Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Apoplexy, A True Endocrine Emergency","authors":"Alberto Moscona-Nissan,&nbsp;Jessica Sidauy-Adissi,&nbsp;Karla Ximena Hermoso-Mier,&nbsp;Shimon Shlomo Glick-Betech,&nbsp;Leonel de Jesús Chávez-Vera,&nbsp;Florencia Martinez-Mendoza,&nbsp;Oscar Mario Delgado-Casillas,&nbsp;Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano,&nbsp;Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Moisés Mercado","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical syndrome resulting from a hemorrhagic infarction of the pituitary gland. It is characterized by the sudden onset of visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, headache and occasionally, signs of meningeal irritation and an altered mental status. The exact pathogenesis of PA remains to be elucidated, although tumor overgrowth of its blood supply remains the most popular theory. Main risk factors for the development of PA include systemic, iatrogenic, and external factors as well as the presence of an underlying pituitary tumor. The diagnostic approach of PA includes both neuroimaging and evaluation of pituitary secretory function.</p><p>PA is a potentially life-threatening condition which should be managed with hemodynamic stabilization, correction of electrolyte abnormalities and replacement of hormonal deficiencies. PA treatment should be individualized based on the severity of the clinical picture which may vary widely. Treatment options include conservative management with periodic follow-up or neurosurgical intervention, which should be decided by a multidisciplinary team. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to unveil the frequency of PA predisposing factors, clinical and biochemical presentations, management strategies and outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin Improves Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Geriatric Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Rizwan Qaisar ,&nbsp;Asima Karim ,&nbsp;Tahir Muhammad ,&nbsp;M. Shahid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Firdos Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Metformin protects against age-related muscle decline, termed sarcopenia. However, the effects on sarcopenia quality-of-life (SarQoL) are unknown. We investigated the effects of metformin on SarQoL and associated mechanisms in older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial included geriatric adult men, divided into non-sarcopenic controls (age = 72.2 ± 4.3 years, <em>n</em> = 52) and two groups of patients with sarcopenia randomized into placebo (age at baseline = 74.4 ± 5.7 years, <em>n</em> = 54) and metformin (age at baseline = 71.2 ± 3.9 years, <em>n</em> = 47) groups. Patients in the metformin group received 1.7 grams twice daily for four months. We evaluated SarQoL, handgrip strength (HGS), plasma zonulin, c-reactive protein (CRP), and 8-isoprostanes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with sarcopenia had lower HGS and SarQoL than controls (both <em>p</em> &lt;0.05). Metformin improved the HGS and the SarQoL domains related to physical and mental health, locomotion, and leisure activities, as well as cumulative SarQoL scores (all <em>p</em> &lt;0.05). Metformin also prevented the decline in the SarQoL domains for functionality and fear. Among plasma biomarkers, metformin reduced the levels of zonulin, CRP, 8-isoprostanes, and creatine kinase. We also found a significant correlation of plasma zonulin with cumulative SarQoL in patients with sarcopenia taking metformin, suggesting a role for intestinal repair in improving SarQoL. Finally, metformin did not affect body composition and gait speed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, metformin improved HGS and SarQoL by repairing intestinal leakage. Our data have clinical relevance for improving the quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor, Cognitive, and Behavioral Impairment in TLR3 and TLR9 Deficient Male Mice: Insights into the Non-Immunological Roles of Toll-Like Receptors","authors":"Héctor Vargas-Calderón ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ortega-Robles ,&nbsp;Luisa Rocha ,&nbsp;Philipp Yu ,&nbsp;Oscar Arias-Carrión","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in initiating the innate immune response to infection or injury. Recent studies have uncovered their intriguing functions as moonlighting proteins involved in various biological processes, including development, learning, and memory. However, the specific functions of individual TLRs are still largely unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>We investigated the effects of TLR3 and TLR9 receptor deficiency on motor, cognitive, and behavioral functions during development using genetically modified male mice of different ages.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We evaluated the motor coordination, anxiety-like behavior, spatial learning, and working memory of male mice lacking the TLR3 and TLR9 genes at different ages (two, four, six, and eight months) using the rotarod, open field, water maze, and T-maze tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed that the deletion of either TLR3 or TLR9 resulted in impaired motor performance. Furthermore, young TLR3-deficient mice exhibited reduced anxiety-like behavior and spatial learning deficits; however, their working memory was unaffected. In contrast, young TLR9-knockout mice showed hyperactivity and a tendency toward decreased working memory.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings provide valuable insights into the broader roles of the TLR system beyond the innate immune response, revealing its involvement in pathways associated with the central nervous system. Importantly, our results establish a strong association between the endosomal receptors TLR3 and TLR9 and the performance of motor, cognitive, and behavioral tasks that change over time. This study contributes to the growing body of research on the multifaceted functions of TLRs and enhances our understanding of their participation in non-immune-related processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening the General Population for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Model Development and Validation","authors":"Tanya Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Babak Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. Screening the general population for this may help to select appropriate diagnostic and preventive measures before disease progression.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>We aimed to develop a screening method to identify patients with NAFLD in the general population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed cross-sectional data from a large Japanese study of NAFLD. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the data. Candidate predictors were patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. The resulting model was externally validated using three data sets from different populations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 15,464 (54.5% men) included patients, 2,741 (17.7%) had NAFLD as determined by ultrasonography. An index was calculated as the arithmetic mean of the scaled body mass index and serum triglyceride levels for both men and women. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and false positive rate were 0.875, 0.824, 0.770, and 17.6%, respectively. The mean index values were significantly different between the patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (<em>p</em> &lt;0.001). The odds ratio of the index cutoff was 15.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]:14.05, 17.39). The model yielded areas under the curve of 0.828, 0.851, and 0.836 for a Chinese (N = 2,319), an Iranian (N = 2,160), and a Brazilian (N = 45,029) data set, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The proposed composite index demonstrated high performance and generalizability, suggesting its potential use as a screening tool for NAFLD in the general population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of Physical and Mental Health for Prediction of Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study from 15 European Countries","authors":"M. Azhar Hussain ,&nbsp;Rizwan Qaisar ,&nbsp;Asima Karim ,&nbsp;Firdos Ahmad ,&nbsp;Fabio Franzese ,&nbsp;Saad M. Alsaad ,&nbsp;Abeer A. Al-Masri ,&nbsp;Shaea A. Alkahtani","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is critical for optimal treatment. However, the predictive potential of physical and mental health in PD is poorly characterized.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We evaluated the potential of multiple demographic, physical, and mental factors in predicting the future onset of PD in older adults aged 50 years or older from 15 European countries. Individual study participants were followed over four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2013–2020.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 57,980 study participants, 442 developed PD during the study period. We identified male sex and advancing age from the sixth decade of life onward as significant predictors of future PD. Among physical factors, a low handgrip strength (HGS; men &lt;27 kg, women &lt;16 kg), being bothered by frailty, and recent falls were significantly associated with future PD. Among mental factors, a higher depression (Euro-D depression score &gt;6) emerged as an independent predictor of future PD. Finally, the presence of hypertension or Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases the risk of future PD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Altogether, male sex, advancing age, low HGS, frailty, depression, hypertension, and AD were identified as critical risk factors for future PD. Our results may be useful in the early identification and treatment of populations at risk for PD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140180028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Due to the Founder Effect of the LDLR c.2271del Variant in Communities of Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Perla Graciela Rodríguez-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores ,&nbsp;Paola Montserrat Zepeda-Olmos ,&nbsp;Christian Daniel Reyes-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Kiabeth Robles-Espinoza ,&nbsp;Ulises Solís-Gómez ,&nbsp;Juan Ramón González-García ,&nbsp;María Teresa Magaña-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In Mexico, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is underdiagnosed, but population screening in small communities where at least one homozygous patient has already been detected results in a useful and inexpensive approach to reduce this problem. Considering that we previously reported nine homozygous cases from the state of Oaxaca, we decided to perform a population screening to identify patients with FH and to describe both their biochemical and genetic characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>LDL cholesterol (LDLc) was quantified in 2,093 individuals from 11 communities in Oaxaca; either adults with LDLc levels ≥170 mg/dL or children with LDLc ≥130 mg/dL were classified as suggestive of FH and therefore included in the genetic study. <em>LDLR</em> and <em>APOB</em> (547bp fragment of exon 26) genes were screened by sequencing and MLPA analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two hundred and five individuals had suggestive FH, with a mean LDLc of 223 ± 54 mg/dL (range: 131–383 mg/dL). Two pathogenic variants in the <em>LDLR</em> gene were detected in 149 individuals: c.-139_-130del (<em>n</em> = 1) and c.2271del (<em>n</em> = 148). All patients had a heterozygous genotype. With the cascade screening of their relatives (<em>n</em> = 177), 15 heterozygous individuals for the c.2271del variant were identified, presenting a mean LDLc of 133 ± 35 mg/dL (range: 60–168 mg/dL).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The FH frequency in this study was 7.8% (164/2093), the highest reported worldwide. A founder effect combined with inbreeding could be responsible for the high percentage of patients with the <em>LDLR</em> c.2271del variant (99.4%), which allowed us to detect both significant biochemical heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance; hence, we assumed the presence of phenotype-modifying variants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140179633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Angiotensin II in Non-Alcoholic Steatosis Development","authors":"Zimri Aziel Alvarado-Ojeda ,&nbsp;Celeste Trejo-Moreno ,&nbsp;Eduardo Ferat-Osorio ,&nbsp;Marisol Méndez-Martínez ,&nbsp;Gladis Fragoso ,&nbsp;Gabriela Rosas-Salgado","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatty liver is a multifactorial disease characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes (steatosis), insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This disease has a major public health impact because it is the first stage of a chronic and degenerative process in the liver that can lead to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Although this disease is mainly diagnosed in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, recent evidence indicates that vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II (ANGII) not