Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Retraction Notice to: ALDH2 Glu504Lys Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction in East Asians: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Jian-yong Gu ,&nbsp;Li-wen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (<span>https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p><p>This article has been retracted at the request of the Editorial Board of the Archives of Medical Research after receiving a complaint reporting that the article was based on an unreliable or non-existent statistical method. After analyzing the complaint and carefully reviewing the article, the Editorial Board contacted the corresponding author following due process and received no response. The Editorial Board no longer has confidence in the article and therefore decided to retract the article. Apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the review process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0188440924000699/pdfft?md5=0dc1f05c20e4ff62c38cdb2dceb18a56&pid=1-s2.0-S0188440924000699-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serendipitous Adrenal Hyperplasia in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department for Suspected SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Linked to Increased Mortality","authors":"Giuseppe Reimondo ,&nbsp;Federica Solitro ,&nbsp;Soraya Puglisi ,&nbsp;Maurizio Balbi ,&nbsp;Giorgio Maria Tiranti ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Elena Perini ,&nbsp;Alessandra Cultrera ,&nbsp;Dalila Brero ,&nbsp;Cristina Botto ,&nbsp;Paola Perotti ,&nbsp;Valeria Caramello ,&nbsp;Adriana Boccuzzi ,&nbsp;Anna Pia ,&nbsp;Andrea Veltri ,&nbsp;Massimo Terzolo","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Few data are available on adrenal morphology in patients with acute diseases, although it is known that endogenous glucocorticoids are essential for survival under stress conditions and that an adequate response is driven by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>The aim of this study was to assess adrenal morphology in patients with acute disease compared with patients with non-acute disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study included: 402 patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (March–May, 2020) [main cohort]; 200 patients admitted to the ED for acute conditions (December 2018–February 2019) [control group A]; 200 outpatients who underwent radiological evaluation of non-acute conditions (January–February 2019) [control group B]. Chest and/or abdominal CT scans were reviewed to identify adrenal nodules or hyperplasia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the main cohort, altered adrenal morphology was found in 24.9% of the patients (15.4% adrenal hyperplasia; 9.5% adrenal nodules). The frequency of adrenal hyperplasia was higher both in the main cohort (15.4%) and control group A (15.5%) compared to control group B (8.5%; <em>p</em> = 0.02 and <em>p</em> = 0.03, respectively). In the main cohort, 14.9% patients died within 30 d. According to a multivariate analysis, adrenal hyperplasia was an independent risk factor for mortality (<em>p</em> = 0.04), as were older age (<em>p</em> &lt;0.001) and active cancer (<em>p</em> = 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The notable frequency of adrenal hyperplasia in patients with acute diseases suggests an exaggerated activation of the HPA axis due to stressful conditions. The increased risk of short-term mortality found in patients with adrenal hyperplasia suggests that it may be a possible hallmark of worse prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103010"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0188440924000638/pdfft?md5=45785ad0128aeb776b2da9f47017d164&pid=1-s2.0-S0188440924000638-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telomere Length is Associated with the Prevalence, Persistence, and Incidence of Sarcopenia","authors":"Aaron Salinas-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Betty Manrique-Espinoza ,&nbsp;Ana Rivera-Almaraz ,&nbsp;José Manuel Sánchez-López ,&nbsp;Haydeé Rosas-Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Telomere length (TL) shortening has been identified as a marker of aging and associated with adverse health outcomes, but evidence of its association with sarcopenia is inconclusive.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Estimate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between TL and sarcopenia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used data from Waves 3 and 4 (2017, 2021) of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health in Mexico (SAGE-Mexico). The cross-sectional sample consisted of 1,738 adults aged 50 and older, and the longitudinal sample consisted of 1,437. Relative TL was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on DNA extracted from saliva samples and quantified as the telomere/single-copy gene (T/S) ratio. Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean salivary TL was 1.50 T/S units (95% CI: 1.49–1.52). The baseline prevalence of sarcopenia was 13.3% (95% CI: 9.8–16.8%). The incidence and persistence of sarcopenia were 6.8% (95% CI: 5.0–9.5%) and 7.0% (95% CI: 5.1–9.6%), respectively. The results showed that a one standard deviation decrease in TL was cross-sectionally associated with higher odds of sarcopenia (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03–1.67) and prospectively with a higher incidence (RRR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.06–2.25) and persistence (RRR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.01–2.24) of sarcopenia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Older adults with shorter TL had higher rates of incident and persistent sarcopenia. Implementation of interventions to delay the decline of TL in older adults is warranted. Further translational studies are needed to elucidate the effects of exercise or diet on DNA repair in the telomeric region and their associations with sarcopenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103007"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Nutritional Indicator in Community-Dwelling Older Adults","authors":"Miguel Germán Borda ,&nbsp;Pablo Lafuente Sanchis ,&nbsp;Jonathan Patricio Baldera ,&nbsp;Francisco José Tarazona-Santabalbina ,&nbsp;Diego Andrés Chavarro-Carvajal ,&nbsp;Salomón Salazar-Londoño ,&nbsp;Mariia Bocharova ,&nbsp;Dag Aarsland ,&nbsp;Antonio Martín-Marco","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In an aging population, there is an increasing need for easily accessible nutritional markers.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To determine whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can serve as an effective nutritional indicator compared to the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) or other common markers such as albumin and body mass index (BMI).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were obtained from the SABE study in Ecuador, which included participants aged 60 years or older. This cross-sectional study collected comprehensive data, including demographics, health-related factors, and physical assessments. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were measured by complete blood count. Nutritional status was assessed by MNA-SF, and BMI was calculated. Several physical tests were performed to evaluate the participants’ functional status. Confounding variables such as age, sex, and comorbidities were considered.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The final sample consisted of 1790 subjects (48.9% male). The overall median age was 68 years (IQR 64,76). BMI and lymphocytes were higher in females, while NLR was higher in males. MNA-SF showed a negative association with NLR. Similarly, lymphocyte count shows a positive association with MNA-SF. Physical tests, such as the Romberg test and the Five Times Sit-to-Stand test, also showed correlations with NLR and lymphocyte count, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study results suggest a significant relationship between NLR and lymphocytes, and nutritional status. The correlation with albumin is stronger with NLR than with BMI. The simplicity and affordability of NLR may make it suitable for routine use in several medical fields, improving our understanding of the complex relationship between nutrition, inflammation, and overall health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103003"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0188440924000560/pdfft?md5=7e64117198dd17ba0710aea58bac7c39&pid=1-s2.0-S0188440924000560-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Gestational Obesity and Gestational Weight Gain as Predictors of Childhood Obesity: PROGRESS Cohort from Mexico City","authors":"Lucía Hernández-Barrera ,&nbsp;Belem Trejo-Valdivia ,&nbsp;Martha María Téllez-Rojo ,&nbsp;Andrea Baccarelli ,&nbsp;Robert Wright ,&nbsp;Alejandra Cantoral ,&nbsp;Simón Barquera","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the associations of pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with the risks of overweight, obesity, and adiposity in the first seven years of life in the offspring of a cohort of pregnant women.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Analysis of 751 mothers and their children participating in the PROGRESS cohort. These women were recruited in Mexico City between 2007 and 2010. Pre-gestational BMI was classified as normal, overweight, and obesity according to the WHO. GWG was calculated as the difference between the last reported pre-pregnancy weight and the pre-gestational weight and categorized as inadequate, adequate, or excessive, according to US IOM recommendations. Children's anthropometry was evaluated at 4–5 and 6–7 years of age. Adiposity was classified into three groups: normal (BMI <em>z</em>-score and waist circumference), overweight (BMI <em>z</em>-score&gt;1), and overweight plus abdominal obesity (OW+AO). A generalized structural equation model (GSEM) was constructed to account for the temporal relationship between variables and to assess direct and indirect effects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 49.3% of the women had excessive (13.8 ± 4.2 kg) and 19.8% inadequate (3.15 ± 3.4 kg) GWG. Women with pre-gestational overweight or obesity were more likely to have excessive GWG (OR 1.9 [95% CI: 1.32, 2.74] and 3.50 [95% CI: 1.83, 6.69], respectively). In the GSEM, excessive GWG was directly associated with OW+AO at 4–5 years. At 6–7 years, pre-gestational obesity was associated with OW+AO.