Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation and feasibility of diagnostic heatflow imaging in patients with palpable breast lesions: a pilot study.","authors":"Patrik Pöschke, Axel Boese, Katharina Seitz, Niklas Amann, Sophie Eckstein, Carla E Schulmeyer, Carolin C Hack, Felix Heindl, Hanna Huebner, Andreas Füller, Peter A Fasching, Julius Emons","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08093-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08093-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with early detection significantly improving outcomes. Heat flow imaging (HFI) is a non-invasive dynamic thermography method with prior tissue cooling. It has shown its potential as an additional diagnostic tool. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of diagnostic HFI in patients with palpable breast lesions during outpatient visits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patients presenting with palpable breast lesions at the Erlangen University Hospital were recruited between November 2023 and April 2024. Heat flow imaging was performed in addition to sonographic and mammographic imaging in routine care. Additionally, the patients completed a pain questionnaire to evaluate the comfort of the procedure. We used a two-phase study design. During the first phase, the imaging procedure was established and standardized. In the second phase, imaging footage was compared with conventional mammography, sonography, and histological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine patients were recruited and 18 patients underwent final evaluation. Heat flow imaging successfully detected 7 out of 11 palpable carcinomas. Factors contributing to missed lesions and impairing image quality were inadequate cooling or improper camera positioning. The mean pain score reported during the procedure was 0.7 on a visual analog scale from 0 to 10, indicating minimal discomfort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Heat flow imaging is a feasible imaging method that may serve as a supplementary diagnostic tool for breast cancer detection in patients with palpable breast lesions. However, it is still considered an experimental method and its use should be limited in the context of clinical trials. Further research involving larger patient groups is required to validate these preliminary findings and to optimize image acquisition protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a relationship between symptoms and types of endometriosis according to #ENZIAN? A comparative study of preoperative questionnaires.","authors":"Elvin Piriyev, Clara Mennicken, Sven Schiermeier, Thomas Römer","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08072-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08072-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between these three groups and digestive symptoms. The secondary objective was to evaluate all symptoms in all groups.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>It was a retrospective comparative analysis of preoperative questionnaires. Three groups of patients were compared: Group 1 Patients with only peritoneal endometriosis ± adnexal adhesions and adenomyosis (P ± T and FA), Group 2 Patients with DIE, excluding the digestive system, and/or cystic ± peritoneal and adnexal adhesions and adenomyosis (O, A, B ± P, T, and FA), Group 3 Patients with DIE of the digestive system (C, FI) ± other localizations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This retrospective study of 233 preoperative questionnaires explored symptom profiles across #ENZIAN-classified endometriosis types. No overall symptom differences were found, but severe dyschezia (VAS ≥ 5) correlated with bowel involvement (C compartment), dyspareunia corelated with adenomyosis (FA compartment), and chronic pelvic pain was lower in bowel DIE (Group 3) than in peritoneal/ovarian groups. Symptom questionnaires may guide surgical referral despite imaging limitations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While these imaging modalities can help identify DIE and endometriomas, they are less effective in detecting superficial peritoneal lesions, which can also cause significant symptoms. For this reason, even though symptom questionnaires are not definitive diagnostic tools, they may serve as an important starting point for further investigation and referral for surgical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic multi-bipolar radiofrequency ablation of fibroids: impact on quality of life.","authors":"Raphael Niddam, Antoine Netter, Blandine Courbière, Aubert Agostini, Laura Miquel","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08082-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08082-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of multi-bipolar radiofrequency ablation compared to standard laparoscopic myomectomy in treating uterine fibroids, focusing on women's quality of life.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>La Conception Hospital, APHM-Marseille, France.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>50 women with symptomatic fibroids treated between December 2021 and December 2023.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation or conventional laparoscopic myomectomy.