Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Physical Performance and Telomere Length in Older Adults","authors":"José Darío Martínez-Ezquerro ,&nbsp;Mauricio Ortiz-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Paola García-de la Torre ,&nbsp;Vanessa González-Covarrubias ,&nbsp;Sergio Sánchez-García","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The aging population prompts studying risk factors and markers to predict healthy aging. Telomere length is a promising candidate for assessing various age-related traits.</p></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><p>To investigate the association between physical performance and telomere length.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We enrolled 323 older Mexican adults from the “Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults” affiliated with the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social and assessed their physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery, dividing participants into low (≤7) and high (&gt;7) groups. Absolute telomere length was determined by qPCR, and individuals were classified into short (≤4.22 kb) and long (&gt;4.22 kb) groups. We calculated the mean and adjusted mean, considering sex and age, among others, with 95% CI. We estimated the effect size between physical performance and telomere length using Cohen's d for unequal group sizes and calculated the odds ratio for physical performance based on telomere length.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants with low physical performance had significantly shorter telomeres (mean _4.14.4_4.7 kb, adjusted mean _3.54.0_4.5 kb, <em>p</em> &lt;0.001), while those with high physical performance exhibited longer telomeres (mean _5.55.7_5.9 kb, adjusted mean _4.75.3_5.8 kb, <em>p</em> &lt;0.001), with a medium-to-high telomere length effect size (d = 0.762). The odds of low physical activity increased _2.13.6_6.1-fold per kb of telomere attrition (adjOR _1.73.3_6.3, <em>p</em> &lt;0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Decreased physical function is associated with shorter telomere length. Absolute telomere length presents a promising biomarker for distinguishing between healthy and unhealthy aging, warranting further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Cells: From Biology to Hematopoietic Transplants and Cellular Therapies","authors":"Hector Mayani","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that are biologically superior to their adult counterparts. UCB cells can be stored for several years without compromising their numbers or function. Today, public and private UCB banks have been established in several countries around the world. After 35 years since the first UCB transplant (UCBT), more than 50,000 UCBTs have been performed worldwide. In pediatric patients, UCBT is comparable to or superior to bone marrow transplantation. In adult patients, UCB can be an alternative source of hematopoietic cells when an HLA-matched unrelated adult donor is not available and when a transplant is urgently needed. Delayed engraftment (due to reduced absolute numbers of hematopoietic cells) and higher costs have led many medical institutions not to consider UCB as a first-line cell source for hematopoietic transplants. As a result, the use of UCB as a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for transplantation has declined over the past decade. Several approaches are being investigated to make UCBTs more efficient, including improving the homing capabilities of primitive UCB cells and increasing the number of hematopoietic cells to be infused. Several of these approaches have already been applied in the clinic with promising results. UCB also contains immune effector cells, including monocytes and various lymphocyte subsets, which, together with stem and progenitor cells, are excellent candidates for the development of cellular therapies for hematological and non-hematological diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemisinin: An Anti-Leishmania Drug that Targets the Leishmania Parasite and Activates Apoptosis of Infected Cells","authors":"Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez ,&nbsp;Laila Gutiérrez-Kobeh ,&nbsp;Arturo A. Wilkins-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Rosalino Vázquez-López","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leishmaniasis is a relevant disease worldwide due to its presence in many countries and an estimated prevalence of 10 million people. The causative agent of this disease is the obligate intracellular parasite <em>Leishmania</em> which can infect different cell types. Part of its success depends on its ability to evade host defense mechanisms such as apoptosis. Apoptosis is a finely programmed process of cell death in which cells silently dismantle and actively participate in several processes such as immune response, differentiation, and cell growth. <em>Leishmania</em> has the ability to delay its initiation to persist in the cell. It has been well documented that different <em>Leishmania</em> species target different pathways that lead to apoptosis of cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. In many cases, the observed anti-apoptotic effect has been associated with a significant reduction in caspase-3 activity. <em>Leishmania</em> has also been shown to target several pathways involved in apoptosis such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Understanding the strategies used by <em>Leishmania</em> to subvert the defense mechanisms of host cells, particularly apoptosis, is very relevant for the development of therapies and vaccines. In recent years, the drug artemisinin has been shown to be effective against several parasitic diseases. Its role against <em>Leishmania</em> may be promising. In this review, we provide important