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Pre-gestational obesity and excessive GWG were independent predictors of childhood obesity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103006"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on Cell Proliferation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis Pathways in an Animal Model of Induced Glioblastoma Multiforme","authors":"Sepideh Khaksar ,&nbsp;Khadijeh Kiarostami ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ramdan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In brain tumors, the complexity of the pathophysiological processes such as oxidative stress, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis have seriously challenged the definitive treatment. Rosmarinic acid (RA), as a polyphenolic compound, has been found to prevent tumor progression in some aggressive cancers. This study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of RA on brain tumors.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Rats were divided into six groups. Implantation of C6 glioma cells was carried out in the caudate nucleus of the right hemisphere. RA at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg (i.p.) was administered to the treatment groups for seven days. Tumor volume (by MRI imaging), locomotor ability, survival time, histological alterations (by H &amp; E staining), expression of <em>p53</em> and <em>p21</em> mRNAs (by RT-PCR), activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT] by assay kits), expression of caspase-3 and VEGF (by immunohistochemical analysis), and TUNEL-positive cells (by tunnel staining) were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results indicated that the RA at a dose of 20 mg/kg reduced the tumor volume, prolonged survival time, increased <em>p53</em> and <em>p21</em> mRNAs, attenuated SOD and CAT activities in tumor tissue, elevated caspase-3, and increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed less invasion of tumor cells into the normal parenchyma in rats treated with RA (20 mg/kg).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings provide evidence that the ability of RA to reduce tumor volume could be related to factors that modulate oxidative stress (SOD and CAT enzymes), cell proliferation (<em>p53</em> and <em>p21</em>), and apoptosis (caspase-3).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103005"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-in-life Exercise Ameliorates the Aging Trajectory Metabolism Programmed by Maternal Obesity in Rats: It is Never Too Late","authors":"Claudia J. Bautista ,&nbsp;Luis A. Reyes-Castro ,&nbsp;Consuelo Lomas-Soria ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Ibáñez ,&nbsp;Elena Zambrano","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Maternal obesity (MO) has been shown to adversely affect metabolic, oxidative, reproductive, and cognitive function in offspring. However, it is unclear whether lifestyle modification can ameliorate the metabolic and organ dysfunction programmed by MO and prevent the effects of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate whether moderate voluntary exercise in the offspring of rats born to obese mothers can ameliorate the adverse effects of MO programming on metabolism and liver function in mid-adulthood.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Offspring of control (CF1) and MOF1 mothers were fed with a control diet from weaning. Adult males and females participated in 15 min exercise sessions five days/week. Metabolic parameters were analyzed before and after the exercise intervention. Liver oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed before and after the intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Males showed that CF1_ex ran more than MOF1_ex and increased the distance covered. In contrast, females in both groups ran similar distances and remained constant but ran more distance than males. At PND 300 and 450, male and female MOF1 had higher leptin, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels than CF1. However, male MOF1_ex had lower triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels than MOF1. Improvements in liver fat and antioxidant enzymes were observed in CF1_ex and MOF1_ex males and females compared to their respective CF1 and MOF1 groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest that moderate voluntary exercise, even when started in mid-adulthood, can improve metabolic outcomes and delay accelerated metabolic aging in MO-programmed rats in a sex-dependent manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103002"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presymptomatic Testing for Huntington's Disease in Mexico: 28 Years of Experience","authors":"Adriana Ochoa-Morales ,&nbsp;David José Dávila-Ortiz de Montellano ,&nbsp;Mireya Chávez-Oliveros ,&nbsp;Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo ,&nbsp;Mariana Longoria-Ibarrola ,&nbsp;Ana Luisa Sosa-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Marie-Catherine Boll ,&nbsp;Aurelio Jara-Prado ,&nbsp;Petra Yescas-Gómez ,&nbsp;Jorge Guerrero-Camacho ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Ramírez-García","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder with dominant inheritance. Our center in Mexico City has offered presymptomatic testing (PT) since 1995.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To describe the main clinical and demographic characteristics of at-risk HD individuals who applied to the PT program, the reasons for seeking it, and the molecular results.