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>After excluding patients who did not complete the preoperative quality-of-life questionnaire, 34 underwent myomectomy and 16 radiofrequency ablation. At 3 months, no significant differences were observed in HRQOL improvement (9.2 ± 34.3 vs 24.2 ± 28.2, p = 0.14), SSS (- 27.5 ± 31.5 vs - 23.3 ± 33, p = 0.66), or FSFI (0.9 ± 14.7 vs - 1.5 ± 10.8, p = 0.40). The 6-month outcomes also showed no significant difference. Baseline fibroid-specific quality of life was significantly and negatively associated with improvement (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both procedures improved quality of life and reduced fibroid-related symptoms at 3 and 6 months, with no significant difference. Myolysis showed fewer peri- and postoperative complications, suggesting a better safety profile and potential as a conservative treatment option.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The ethics committee of Aix Marseille University approved this study on April 18, 2024, under the reference number 2024-04-18-08.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C-reactive protein velocity and inflammatory burden index: new systemic inflammatory biomarkers and their predictive value for the latent period in preterm premature rupture of membrane pregnancies.","authors":"Dilara Duygulu Bulan, Bengu Mutlu Sutcuoglu, Gulsan Karabay, Zeynep Seyhanli, Nazan Vanli Tonyali, Halis Dogukan Ozkan, Sevki Celen","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08089-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08089-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein velocity (CRPv) and inflammatory burden index (IBI) as novel systemic inflammatory biomarkers in predicting the latent period in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). We investigated the role of these markers in estimating the timing of delivery and their association with perinatal and neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 337 singleton pregnancies diagnosed with PPROM at Ankara Etlik City Hospital between January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025. Patients were divided into two groups based on the latency period. Maternal inflammatory markers, CRPv, and IBI, were recorded and analyzed. The relationship between these inflammatory markers and latency period was assessed, and ROC curve analysis was performed to determine optimal cutoff values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CRPv and IBI values were significantly higher in patients with a latency period of less than 48 h compared to those delivering after 48 h (p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that CRPv > 0.17 had 70% sensitivity and 67% specificity in predicting delivery within 48 h (AUC = 0.675, p < 0.001), while IBI > 35.8 demonstrated predictive accuracy for early delivery (AUC = 0.563, p = 0.047).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRPv and IBI are promising inflammatory biomarkers for predicting the latency period in PPROM pregnancies. Their incorporation into clinical management may improve risk stratification, aiding in timely interventions to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and explore their integration into standard obstetric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the management of patients with wandering spleen in pregnancy and postpartum.","authors":"Brunialti Daniela, Prader Sonia","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08009-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08009-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to review the literature with regard to the management and outcome in pregnant and postpartum females with wandering spleen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature was reviewed for articles regarding the following search terms: 'pregnancy', 'postpartum', 'torsion' and 'wandering spleen'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>17 articles were found in medical literature from 1907 to 2022. Case reports were divided up into 2 groups: antepartum group that counts 12 articles and the postpartum group with 5 articles. The median age of these females was 28 years. All patients had symptoms across both groups: abdominal pain (n=13), vomiting (n=5), thrombocytopenia (n=4), nausea (n=3) and thrombocytosis (n=2). 16 patients underwent splenectomy and 1 pregnant woman received conservative management during pregnancy. 15 patients had no post-operative complications. 1 woman had an incomplete abortion in the 1 st trimester and 1 female a stillbirth in the 3 rd trimester.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wandering spleen in pregnancy and in puerperium is a rare condition with many different possible manifestations. Up to now literature has favored laparoscopic or open splenectomy as treatment for it. From asymptomatic patients to urgent and emergent cases, the diagnosis of a wandering spleen must be included when a pregnant or postpartum woman complains about an abdominal palpable mass and recurrent abdominal pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical application of expanded carrier screening based on next-generation sequencing in the Chinese population.","authors":"Jiali Lu, Jiangrong Chen, Li Mei, Jingyu Zhao, Changhong Wang, Cuihong Ma, Shanshan Luan, Yang Wan","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08100-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08100-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Expanded carrier screening (ECS) enables proactive identification of at-risk couples (ARCs) and individuals, facilitating informed reproductive decision-making through genetic counseling. This study evaluates