Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Changing Landscape of Liver Cirrhosis Etiologies","authors":"Nahum Méndez-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Mariana M Ramírez-Mejía ,&nbsp;Ming-Hua Zheng ,&nbsp;Carlos Cortez-Hernández ,&nbsp;Elianee M Tovar-Bojorquez ,&nbsp;Raúl Contreras-Omaña ,&nbsp;Juan D Monsiváis-Morales ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Córdova-Gallardo ,&nbsp;Mauricio Castillo-Barradas ,&nbsp;Nubia Guzmán-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;María S González-Huezo ,&nbsp;Adrian Sandez-Araiza ,&nbsp;Eira Cerda-Reyes ,&nbsp;Stefanny Cornejo-Hernández ,&nbsp;Beatriz Barranco-Fragoso ,&nbsp;Ana D Cano-Contreras ,&nbsp;José M Remes-Troche ,&nbsp;Fatima Higuera-de-la-Tijera ,&nbsp;José L Pérez-Hernández ,&nbsp;Norberto Chávez-Tapia ,&nbsp;Heriberto Rodríguez-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Liver cirrhosis is a major public health problem worldwide. In Mexico, the increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study examines the current etiologies of cirrhosis in Mexico, highlighting regional and demographic differences.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study of 2182 patients with cirrhosis diagnosed between 2018 and 2024 in 13 tertiary care hospitals in northern, central, and southern Mexico. Demographic data, etiology, and complications were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MASLD was the most frequent cause of cirrhosis (42.8 %), followed by alcohol-related liver disease (ALD, 23.8 %) and hepatitis C virus (HCV, 12.2 %). MASLD was more common in older patients and women, while ALD was more frequent in younger patients and men. HCC was observed in 8.9 % of patients, with a higher prevalence in the central region. The most common complications were portal hypertension (59.5 %) and ascites (30.4 %). Regional differences were observed, with a higher prevalence of MASLD in central and southern Mexico, while ALD was more prominent in the northern region.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This cross-sectional study underscores the changing etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Mexico, with MASLD emerging as the leading cause, particularly in older patients and women. Regional differences were evident, with ALD being more frequent in younger patients and in men, especially in the northern region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy in Mexican Population","authors":"Karla Barrera-Perales ,&nbsp;Héctor Pérez-Cano ,&nbsp;Sergio Rojas-Juárez ,&nbsp;Oscar Morales-López ,&nbsp;Alin Somilleda-Ventura ,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Cuevas-Budhart ,&nbsp;Rogelio Ivan Silva Rueda","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant ocular complication. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with its development.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the relationship between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and the presence of DR to identify the highest-risk allele.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>79 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 75 healthy controls were studied. Metabolic and anthropometric measurements were performed, and DNA was extracted to identify the polymorphism using C-reactive protein. Fisher’s exact test was used for comparative analysis of allele and genotypic frequencies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The I/I genotype was more frequent in patients with DR (43 %) and was associated with a 3.22-fold increased risk of developing the disease (<em>p</em> = 0.0123). The I allele frequency was 67 % in patients and 56 % in controls, though no significant difference was found (<em>p</em> = 0.073).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The higher frequency of the I/I genotype in patients with DR suggests that this genotype may be a risk factor for developing the disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Access to Post-Pandemic Mental Health Care: An Action Proposal","authors":"Nicole Lobos-Villatoro,&nbsp;Carlos Güida,&nbsp;Osvaldo Artaza","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Cyclosporin A and Tacrolimus in The Treatment of Endometriosis of Rats","authors":"Cagla Bahar Bulbul ,&nbsp;Gulay Turan ,&nbsp;Ceyda Sancakli Usta ,&nbsp;Ozgur Bulmus ,&nbsp;Akin Usta","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying endometriosis are still under investigation. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is an inflammatory marker secreted by various types of cells in an inflammatory condition. During inflammation, CypA exacerbates the inflammatory response by activating calcineurin signaling, which increases cytokine secretion and tissue degradation in the inflammatory region. This study investigated the effect of inhibiting calcineurin signaling in treating endometriosis in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-two albino Wistar rats were used in this study. All rats were divided into three groups: cyclosporin A (<em>n</em> = 10), tacrolimus (<em>n</em> = 10) and a control group (<em>n</em> = 12). The cyclosporin A (CsA) group received two intraperitoneal doses two weeks apart, and the tacrolimus group received the same two doses intravenously, also two weeks apart. All studies lasted eight weeks. The processed endometrial tissues were cut in half and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections (5 µm) were stained with Ki-67, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and