aspects of the disease, the strategies used by the parasite to suppress apoptosis, and the role of artemisinin in <em>Leishmania</em> infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Potential Target to Improve Cognitive Impairment in Aging","authors":"Selma Karime Castillo-Vazquez ,&nbsp;Lourdes Massieu ,&nbsp;Ruth Rincón-Heredia ,&nbsp;Paola García-delaTorre ,&nbsp;Ricardo Quiroz-Baez ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan ,&nbsp;Nadia Alejandra Rivero-Segura","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aging is characterized by the decline in many of the individual's capabilities. It has been recognized that the brain undergoes structural and functional changes during aging that are occasionally associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this sense, altered glutamatergic neurotransmission, which involves the release, binding, reuptake, and degradation of glutamate (Glu) in the brain, has been widely studied in physiological and pathophysiological aging. In particular, changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission are exacerbated during neurodegenerative diseases and are associated with cognitive impairment, characterized by difficulties in memory, learning, concentration, and decision-making. Thus, in the present manuscript, we aim to highlight the relevance of glutamatergic neurotransmission during cognitive impairment to develop novel strategies to prevent, ameliorate, or delay cognitive decline. To achieve this goal, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes reported in glutamatergic neurotransmission components, such as Glu transporters and receptors during physiological aging and in the most studied neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we describe the current therapeutic strategies developed to target glutamatergic neurotransmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Countering Zoonotic Diseases: Current Scenario and Advances in Diagnostics, Monitoring, Prophylaxis and Therapeutic Strategies","authors":"Saurabh Gupta ,&nbsp;Rasanpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Jagdip Singh Sohal ,&nbsp;Shoor Vir Singh ,&nbsp;Kaushik Das ,&nbsp;Manish Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Jitendra Singh ,&nbsp;Shalini Sharma ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Dhama","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human life and health have interacted reciprocally with the surrounding environment and animal fauna for ages. This relationship is evident in developing nations, where human life depends more on the animal population for food, transportation, clothing, draft power, and fuel sources, among others. This inseparable link is a potent source of public health issues, especially in outbreaks of zoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans. Zoonotic diseases are referred to as diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. Among the globally emerging diseases in the last decade, 75% are of animal origin, most of which are life-threatening. Since most of them are caused by potent new pathogens capable of long-distance transmission, the impact is widespread and has serious public health and economic consequences. Various other factors also contribute to the transmission, spread, and outbreak of zoonotic diseases, among which industrialization-led globalization followed by ecological disruption and climate change play a critical role. In this regard, all the possible strategies, including advances in rapid and confirmatory disease diagnosis and surveillance/monitoring, immunization/vaccination, therapeutic approaches, appropriate prevention and control measures to be adapted, and awareness programs, need to be adopted collaboratively among different health sectors in medical, veterinary, and concerned departments to implement the necessary interventions for the effective restriction, minimization, and timely control of zoonotic threats. The present review focuses on the current scenario of zoonotic diseases and their counteracting approaches to safeguard their health impact on humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103037"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterans Affairs Caribbean Health Care System: Recommendations to Strengthen Age-Friendly Health Systems in the Post-Pandemic Caribbean","authors":"Traben Pleasant,&nbsp;Brooke Jespersen","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 6","pages":"Article 103036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Novel Frontier in the Use of Epigenetic Clocks in Epidemiology","authors":"José Jaime Martínez-Magaña ,&nbsp;Jorge Hurtado-Soriano ,&nbsp;Nadia Alejandra Rivero-Segura ,&nbsp;Janitza L. Montalvo-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Paola Garcia-delaTorre ,&nbsp;Kristhian Becerril-Rojas ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Health problems associated with aging are a major public health concern for the future. Aging is a complex process with wide intervariability among individuals. Therefore, there is a need for innovative public health strategies that target factors associated with aging and the development of tools to assess the effectiveness of these strategies accurately. Novel approaches to measure biological age, such as epigenetic clocks, have become relevant. These clocks use non-sequential variable information from the genome and employ mathematical algorithms to estimate biological age based on DNA methylation levels. Therefore, in the present study, we comprehensively review the current status of the epigenetic clocks and their associations across the human phenome. We emphasize the potential utility of these tools in an epidemiological context, particularly in evaluating the impact of public health interventions focused on promoting healthy aging. Our review