradation efficiency than the non-coated reference. A comparison of methylene blue degradation under natural solar irradiation and artificial UVA irradiation conditions showed that this simple reactor concept is suitable for the combined elimination of trace substances and disinfection of water even at moderate flux rates of 1000 W/m².</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02453-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of potential managed aquifer recharge sites in hyper-arid environment using GIS and analytical hierarchy process","authors":"Hazrat Bilal,&nbsp;Rajesh Govindan,&nbsp;Slim Zekri,&nbsp;Ali Al-Maktoumi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Rajabi,&nbsp;Chefi Triki,&nbsp;Wiem Harrathi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02431-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02431-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Utilizing aquifers as groundwater storage reservoirs is an effective strategy for water management in water scare regions. The success of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) relies on the assessment and modeling of site-specific hydrogeological characteristics, including groundwater salinity, transmissivity, storativity, slope, soil properties, proximity to water recharge networks and road accessibility, etc. This study employs a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation technique, integrating both ground and remote sensing datasets. The results indicate that a significant portion of the total land area, approximately 7,414.11 km² (64%), can potentially be utilized for MAR practices, while the remaining 36% is restricted due to various constraints, such as built-up areas, roads, agricultural lands and nationally protected areas for conservation. The available 64% of land is further categorized into subclasses ranging from highly suitable to least suitable areas. Most of the highly and moderately suitable regions are located in the northern central parts of the country where seasonal surplus treated wastewater and desalinated water may be used to recharge groundwater. Furthermore, MAR technology can also be used to tackle saltwater intrusion in the coastal areas by injecting seasonal surplus desalinated and treated wastewater. These findings suggest that MAR technology has a high potential to facilitate aquifer water storage and recovery in the country, which can contribute to sustainable water resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02431-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-stationary downscaling and gap-filling approach for GRACE/GRACE-FO data under climatic and anthropogenic influences","authors":"Seyed Mojtaba Mousavimehr,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Kavianpour","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02427-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02427-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) are being increasingly used as valuable data sources for hydrological monitoring. However, their coarse spatial resolution is considered as a limitation for regional studies, especially in areas with remarkable hydroclimate variability. In this study, a novel approach is presented for downscaling, and gap filling of terrestrial water storage (TWS) in Tehran province, Iran. Non-stationarity in the GRACE/GRACE-FO derived TWS is a significant challenge for predictive models. In this regard, the Hodrick–Prescott filter was adopted to detrend the TWS data. Afterward, several machine learning and deep learning techniques are employed for TWS prediction using Global Land Data Assimilation System and the fifth-generation ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) datasets. The methodology is employed for bridging the gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO as well. Subsequently, the models are trained with different combinations of input variables and their performance is evaluated against the actual values. In parallel, a separate regression model based on the temporal index of the sample is developed for trend estimation and highlighting the role of anthropogenic activities. The proposed methodology is employed for bridging the gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO as well. The models with the highest accuracy are fed by input data with a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° to obtain fine-resolution TWS. Finally, the downscaled TWS derived from the predictive model is applied to calculate groundwater storage (GWS). The monthly TWS prediction results exhibit a strong correlation (CC = 0.93) and a low error (RMSE = 4.75 cm), underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed approach. TWS and GWS computations reveal rapid declines in groundwater-level prevailing by anthropogenic factors which exacerbate water crisis issues and environmental problems in the study area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02427-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose biosorbent for zinc removal: a sustainable remediation of heavy metal-polluted waters","authors":"Dilber Çelgan,&nbsp;Asiye Karadağ,&nbsp;Barna Jalaluddin Mohammad Karim,&nbsp;Yaşar Kemal Recepoğlu,&nbsp;Özgür Arar","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02381-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02381-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) biosorbent for efficient removal of Zn²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions. The microstructural features of the biosorbent were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while elemental analysis was conducted using an elemental analyzer to determine carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) content. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to identify functional groups within the biosorbent. Sorption experiments revealed that increasing the biosorbent dose led to higher Zn²⁺ removal rates until equilibrium was reached. The optimal pH for Zn²⁺ removal was determined to be ≥ 5, attributed to the conversion of acetate group to its ionic form. Rapid kinetics were observed, with 99% removal achieved within 5 min. The biosorbent exhibited a maximum sorption capacity of 10.809 mg/g and a removal rate of 99% at pH 5. Desorption studies demonstrated efficient Zn²⁺ recovery using 0.25 M HCl solution, with a total desorption rate exceeding 99%. The findings indicate the potential for cost-effective regeneration of the biosorbent using dilute acid solutions, enhancing its sustainability and practical applicability in water purification processes. Additionally, the biosorbent’s selectivity for Zn²⁺ ions over competing ions and its effectiveness in treating real water samples, including those containing Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, highlight its suitability for practical water purification applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02381-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of PVA from textile wastewater using modified PVDF membranes by electrospun cellulose nanofibers","authors":"Marwa S. Shalaby,&nbsp;Frank Lipnizki,&nbsp;Heba Abdallah,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Shaban,&nbsp;Rania Ramadan,&nbsp;Eman Mansor,&nbsp;Marwa Hosney,&nbsp;Akhil Thomas,&nbsp;Binny Maria Babu,&nbsp;K. E. Merin Rose,&nbsp;Hanna J. Maria,&nbsp;Sabu Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02435-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02435-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane modified with cellulose/nanostructures as a separation technique for the removal of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/reactive dyes from synthetic textile wastewater. The goal was to recycle PVA/reactive dye yellow 145 for reuse in the industry while simultaneously reclaiming water for reuse. To achieve this, the study aimed to evaluate the influence of SnO₂/ZnO nanostructures on the polymer mixture, examining their impact on permeation and rejection of PVA/reactive dye. Additionally, the study investigated the antifouling properties of PVDF, both in the presence and absence of electrospun cellulose nanofibers. Chemical analysis techniques, including SEM, EDS, FTIR, mechanical strength testing, contact angle measurement, AFM, and determination of molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), were employed to assess the synthesized membranes. The MWCO results indicated a decrease in pore size after surface modification with electrospun cellulose acetate (CA), with the modified membrane (M2-Mod) showing a reduced MWCO of 6700 Da compared to the unmodified membrane’s MWCO of 13,980 Da. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the optimal polymeric nanocomposite of PVDF with nano-SnO₂ or ZnO, along with electrospun cellulose nanofibers, to enhance %PVA and %dye rejection while improving membrane productivity and fouling resistance. The formulation containing a mixture of SnO₂ and ZnO, in the presence of electrospun CA, demonstrated superior performance, achieving 98% PVA rejection, 95% reactive dye rejection, and a stable flux of 20 LMH, with a normalized flux of 92%. Overall, it can be concluded that the optimized modified membrane formulation (M2-Mod) exhibited excellent antifouling behavior, holding significant potential for promoting circular economy and sustainability in textile wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02435-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of composite adsorbent comprising peat, limestone, zeolite, and activated carbon for the treatment of diffused soluble contaminants","authors":"Amir Detho,&nbsp;Mohd Arif Rosli,&nbsp;Nejib Ghazouani,&nbsp;Abdelkader Mabrouk,&nbsp;Ahmed Babeker Elhag,&nbsp;Aeslina Abdul Kadir,&nbsp;Zawawi Daud,&nbsp;Hesham Hussein Rassem","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02433-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02433-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to develop a novel composite adsorbent combining peat (PS), limestone (LS), zeolite (ZEO), and activated carbon (AC), with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a binder (40% by weight), for the simultaneous removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from stabilized landfill leachate. The composite was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and pH at zero-point charge (pHzpc). The material exhibited high SiO₂ and CaO content, functional groups (e.g., Si–O-Si, N–H, O–H, C–O, C–N, and O–C.), a rough and heterogeneous surface morphology, a surface area of 105.96 m²/g, and a pHzpc of 11.25. Batch experiments determined optimal adsorption conditions: 200 rpm shaking speed, 120-min contact time, pH 7, particle size of 2.36–3.35 mm, and dosage of 57 g/L. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit for NH₃-N and COD adsorption with adsorption capacities of 26.18 mg/g and 47.39 mg/g, respectively (<i>R</i>² = 0.9941 and 0.9814). Kinetic studies indicated pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting process. These findings demonstrate the composite (PS, LS, ZEO, and AC) potential as an efficient and sustainable adsorbent for treating stabilized landfill leachate. Further studies should focus on evaluating the performance of composite adsorbents for the removal of NH₃-N, COD, or other pollutants from mining industry, domestic, or combined effluents, as well as their potential application in air pollution control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02433-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability of groundwater quantity for an arid coastal aquifer under the climate change and extensive exploitation","authors":"Karim Soliman,&nbsp;Doaa Amin","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02404-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02404-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater is the main water source in