only promote endothelial dysfunction (ED) and hypertension, but also cause fatty liver, increase adipose tissue, and develop a pro-steatotic environment characterized by a low-grade systemic pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state, with elevated blood lipid levels. The role of ANGII in lipid accumulation has been little studied, so this review aims to summarize existing reports on the possible mechanism of action of ANGII in inducing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Ischemia-Reperfusion Responses in the Hearts of Aged Male and Female Offspring of Obese Rats","authors":"Carlos A. Ibáñez ,&nbsp;Francisco Correa ,&nbsp;Gabriela Lira-León ,&nbsp;Luis A. Reyes-Castro ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Roldán ,&nbsp;Alejandro Silva-Palacios ,&nbsp;Mabel Buelna-Chontal ,&nbsp;Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González ,&nbsp;Peter W. Nathanielsz ,&nbsp;Cecilia Zazueta ,&nbsp;Elena Zambrano","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maternal obesity predisposes offspring (F1) to cardiovascular disease. To evaluate basal heart function and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) responses in F1 males and females of obese mothers, female Wistar rats (F0) were fed chow or an obesogenic (MO) diet from weaning through pregnancy and lactation. Non-sibling F1 males and females were weaned to chow at postnatal day (PND) 21 and euthanized at PND 550. Offspring of MO mothers (MOF1) rarely survive beyond PND 650. Hearts were immediately isolated from euthanized F1s and subjected to 30 min ischemia with 20 min reperfusion. Retroperitoneal fat, serum triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance were measured. Baseline left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was lower in male and female MOF1 than in controls. After global ischemia, LVDP in control (C) male and female F1 recovered 78 and 83%, respectively, while recovery in MO male and female F1 was significantly lower at 28 and 52%, respectively. Following the IR challenge, MO hearts showed a higher functional susceptibility to reperfusion injury, resulting in lower cardiac reserve than controls in both sexes. Female hearts were more resistant to IR. Retroperitoneal fat was increased in male MOF1 vs. CF1. Circulating triglycerides and insulin resistance were increased in male and female MOF1 vs. CF1. These data show that MO programming reduces F1 cardiac reserve associated with age-related insulin resistance in a sex-specific manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherogenic Index as a Cardiovascular Biomarker in Mexican Workers from Marginalized Urban Areas Occupationally Exposed to Metals","authors":"Juan Carlos Fernández-Macías ,&nbsp;Laura Sherell Marín-Jauregui ,&nbsp;Karen Beatriz Méndez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Ana Patricia Huerta-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. The etiology of CVD is often associated with multiple risk factors, with environmental factors receiving considerable attention. Individuals with precarious jobs are among the groups most affected by chronic exposure to environmental pollutants.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study aimed to evaluate occupational exposure to heavy metals among individuals in precarious job settings and investigate atherogenic indices as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 137 workers participated in this cross-sectional study conducted in three work environments in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Urine and blood samples were collected to assess metal exposure and biochemical profiles, including atherogenic indices.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed that workers in the brick sector exhibited the highest levels of metal exposure, particularly arsenic (44.06 µg/L), followed by stonecutters and garbage collectors (24.7 and 16.9 µg/L, respectively). Similarly, Castelli risk index (CRI) and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were higher in brickmakers (3.883 and 0.499) compared to stonecutters (3.285 and 0.386) and garbage collectors (3.329 and 0.367).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Evidence of exposure to heavy metals was observed in the three populations, in addition to the fact that individuals with greater exposure to arsenic also exhibited higher CRI and AIP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of High Sodium Intake on Gut Tight Junctions’ Structure and Permeability to Bacterial Toxins in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"María de la Luz Villela-Torres ,&nbsp;María-del-Carmen Prado-Uribe ,&nbsp;Marcela Ávila Díaz ,&nbsp;Héctor Quezada Pablo ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Soria-Castro ,&nbsp;Nuria Esturau Escofet ,&nbsp;Catalina Elizabeth Flores Maldonado ,&nbsp;Ramón Paniagua","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Uremic toxicity changes the gut structure and permeability, allowing bacterial toxins to translocate from the lumen to the blood during chronic kidney failure (CKD). Clinical fluid overload and tissue edema without uremia have similar effects but have not been adequately demonstrated and analyzed in CKD.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To investigate the effect of sodium intake on the plasma concentration of gut-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and the expression of genes and proteins of epithelial gut tight junctions in a rat model of CKD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sham-operated (control group, CG) and five-sixths nephrectomized (5/6Nx) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to low (LNa), normal (NNa), or high sodium (HNa) diets., Animals were then sacrificed at 8 and 12 weeks and analyzed for IS and pCS plasma concentrations, as well as for gene and protein expression of thigh junction proteins, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in colon fragments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The HNa 5/6Nx groups had higher concentrations of IS and pCS than CG, NNa, and LNa at eight and twelve weeks. Furthermore, HNa 5/6Nx groups had reduced expression of the claudin-4 gene and protein than CG, NNa, and LNa. HNa had reduced occludin gene expression compared to CG. Occludin protein expression was more reduced in HNa than in CG, NNa, and LNa. The gut epithelial tight junctions appear dilated in HNa compared to NNa and LNa in TEM.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Dietary sodium intake and fluid overload have a significant role in gut epithelial permeability in the CKD model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}