Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia最新文献

{"title":"Mapa de contaminación bacteriana en superficies de alto contacto de un servicio de oftalmología hospitalario: estudio transversal","authors":"V.M. Asensio-Sánchez,&nbsp;A. Frontela,&nbsp;T. Nebreda-Mayoral,&nbsp;M. Cuervo-Abarquero","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Bacterial contamination of high-touch surfaces can facilitate healthcare-associated infections, particularly in ophthalmology, where frequent contact with diagnostic devices occurs. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize bacterial load on high-touch surfaces in a hospital ophthalmology department, identifying critical areas and predominant bacterial groups.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary hospital, sampling 150 surfaces across consultation rooms, emergency areas, waiting rooms, administrative areas, and critical points. Surfaces were sampled using sterile swabs and cultured on nutrient agar. After incubation at 37<!--> <!-->°C for 48<!--> <!-->h, bacterial load was quantified as colony-forming units per square centimeter (CFU/cm²). Bacterial identification was performed using Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests. Comparisons between areas were analyzed using ANOVA; <em>P</em> &lt;<!--> <!-->.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences in bacterial load were observed among areas; <em>P</em> &lt;<!--> <!-->.001, with higher values in consultation rooms (104<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->37 CFU/cm²) and critical points (118<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->42 CFU/cm²). The most contaminated surfaces were slit-lamp chin rests, keyboards and mice, touch screens, and tonometer cones. Coagulase-negative staphylococci predominated (79%), followed by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (14%) and Gram-negative bacilli (9%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Frequently touched surfaces in ophthalmology departments exhibit high bacterial loads, underscoring the need for differentiated cleaning protocols, periodic audits, and staff training to reduce cross-contamination and improve patient safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 9","pages":"Article 502591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aplicaciones terapéuticas de la edición génica mediante CRISPR-Cas9 en el segmento posterior: revisión de la literatura","authors":"J.A. Leon Agudelo,&nbsp;H. Martínez Vallejo","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CRISPR-Cas gene editing has become increasingly relevant in the treatment of several ophthalmic diseases. Its ability to make precise modifications at the DNA or RNA level has enabled targeted approaches for specific mutations involved in conditions such as Leber congenital amaurosis type 10 (LCA10), certain forms of retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration.</div><div>This article provides an organized overview of the biological basis of CRISPR-Cas technology and highlights key advances from preclinical studies and early clinical trials. Technical limitations and ongoing safety challenges are also discussed. Programs such as EDIT-101, EDIT-103, and HG202 stand out as important milestones in the evolution of ocular gene editing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 9","pages":"Article 502582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reporte de caso: valor diagnóstico y quirúrgico de la UBM en glaucoma facolítico secundario a subluxación traumática del cristalino","authors":"G.U. Fonseca-Aguirre,&nbsp;E.J. Briceño-Souza,&nbsp;C.A. Gómez-Valdivia","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report highlights the diagnostic and surgical value of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in managing phacolytic glaucoma with traumatic lens subluxation, a rare combination requiring differentiation from other lens-induced glaucomas. UBM precisely identified three pathognomonic features: (1) subluxated lens with reduced thickness yet open angles, (2) cortical liquefaction, and (3) zonular insufficiency, thus overcoming the limitations of conventional imaging modalities. The patient underwent successful phacoemulsification with capsular tension ring implantation, achieving 20/20 vision and normalized intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1-month follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 9","pages":"Article 502555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vías de estrés redox e inflamación en la enfermedad ocular: dianas para la modulación nutricional","authors":"P.K.V. Kavyasree,&nbsp;K. Jayadevan,&nbsp;M. Abdullah,&nbsp;A. Therayil","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visual impairment remains a major global health burden caused by diverse ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, uveitis, and ocular surface disorders. Despite differing etiologies, growing evidence identifies oxidative stress and chronic inflammation as a shared pathogenic axis affecting both anterior and posterior ocular segments. High metabolic demand, sustained light exposure, dense mitochondrial content, and limited antioxidant defences render ocular tissues particularly susceptible to redox imbalance. Excess reactive oxygen species induce cellular injury and activate redox-sensitive inflammatory signalling, promoting neurodegeneration, microvascular dysfunction, immune-mediated damage, and progressive vision loss. This review summarises key mechanisms underlying redox-inflammatory crosstalk in ocular tissues, highlighting mitochondrial dysfunction, Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant responses, NF-κB-driven inflammation, and MAPK and PI3K-Akt signalling as central molecular integrators. Tissue-specific responses in the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, trabecular meshwork, uveal tract, and ocular surface demonstrate how shared mechanisms generate distinct disease phenotypes. The modulatory potential of bioactive nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and polyphenols, is critically discussed. Although preclinical evidence is strong, clinical outcomes remain variable, underscoring the need for precision nutrition strategies and mechanism-based clinical trial design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 9","pages":"Article 502581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permiso laboral retribuido para acompañantes de la cirugía de cataratas: cuestiones legales","authors":"M. Sanchidrián Mayo","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2025.502454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2025.502454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 9","pages":"Article 502454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asociaciones del ajuste de dosis con la eficacia y seguridad de faricimab para los trastornos de degeneración macular relacionados con la edad: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis","authors":"B. Benedictus,&nbsp;S.T. Alaydrus,&nbsp;H.K. Ronik,&nbsp;Y.A. Dwinastiti,&nbsp;B. Priscilla,&nbsp;E. Nova","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviews the efficacy and safety of various dosing regimens and treatment cycles of intravitreal faricimab as therapy for Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or post-hoc analyses of RCTs involving a population of ARMD or macular related disorder patients receiving faricimab therapy. Study outcomes were assessed by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) or central macular subfield thickness (CST). Data extracted from the journals included characteristics of the patient population, subgroup population, treatment used, therapeutic dose, treatment cycle, BCVA, CVA, number of populations with severe adverse events, and severe ocular adverse events. Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, with values ≤40% considered homogeneous. A random effects model was applied when effect estimates crossed the line of no effect. Effect sizes were reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. We included eight studies with a total of 8458 study populations. There are several doses that can be given (1.5<!--> <!-->mg and 6<!--> <!-->mg) and several cycles of administration (every 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks and personalized treatment interval). Faricimab 6<!--> <!-->mg every sixteen weeks has shown a better effect than aflibercept and ranibizumab. These findings suggest that faricimab 6<!--> <!-->mg administered every sixteen weeks demonstrated superior outcomes in improving best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and greater reductions in central subfield thickness (CST) compared to aflibercept 2<!--> <!-->mg every eight weeks. However, a more frequent regimens were associated with significantly higher severe adverse events, especially ocular severe adverse events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148660069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implante de segmento de anillos intracorneal para la corrección de astigmatismo mixto o miópico compuesto elevado en córneas sanas","authors":"L. Fernández-Vega-Cueto,&nbsp;C. Lisa,&nbsp;B. Alfonso-Bartolozzi,&nbsp;A. Poo-López,&nbsp;D. Madrid-Costa,&nbsp;J.F. Alfonso","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>To assess the outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation using a femtosecond laser for the correction of high mixed or compound myopic astigmatism.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 38 eyes from 24 patients with mixed or compound myopic astigmatism ≥<!--> <!-->4.00<!--> <!-->D who underwent Ferrara-type ICRS implantation. Manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (logMAR), as well as corneal topography, were recorded preoperatively and at 12<!--> <!-->months postoperatively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The refractive cylinder decreased from −6.31<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.69<!--> <!-->D preoperatively to −1.57<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.75<!--> <!-->D postoperatively (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->.0001). In cases with mixed astigmatism, the refractive sphere decreased from +3.65<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.21<!--> <!-->D to +1.34<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.70<!--> <!-->D (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->.0001). By contrast, in eyes with compound myopic astigmatism, the refractive sphere increased from −3.55<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.04<!--> <!-->D to −4.31<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.23<!--> <!-->D (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.003). The mean UDVA (logMAR) significantly improved from 0.90<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.27 preoperatively to 0.38<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.29 postoperatively (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->.0001). The mean CDVA (logMAR) changed from 0.10<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.13 to 0.07<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.08 after surgery (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.008). Postoperative UDVA was significantly better in cases with mixed astigmatism compared with compound myopic astigmatism (0.31<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.20 vs 0.63<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.36 logMAR; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->.0001). However, no differences were observed in CDVA (0.06<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.08 vs 0.08<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.08 logMAR; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.2).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The outcomes of this study support the viability of Ferrara-type ICRS implantation as a surgical alternative for reducing high astigmatism to low-to-moderate levels. Astigmatism reduction is accompanied by a decrease in the refractive sphere in mixed astigmatism and an increase in compound myopic astigmatism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148660071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinopatía zonal externa oculta aguda (AZOOR): hallazgos multimodales en una paciente joven","authors":"S. Bouchoutrouch,&nbsp;F. García-Ibor,&nbsp;D. Serrano Fernando","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148660081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xeroftalmia y neuropatía óptica bilateral secundario a déficit nutricional en un paciente con trastorno del espectro autista: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura","authors":"A.T. Pérez Bello,&nbsp;G. Galperin,&nbsp;M.E. Frack Auger,&nbsp;B.F. Graizman Kohan,&nbsp;F.M. Preto,&nbsp;C.M. Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chronic vitamin A deficiency is the leading preventable cause of childhood blindness<span><span>¹</span></span>. Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represent a high-risk group because they may present eating disorders that lead to severe nutritional deficiencies. We present the case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with ASD who developed xerophthalmia and bilateral optic neuropathy in the context of vitamin A deficiency, associated with vitamin B₁₂ deficiency and anemia, who was managed and followed up through a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of this work is to present a case report accompanied by a literature review to contextualize it, compare it with previously described cases in the scientific literature, and highlight its relevance in diagnostic and therapeutic management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148646864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcoma mieloide orbitario como primer signo de presentación de leucemia mieloide aguda en un paciente pediátrico: reporte de caso","authors":"J. Angulo Velásquez,&nbsp;M. López Fuentes,&nbsp;D. Cruzado-Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oftal.2026.502538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells that may occur in association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is more common in children than in adults, and the orbit represents one of the most frequent sites of involvement. When MS presents as an isolated lesion or precedes the diagnosis of AML, accurate diagnosis may be challenging, potentially delaying treatment and adversely affecting prognosis. We report a case of orbital MS as the initial manifestation of AML in a previously healthy pediatric patient with a rapidly progressive clinical course.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8348,"journal":{"name":"Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia","volume":"101 8","pages":"Article 502538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148646863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}