Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Galectins: A New Frontier in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Research","authors":"Huda Saleem Hantoosh Hameed Al-khalidy ,&nbsp;Wafaa Hazim Salih ,&nbsp;Batool Mutar Mahdi","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic condition characterized by abnormal reflux and regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide and poses a high economic burden.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To explore the potential correlation between galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-8, galectin-9, and GERD, highlighting their potential role as biomarkers in disease diagnosis, and pathogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 patients with GERD disease and 40 healthy control subjects from January 2023–May 2024 at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital-Gastroenterology Unit. Venous blood was collected from patients and controls. Serums of both groups were quantified for galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-8, and galectin-9 using a human ELISA kit.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Galectin-1 showed no statistically significant difference in the median levels between patients with GERD and controls (<em>p</em> = 0.567). A significant difference was found in the median levels of galectin-3, with higher levels in patients with GERD compared to controls (<em>p</em> = 0.0037). The most significant was galectin-3, AUC = 0.684 (95% CI: 0.570–0.784), <em>p</em> = 0.003, had a significant moderate discriminatory ability in differentiating between patients with GERD and healthy controls with cutoff value &lt;13.682, sensitivity = 74.4%, specificity = 55%, and accuracy = 61.7%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study suggests that serum galectin-3 is the best potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for the prediction and identification of GERD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predominance of FQR1 NAP1/RT027 Clostridioides difficile Among Mexican Children and Adult Patients, and its Resistance to Eleven Antibiotics","authors":"Emmanuel Aguilar-Zamora ,&nbsp;Cesar Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Javier Torres ,&nbsp;Nayeli Ortiz-Olvera ,&nbsp;Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores ,&nbsp;Lourdes Flores-Luna ,&nbsp;Carlos Quesada-Gómez ,&nbsp;Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. This study investigated the diversity, clonality, and antimicrobial resistance of <em>C. difficile</em> isolates from Mexican children and adults with diarrhea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between 2014 and 2016<em>,</em> we isolated 37 <em>C. difficile</em> strains in three hospitals in Mexico City. <em>C. difficile</em> strains were typed by PCR-ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antimicrobial susceptibility to eleven antibiotics was determined. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) and perform a pangenome analysis of 53 genomes from Mexico and 137 publicly available <em>C. difficile</em> genomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Toxigenic strains comprised six isolates from children and 31 from adults. While NAP1/RT027 isolates were found in three children, they were predominant in adults (<em>n</em> = 31, 90.3 %) and showed the 1058 and 008 PFGE macrorestriction patterns. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole but resistant to ciprofloxacin, and over 90 % of the isolates were resistant to linezolid and carried <em>cfr</em>(E). The pangenome of these isolates contained 4,852 genes, of which 3,455 (81.2 %) were categorized as core genes and 801 (18.8 %) as accessory genes. In addition, our isolates demonstrated a close relationship with strains from the United States, Canada, and France.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our work provides, for the first time, genomic insights into <em>C. difficile</em> strains present in Mexico. In our hospital setting, the predominant strains were primarily NAP1/RT027 and exhibited resistance to linezolid, a pattern observed in both pediatric and adult populations. This unique combination of characteristics has not been previously reported in Latin America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicle-based Delivery of Paclitaxel to Lung Cancer Cells: Uptake, Anticancer Effects, Autophagy and Mitophagy Pathways","authors":"Shabnam Pirnezhad Talatapeh ,&nbsp;Jafar Rezaie ,&nbsp;Vahid Nejati","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Due to their unique properties, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising nanocarriers for exogenous drug delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We prepared a drug delivery system based on large EVs (LEVs) containing paclitaxel (PTX) (LEVs-PTX) to investigate anticancer effects on lung cancer cells with a focus on autophagy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>LEVs-PTX were isolated from lung cancer cells by ultracentrifugation and characterized using different techniques. Rhodamine B dye (Rh B) was used to label LEVs-PTX for cell tracking. MTT assay was performed to investigate the cellular toxicity of PTX and LEVs-PTX for 24 h and 48 h. The uptake of LEVs-PTX was monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy in breast and lung cancer cells. A colorimetric assay was performed to evaluate apoptosis, while Western blotting assays were used to investigate autophagy proteins. Real-time PCR was used to measure mitophagy genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Characterization techniques showed that LEVs were isolated and loaded with PTX. Rh B labeled LEVs, which was confirmed by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the lung and breast cancer cells had captured LEVs. Cell viability was decreased in LEVs-PTX cells which coincided with an increase in caspase-3 activity in LEVs-PTX cells. The Beclin-1 protein level and LC3 II/I ratio decreased, while the P62 protein level was increased in LEVs-PTX cells. The mitophagy genes such as Pink-1 and Parkin were upregulated in LEVs-PTX cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The data show that LEVs-PTX induced apoptosis, which inhibited the autophagy pathway and increased mitophagy markers, suggesting damage to cell organelles through intracellular delivery of PTX.