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted with sociodemographic and clinical data of all PT applicants from 1995–2023. Reasons for seeking PT were assessed using a modified questionnaire. In addition, anxiety, and depressive symptoms before and after PT were evaluated with Beck's instruments; cognitive impairment (CI) was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and molecular results.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>214 people applied for PT (2.1% of the at-risk population identified in our center); 63% were women (mean age of 37.11 years). 204 (95.3%) were accepted and 190 received results. 70% indicated that the main reason for applying for PT was to inform their offspring about the risk of inheriting HD. Significant differences were observed in the reasons for seeking PT by age group. Although some subjects received treatment, Beck's instrument scores did not indicate special attention or pharmacological treatment. The MMSE showed probable CI in 20 subjects. Of those who received results, 37% were carriers of a full penetrance allele.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our center has the only formal PT program for HD in Mexico. The reasons for seeking PT are varied and age-related. Although PT is offered to all subjects at risk for HD, uptake remains low.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103004"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Apoplexy, A True Endocrine Emergency","authors":"Alberto Moscona-Nissan,&nbsp;Jessica Sidauy-Adissi,&nbsp;Karla Ximena Hermoso-Mier,&nbsp;Shimon Shlomo Glick-Betech,&nbsp;Leonel de Jesús Chávez-Vera,&nbsp;Florencia Martinez-Mendoza,&nbsp;Oscar Mario Delgado-Casillas,&nbsp;Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano,&nbsp;Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Moisés Mercado","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical syndrome resulting from a hemorrhagic infarction of the pituitary gland. It is characterized by the sudden onset of visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, headache and occasionally, signs of meningeal irritation and an altered mental status. The exact pathogenesis of PA remains to be elucidated, although tumor overgrowth of its blood supply remains the most popular theory. Main risk factors for the development of PA include systemic, iatrogenic, and external factors as well as the presence of an underlying pituitary tumor. The diagnostic approach of PA includes both neuroimaging and evaluation of pituitary secretory function.</p><p>PA is a potentially life-threatening condition which should be managed with hemodynamic stabilization, correction of electrolyte abnormalities and replacement of hormonal deficiencies. PA treatment should be individualized based on the severity of the clinical picture which may vary widely. Treatment options include conservative management with periodic follow-up or neurosurgical intervention, which should be decided by a multidisciplinary team. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to unveil the frequency of PA predisposing factors, clinical and biochemical presentations, management strategies and outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 103001"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin Improves Sarcopenia-Related Quality of Life in Geriatric Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Rizwan Qaisar ,&nbsp;Asima Karim ,&nbsp;Tahir Muhammad ,&nbsp;M. Shahid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Firdos Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Metformin protects against age-related muscle decline, termed sarcopenia. However, the effects on sarcopenia quality-of-life (SarQoL) are unknown. We investigated the effects of metformin on SarQoL and associated mechanisms in older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial included geriatric adult men, divided into non-sarcopenic controls (age = 72.2 ± 4.3 years, <em>n</em> = 52) and two groups of patients with sarcopenia randomized into placebo (age at baseline = 74.4 ± 5.7 years, <em>n</em> = 54) and metformin (age at baseline = 71.2 ± 3.9 years, <em>n</em> = 47) groups. Patients in the metformin group received 1.7 grams twice daily for four months. We evaluated SarQoL, handgrip strength (HGS), plasma zonulin, c-reactive protein (CRP), and 8-isoprostanes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients with sarcopenia had lower HGS and SarQoL than controls (both <em>p</em> &lt;0.05). Metformin improved the HGS and the SarQoL domains related to physical and mental health, locomotion, and leisure activities, as well as cumulative SarQoL scores (all <em>p</em> &lt;0.05). Metformin also prevented the decline in the SarQoL domains for functionality and fear. Among plasma biomarkers, metformin reduced the levels of zonulin, CRP, 8-isoprostanes, and creatine kinase. We also found a significant correlation of plasma zonulin with cumulative SarQoL in patients with sarcopenia taking metformin, suggesting a role for intestinal repair in improving SarQoL. Finally, metformin did not affect body composition and gait speed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, metformin improved HGS and SarQoL by repairing intestinal leakage. Our data have clinical relevance for improving the quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"55 4","pages":"Article 102998"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}