arid climate regions. Climate change and extensive groundwater exploitation will stress the groundwater resources in the upcoming decades. Therefore, groundwater quantity and quality should be assessed. In this study, we focused on groundwater quantity, including recharge and storage (using groundwater level as an indicator) to predict system vulnerability. The northern portion of El-Qaa Plain was chosen as a case study because the aquifer is coastal, arid, over-exploited, and naturally replenished via seasonal precipitation events. To project groundwater recharge under climate change and future exploitation, Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants, and Atmosphere under quasi-steady State (WetSpass) was applied. Modular Finite Difference Groundwater Flow Model (MODFLOW) was utilized to project the groundwater level. Future climate ensembles were acquired from Regional Climate Models (RCMs) of Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) datasets for the EURO 11 domain. The ensembles were bias-corrected using the Delta Change Factor (DCF) method. The results indicate that groundwater resources will be severely affected by climate change, as recharge might drop by nearly 35% to 75% during 2071–2100 for moderate and severe change ensembles. The mean groundwater level might decline by around 7–8 m by 2100 for the same ensembles. Regarding over-exploitation, the maximum drawdown will rise to approximately 16 m (no change in abstraction rate), to 36 m (increase in abstraction rate), and 7 m (decrease in abstraction rate). The results might aid decision-makers and stakeholders developing sustainable water resource management plans for the area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02404-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ozonation on the morphological characteristics and adsorption behavior of polystyrene microplastics in aqueous environments","authors":"Afsaneh Esmaeili Nasrabadi,&nbsp;Narges Babaei,&nbsp;Ziaeddin Bonyadi","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02443-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02443-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the morphological properties of PS MPs aged by ozone and their adsorption behavior. In this study, the aging of PS MPs was carried out using ozone at a concentration of 1.4 mg/L for 1 h. Subsequently, various laboratory techniques were used to study the morphological characteristics and adsorption behavior of the aged PS MPs. The findings indicated that the morphological characteristics of PS MPs changed as a result of the aging process. Specifically, the size of PS particles decreased from 3.284 to 3.238 μm, while their ZP decreased from − 45.6 to − 76.3 mV. Furthermore, changes in the functional groups of aged MPs were evident when compared to fresh samples. Aged PS also had a higher adsorption rate for CV dye, at 76.55%, compared to fresh PS, which had an adsorption rate of 69.79%. The alterations in the morphological characteristics and adsorption behavior of aged PS can be attributed to the degradation of the polymer structure of these pollutants, as well as the increase in adsorption sites on their surfaces. It can be concluded that the aging process enhances the environmental reactivity and pollutant adsorption potential of PS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02443-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic pollutant degradation via novel ZnCo2O4-embedded grafted waste polystyrene foam as heterogeneous catalysts for PMS activation","authors":"Asmaa A. Roshdy,&nbsp;Elsayed A. Elsharaky,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Elged,&nbsp;Abdelrahman M. Rabie","doi":"10.1007/s13201-025-02423-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13201-025-02423-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to design and fabricate high-performance heterogeneous polymeric composites via in-situ polymerization, utilizing waste polystyrene-co-methacrylic acid functionalized with zinc cobalt oxide (ZC) at varying loadings (10, 15 and 30 wt %), designated as m-WZC₁₀, m-WZC₁₅ and m-WZC₃₀ respectively. Additionally, waste polystyrene (W) underwent methacrylic acid grafting in the absence of zinc cobalt oxide, serving as a control reference material, denoted as m-W, to evaluate the impact of ZC incorporation on the composite’s structural and catalytic properties. The synthesized polymers were employed for poroxymonosulfate activation (PMS) in the catalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater streams. Through systematic experimentation, we compared three different loadings of m-WZC composites (m-WZC₁₀, m-WZC₁₅, and m-WZC₃₀) by optimizing key degradation parameters, including PMS dose, pH, temperature, initial MB concentration, and the effect of ions. Among them, m-WZC₁₅ exhibited the optimal performance, achieving 99.89% MB removal within just 10 min at an initial MB concentration of 20 mg/L. Under the optimal conditions of m-WZC₁₅, the study further expanded its scope by investigating its efficacy in degrading other pollutants, methyl red (MR), methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RB), and p-nitrophenol (PNP). The catalysis exhibited excellent degradation activity, achieving removal rates of 99.76%, 99.0%, 98.3%, and 97.8% for these pollutants, respectively. Stability experiments revealed that the MB degradation rate achieved by the m-WZC₁₅ remained consistently high, reaching 97% even after 5 cycles. Furthermore, no noticeable changes were observed in the crystalline phase structure throughout the experimental cycles. The synthesized m-WZC₁₅ under these established conditions, demonstrated remarkable versatility and emerged as a promising candidate for water purification endeavors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8374,"journal":{"name":"Applied Water Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-025-02423-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}