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143357048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the General Work Stress Scale in Mexican Medical Residents","authors":"Hid Felizardo Cordero-Franco ,&nbsp;Ana María Salinas-Martínez ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Guzmán-de la Garza","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The General Work Stress Scale (GWSS) explores how a worker's feelings, thoughts, and motivations are affected by work pressure. We aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the GWSS in Mexican medical residents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional study of medical residents of all specialties in a public health institution in Nuevo León, Mexico. They were invited to participate by filling out an anonymous and voluntary online questionnaire (<em>n</em> = 772). Content validity (relevance and usefulness) was evaluated using the Lawshe index (LCVI), while construct validity was assessed with exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis. The CFA fit indices were RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation), the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). The Spearman correlation coefficient between the GWSS and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) was estimated for concurrent validity and Cronbach's α for reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The GWSS showed content validity (LCVI 0.96 ± 0.08 and 0.90 ± 0.10 for relevance and usefulness, respectively). The EFA showed a unifactorial structure (74.3 % of the variance). The CFA showed a good fit (RMSEA = 0.122 (95 % CI 0.105, 0.140), CFI = 0.958, TLI = 0.942 and SRMR = 0.028). A Cronbach's α of 0.96 and a correlation of 0.65 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) were obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Spanish version of the GWSS showed content, construct, and concurrent validity, as well as reliability in Mexican medical residents. Testing the GWSS in other specialties and the private sector is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 3","pages":"Article 103196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging communities in health promotion through community-based primary care and participatory research during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia","authors":"Christine Leyns ,&nbsp;Carla Ascarrunz ,&nbsp;Shirley Rasguido ,&nbsp;Patricia Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Daniel Eid ,&nbsp;Javier Guitian","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Most people in low- and middle-income countries work in the informal sector and lack social protection. In Bolivia, the unified family, community, and intercultural health model established universal health coverage for informal workers and their families in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic, which occurred soon after, exposed both the vulnerabilities and the strengths of this health policy.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To describe the community-based design of a health promotion strategy based on people-centered and participatory research within a vulnerable community of informal market vendors during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>As part of participatory action research during the COVID-19 pandemic, market vendors collaborated with a multidisciplinary research team, local authorities, and the health network to promote health and safety in their markets. Market vendors developed a health promotion strategy facilitated by a highly structured mixed qualitative-quantitative concept mapping approach and reached a consensus on an operational health strategy with measurable goals, actions, timelines, and actors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A community health diagnosis together with health education and individualized clinical care, created a common understanding of health and built trust between the community and the research/health team. Market vendors identified health needs related to care access, self-care, market organization, and the social determinants of health, including strategies to prevent infections, reduce cardiometabolic risk, and improve mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Effective strategies to promote health or to manage health crises such as a pandemic can be developed by organized communities in primary care supported by individual and collective health data, health education, and the integration of social scientists, epidemiologists, and health professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 3","pages":"Article 103154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Comment on “Features and Allele Frequency of JAK2 Exon 12-mutated Polycythemia Vera and a Comparison With JAK2V617F-mutated Disease”","authors":"Chin-Hsuan Chuang ,&nbsp;Ming-Chung Kuo ,&nbsp;Lee-Yung Shih","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of secondary fractures after implementation of different models of FLS secondary prevention programs: Scoping review","authors":"Patricia Clark ,&nbsp;Lucía Méndez-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Eliseo Ramírez-García ,&nbsp;Sergio Sánchez-García ,&nbsp;Adriana Medina ,&nbsp;Juan Humberto Medina Chávez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As the number of programs aimed at preventing fragility fractures and mitigating the phenomenon of cascade fractures is increasing worldwide, so it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of such programs to seek their feasible implementation at regional and global levels.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This paper aims to provide an overview focusing on the incidence of secondary fractures after the implementation of any type of fracture liaison service (FLS). To this end, a scoping review was conducted focusing on the identification of clinical evidence reported in systematic reviews of the medical literature in this area.