describes associations between epigenetic clocks and multiple traits across the life and health span. Additionally, we highlighted the evolution of studies beyond mere associations to establish causal mechanisms between epigenetic age and disease. We explored the application of epigenetic clocks to measure the efficacy of interventions focusing on rejuvenation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 5","pages":"Article 103033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bariatric Surgery Effect on the Crosstalk of PAI-1 and PCSK9 to Regulate the Metabolic Changes in Patients with Obesity","authors":"Violeta Castro-Leyva ,&nbsp;Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ,&nbsp;Norma Eleane Basurto-Acevedo ,&nbsp;Lourdes Basurto ,&nbsp;Antonio González-Chávez ,&nbsp;Edith Ruiz-Gastelum ,&nbsp;Carlos Martínez-Murillo","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Adiposity favors several metabolic disorders with an exacerbated chronic pro-inflammatory status and tissue damage, with high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To demonstrate the influence of bariatric surgery on the crosstalk between PAI-1 and PCSK9 to regulate metabolic markers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Observational and longitudinal study of 190 patients with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities who underwent bariatric surgery. We measured, before and after bariatric surgery, the anthropometric variables and we performed biochemical analysis by standard methods (glucose, insulin, triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and TG/HDL-C ratio, PAI-1 and PCSK9 were measured by ELISA).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PAI-1 levels decreased significantly after bariatric surgery, and were positively correlated with lipids, glucose, and TG, with significance on PCSK9 and TG/HDL-C alleviating the insulin resistance (IR) and inducing a state reversal of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a significant decrease in body weight and BMI (<em>p</em> &lt;0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis predicted a functional model in which PAI-1 acts as a regulator of PCSK9 (<em>p</em> &lt;0.002), TG (<em>p</em> &lt;0.05), and BMI; at the same time, PCSK9 modulates LDL-C HDL-C and PAI-1.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>After bariatric surgery, we found a positive association and crosstalk between PAI-1 and PCSK9, which modulates the delicate balance of cholesterol, favoring the decrease of circulating lipids, TG, and PAI-1, which influences the glucose levels with amelioration of IR and T2D, demonstrating the crosstalk between fibrinolysis and lipid metabolism, the two main factors involved in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in human obesity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 5","pages":"Article 103032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of S100β in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris: Insights from Quantitative Flow Ratio","authors":"Zhihao Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Fuding Guo ,&nbsp;Tianyou Xu ,&nbsp;Fu Yu ,&nbsp;Qiang Deng ,&nbsp;Wuping Tan ,&nbsp;Shoupeng Duan ,&nbsp;Lingpeng Song ,&nbsp;Yijun Wang ,&nbsp;Ji Sun ,&nbsp;Liping Zhou ,&nbsp;Yueyi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao Xia ,&nbsp;Hong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><p>Disturbed autonomic nervous system (ANS) may promote inflammatory, immune, and oxidative stress responses, which may increase the risk of acute coronary events. S100β has been proposed as a biomarker of neuronal injury that would provide an insightful understanding of the crosstalk between the ANS, immune-inflammatory cells, and plaques that drive atherosclerosis. This study investigates the correlation between S100β, and functional coronary stenosis as determined by quantitative flow ratio (QFR).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) scheduled for coronary angiography and QFR were retrospectively enrolled. Serum S100β levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Gensini score was used to estimate the extent of atherosclerotic lesions and the cumulative sum of three-vessel QFR (3V-QFR) was calculated to estimate the total atherosclerotic burden.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two hundred thirty-three patients were included in this study. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that S100β&gt;33.28 pg/mL predicted functional ischemia in patients with UAP. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that a higher level of S100β was independently correlated with a functional ischemia-driven target vessel (QFR ≤0.8). This was also closely correlated with the severity of coronary lesions, as measured by the Gensini score (OR = 5.058, 95% CI: 2.912–8.793, <em>p</em> &lt;0.001). According to 3V-QFR, S100β is inversely associated with total atherosclerosis burden (B = –0.002, <em>p</em> &lt;0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>S100β was elevated in the functional ischemia stages of UAP. It was independently associated with coronary lesion severity as assessed by Gensini score and total atherosclerosis burden as estimated by 3V-QFR in patients with UAP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 5","pages":"Article 103034"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Comment on “Effect of Fibrate Treatment on Circulating Adipokine Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials”","authors":"LUIS E. SIMENTAL-MENDÍA ,&nbsp;MARIO SIMENTAL-MENDÍA ,&nbsp;AMIRHOSSEIN SAHEBKAR ,&nbsp;TANNAZ JAMIALAHMADI","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 5","pages":"Article 103028"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141439310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}