the clinical utility of ECS among the population in Anhui Province, China, where its implementation remains understudied. Retrospectively analysis of genetic testing results assessed the carrier frequencies for targeted diseases, identified prevalent pathogenic genes and variants, and ARCs detection rate alongside associated reproductive choices and pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center retrospective study (June 2020-October 2023), 2,530 reproductive-aged individuals (486 couples; 1,558 individuals) underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based ECS using a customized panel targeting 152 recessive monogenic disorders. Carrier rates, pathogenic variants, ARC detection, and subsequent reproductive outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 38.50% (974/2,530) of participants carried ≥ 1 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant. The most prevalent autosomal recessive (AR) disorders included DFNB4 (3.08%), DFNB1A (2.81%), Wilson disease (2.57%), Krabbe disease (2.37%), and phenylketonuria (2.13%). Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD, 0.28%) was the most common X-linked (XL) disorder. Twenty ARCs (4.12%, 20/486) were identified, including sixteen pregnant couples. Among these, 56.25% (9/16) opted for invasive prenatal diagnosis, confirming eight unaffected fetuses with healthy live births and one twin pregnancy requiring selective termination of an affected fetus. Five pregnant ARCs declined prenatal diagnosis, four of whom delivered healthy infants, while one pregnancy was terminated due to structural anomalies. Of three non-pregnant ARCs, two pursued preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M), resulting in one healthy birth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that the ECS for reproductive-age individuals can identify couples and individuals at risk of conceiving a child with a recessive genetic disorder and support reproductive choices through the provision of genetic counseling to reduce the likelihood of offspring with congenital anomalies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of a contraceptive implant using a silicon chip-based handheld ultrasound device.","authors":"Ruben Plöger, Eckhard Binder, Brigitte Strizek, Adeline Walter, Florian Recker","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08045-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08045-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Etonogestrel contraceptive implants (Implanon/Nexplanon) are a highly effective form of long-acting reversible contraception. Removal is typically straightforward when the implant is palpable in the upper arm. However, it can become challenging if the implant cannot be located by palpation due to deep placement, weight gain, or migration. Ultrasound is the recommended first-line imaging modality to localize non-palpable implants. Standard cart-based ultrasound devices may not be readily available in all settings (e.g., outpatient clinics, operating rooms, or resource-limited regions). A new generation of handheld ultrasound devices based on silicon chip technology has recently emerged, offering high-resolution imaging in a handheld, point-of-care format. These devices have the potential to facilitate rapid bedside localization of implants.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We present the first case of localizing a non-palpable Implanon NXT® (68 mg etonogestrel) rod using a silicon chip-based handheld ultrasound device (Butterfly iQ). A 27-year-old woman with a non-palpable upper arm implant underwent sequential scanning with the handheld ultrasound device connected to a smartphone and with a standard piezoelectric ultrasound device for comparison. The handheld ultrasound readily identified the implant as an echogenic focus in the arm, enabling marking of the location for removal. A confirmatory scan with a standard ultrasound unit likewise visualized the implant. Guided by these imaging findings, a small incision was made directly over the implant site and the rod was removed successfully under local anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates that a semiconductor-based handheld ultrasound can reliably detect a non-palpable contraceptive implant, yielding sonographic images comparable to a standard piezoelectic ultrasound device. The successful localization and removal of the implant using the portable device suggests that this new ultrasound technology can be a valuable tool in obstetric and gynecologic practice for managing challenging implant cases. Its portability and ease of use at the point of care may improve access to timely implant removal in clinic settings, operating theaters, and remote or underserved areas. Wider adoption of this technology, alongside formal studies validating its accuracy, could enhance clinical workflows for contraceptive implant management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indocyanine green (ICG) imaging: case report of innovative isthmocele diagnosis and repair in a post-ablation patient and literature review.","authors":"Teresa Tam, Christopher Mabini, Carlos M Fernandez, Elliot M Levine","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08071-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-025-08071-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To present a case of a 43-year-old woman with a uterine isthmocele causing severe abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and chronic pelvic