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 230 titles were obtained through structured searches in four electronic libraries (updated to September 2023), from which a total of 11 systematic reviews were selected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Tables of methodological characteristics were developed. Different programs such as orthogeriatric units, educational strategies, exercise strategies, screening strategies using DXA or FRAX, and specialist intervention by orthopedic specialists or osteoporosis nurses were found in 20 different countries. The reported incidence of secondary fractures varies between populations and strategies compared depending on the data collected and the type of methodological design used. The incidence of secondary fractures in these 11 systematic reviews ranged from 0 to 37 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The incidence by intervention is described in the Supplementary Tables of the primary studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 2","pages":"Article 103121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective cohort study on COVID-19 reinfections and associated factors during six waves of the pandemic in Mexico","authors":"Iván de Jesús Ascencio-Montiel ,&nbsp;Susana Isabel Suárez-Domínguez ,&nbsp;Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco ,&nbsp;Alejandro Alonso-Molina ,&nbsp;Gerardo Chowell ,&nbsp;Célida Duque-Molina ,&nbsp;Víctor Hugo Borja-Aburto","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Monitoring reinfections helps predict peaks, variant emergence, and immunity trends. While reinfection rates between 3 and 31 % have been reported, a better understanding of their variation in different geographical areas could guide prevention and vaccination efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study examines the incidence of COVID-19 reinfection and associated factors in Mexico over six pandemic waves. Rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2 generates variants that affect reinfection rates and population immunity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective cohort study, data from 3,236,259 primary infections were analyzed, and 212,892 reinfections were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sex, age, vaccination status, and initial infection severity were found to be significant predictors of reinfection. Furthermore, the risk of reinfection decreased with wave progression, especially for those infected during the first wave. Reduced risk of reinfection after hospitalization suggests improved exposure prevention. Results indicated increased reinfection rates during the Omicron wave, particularly for those who were originally infected during the first wave, with women and middle-aged groups at higher risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results highlight the intricate relationship between viral evolution, immunity, and demographics, which is crucial for effective pandemic management and vaccination strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 on X-ray radiation-induced intestinal damage via oxidative stress and apoptosis","authors":"Mikail Uyan ,&nbsp;Hamit Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Levent Tümkaya ,&nbsp;Zehra Topal Suzan ,&nbsp;Tolga Mercantepe","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The World Health Organization reported that cancer was the cause of death for 9.7 million people in 2022, and the numbers continue to rise every day. The present study examines the potential radioprotective effects of ubiquinone against x-ray radiation-induced intestinal damage and offers insight into new near-future methods for the treatment of radiation-induced tissue toxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I (control) received no treatment during the experiment; Group II (IR [a single dose of 2 Gy pelvic/abdominal ionizing radiation]) received radiation only; Group III (a low dose of CoQ10 [30 mg/kg CoQ10 by oral gavage for 7 d] + IR) and Group IV (a high dose of CoQ10 [150 mg/kg CoQ10 by oral gavage for 7 d] + IR). The rats were sacrificed 24 h after x-ray radiation, and tissues were collected from the small intestine and subjected to histochemical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diffuse villous fusion, enterocyte loss, hemorrhagic areas, inflammation, and fibrosis were observed in the IR group, as well as an increase in apoptotic enterocytes. In contrast, a decrease was observed in the IR+LD-CoQ10 and IR+HD-CoQ10 groups, along with a decrease, especially in villous fusion and enterocyte loss, hemorrhagic areas, inflammation, and fibrosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CoQ10 was found to reduce duodenal damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by x-ray radiation exposure and had a radioprotective effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Analysis of the Transition Between Multimorbidity and Mortality Patterns from a Syndemic Perspective","authors":"Dolores Mino-León ,&nbsp;Guillermo Salinas-Escudero ,&nbsp;Sergio Sánchez-García ,&nbsp;Abigail Vanessa Rojas-Huerta ,&nbsp;Hortensia Reyes-Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Longitudinal analysis of multimorbidity (MM) from a holistic approach to the aging population is necessary to guide medical care.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To estimate the probability of transition between different MM patterns and the “death” stage and to characterize the socioeconomic, health, behavioral, and functional dimensions of MM patterns from a syndemic perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort of 7,120 people ≥50 from the Mexican Health and Aging Study and mortality data at 11 and 17 years of follow-up were analyzed using the latent class approach. MM was defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases (CDs). Socioeconomic, health, behavioral, and functional indicators were registered. Descriptive analysis, latent class analysis, and Markov chain models were carried out.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The model included three latent classes: “healthy” (low probability of CD); “multi-organic” (high probability of hypertension, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, and myocardial infarction); and “sensitive-emotional, mental, neurological” (high probability of chronic pain, depression, and cognitive impairment). At the first follow-up, people in the “multi-organic” class were more likely to move on to death, and at the second follow-up, they were in the “sensitive-emotional, mental, neurological” class. In addition, the characteristic profiles of the indicators for each latent class were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The probabilities of transition between the three classes of MM and death, as well as the socioeconomic, behavioral, and functional dimensions in those over 50 years of age, revealed, from a syndemic perspective, the variability in the likelihood of progressing toward an unfavorable outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}