pain and to demonstrate the effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in minimally invasive surgical management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 43-year-old woman, gravida 7, para 2052, was referred for surgical management of a uterine isthmocele after experiencing persistent AUB and chronic pelvic pain despite multiple conservative treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal therapy. The patient expressed a desire to avoid hysterectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preoperative evaluation included a 2-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (2D-TVUS) with saline infusion sonohysterogram (SIS), which revealed a 10-mm echolucent space at the anterior uterine isthmus, confirming the diagnosis of isthmocele. The patient underwent hysteroscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic resection of the isthmocele. ICG fluorescence was utilized to enhance visualization during the procedure. ICG was prepared by mixing a 25 mg vial with 10 cc of sterile water to achieve a 2.5 mg/cc concentration, with 2 cc (5 mg) injected into the uterine cavity via syringe through the inflow port of the uterine manipulator 10 minutes before the surgical incision.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The surgical procedure was successful, with improved residual myometrial thickness observed in follow-up imaging. The patient reported resolution of AUB and pelvic pain two months post-surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates that ICG imaging enhances defect localization and surgical precision, reducing operative time and complications. By optimizing the procedure and minimizing intraoperative challenges, ICG represents a significant advancement in isthmocele repair surgery, offering improved outcomes for complex uterine pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models and women's health: a digital companion for informed decision-making.","authors":"Florian Recker, Ricarda Neubauer, Agnes Wittek, Nadine Scholten","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08065-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00404-025-08065-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, in gynecology and obstetrics has the potential to significantly transform patient care. These AI-driven tools provide continuous access to information on sensitive health topics such as menstruation, contraception, pregnancy, and childbirth, thereby strengthening patient knowledge and autonomy. By offering easily comprehensible medical information at any time, ChatGPT enables patients to better prepare for medical consultations and ask informed questions without hesitation. This fosters a more balanced, partnership-based dialog between patients and healthcare professionals. At the same time, the use of ChatGPT in medicine presents certain limitations and challenges. While it can provide general information, it lacks the ability to assess individual health conditions or support personalized medical decision-making. Additionally, concerns regarding data privacy and the potential for misunderstandings must be carefully considered. As a result, ChatGPT should not replace medical consultations but rather serve as a complementary resource to support patient education and decision-making. Overall, ChatGPT introduces new opportunities for communication in gynecology and obstetrics. Future research and technological advancements may help further refine its capabilities, making it a more tailored and reliable tool for patients while ensuring its safe and responsible integration into healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of growth factors in buffalo ovarian tissue across different follicular developmental stages.","authors":"Seham Samir Soliman, Marwa El-Sheikh, Dalia A Taha, Karima A Hamed, Wagdy K B Khalil","doi":"10.1007/s00404-025-08090-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00404-025-08090-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In assisted reproduction, poor ovarian response to stimulation negatively affects oocyte yield and is influenced by genetic factors.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to quantify the mRNA expression of key growth markers (BMP15, GDF9, OCT4, and FGFR2) in ovarian tissue according to the developmental stages of the follicle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were collected from ovarian tissue. Gene expression levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR. In addition, ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCT4 expression was similar in preantral and small follicles but significantly upregulated in medium and large follicles. GDF9 expression and SOD activity were highest in small follicles (P < 0.05). BMP15 levels were significantly elevated in small and medium follicles compared to preantral follicles but remained unchanged in large follicles (P < 0.05). FGFR2 expression increased progressively with follicle size (P < 0.05). GPx activity was directly proportional to follicle size, with the lowest levels in preantral follicles. Conversely, ROS, MDA, and CAT concentrations decreased as follicle size increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide insights into the molecular regulation of follicular development in buffalo, which could aid in improving reproductive efficiency in assisted reproduction programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8330,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}