VEGF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The endometriotic focus size was 204.7 ± 153.4 mm³, 71.9 ± 85.4 mm³, and 30.6 ± 36.7 mm³ in the control, CsA, and tacrolimus groups, respectively. Compared to the control group, the endometriotic focus size was smaller in the CsA and tacrolimus groups (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Microscopically, Ki-67 (<em>p</em> = 0.010) and VEGF (<em>p</em> = 0.007) immunoreactivity were lower in the CsA and tacrolimus groups than in controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The inhibition of calcineurin signaling with CsA or tacrolimus treatment causes regression of the endometriotic focus by decreasing endometriotic cell proliferation and angiogenesis in ectopic endometriotic tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living in Latin America: A Systematic Review”","authors":"ARUNSUNDAR MOHANASUNDARAM ,&nbsp;JEREMIAH OLUWATOMI ITODO DANIEL ,&nbsp;BHUSHAN PATIL","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine Disruptors and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review","authors":"Marta Lopez-Garcia ,&nbsp;Manuel Martinez-Bebia ,&nbsp;Alejandro Lopez-Moro ,&nbsp;Nuria Gimenez-Blasi ,&nbsp;José Antonio Latorre ,&nbsp;Miguel Mariscal-Arcas","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children has prompted more research on both genetic and environmental risk factors, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This review focuses on studies published between 2013 and December 2023 that explore the potential impact of BPA and PCBs on ADHD. The review draws from databases such as WOS, PubMed, and Scopus. BPA, a chemical commonly used in plastics and resins, has raised concerns due to its potential neurodevelopmental effects, particularly when exposure occurs prenatally. Multiple studies have suggested an association between prenatal BPA exposure and an increased risk of ADHD in offspring, though more research is needed. Similarly, PCBs, which are persistent environmental pollutants primarily found in contaminated food sources, have been linked to cognitive and behavioral issues, including attention deficits and hyperactivity. Both BPA and PCBs have been shown to disrupt neurodevelopment, underscoring the importance of regulating these chemicals to safeguard children’s health. While these findings highlight a potential risk, further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms and the precise role these EDCs play in the development of ADHD and other neurobehavioral disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary Vocational Training for Resilient, Integrated, and Person-Centered Health Systems","authors":"Mónica Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Osvaldo Artaza ,&nbsp;Javier Santa Cruz ,&nbsp;Marcelo Fagalde ,&nbsp;Mónica Espinoza ,&nbsp;Sandra Oyarzo ,&nbsp;Erich V. De Paula ,&nbsp;Rogelio Pizzi","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spironolactone Partially Reverses Autism-Like Behaviors Linked to ErbB4 and mTOR Phosphorylation in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum","authors":"David Zarate-Lopez ,&nbsp;Rosendo García-Carrillo ,&nbsp;Luis Castro-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Alma Y. Galvez-Contreras ,&nbsp;Oscar Gonzalez-Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental influences that lead to atypical brain development, particularly in regions such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex. There is increasing evidence linking the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR or ErbB1) to the etiopathogenesis of ASD. However, ErbB4, another ErbB member, has also been implicated in this process. To investigate whether dysregulation of ErbB4 and its downstream mTOR signaling pathway in the striatum and prefrontal cortex contributes to stereotypical behaviors and social deficits in an autism-like rodent model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the phosphorylation levels of ErbB4and mTOR in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of 31 d old mice that were prenatally exposed to valproate (VPA; 500 mg/kg) or the control vehicle (0.9 % NaCl). Social and stereotypic behaviors were assessed using the three-chamber social test and the marble burying test, respectively. Then, the VPA groups were treated with 50 mg/kg of spironolactone, a selective ErbB4 antagonist.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prenatal exposure to VPA induced deficits in social interaction and an increase in repetitive behaviors. These behaviors coexist with dysregulation of the ErbB4 phosphorylation and modifications in the mTOR signaling pathway in both brain regions. Treatment with spironolactone reduced repetitive behaviors, which was consistent with reduced ErbB4 phosphorylation and mTOR signaling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results support the idea that ErbB4 has abnormal expression and activity levels in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Antagonizing ErbB4 with spironolactone improves repetitive behavioral patterns associated with ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Priorities in Guideline Development: Consideration of Health Equity in WHO’s Normative Products on Obesity","authors":"Omar Dewidar ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas ,&nbsp;Jordi Pardo Pardo ,&nbsp;Vivian Welch ,&nbsp;Kevin Pottie ,&nbsp;Peter Tugwell","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Approach to Cardiac Electrical Dynamics: Evaluation of Surrogate Biomarkers of Differences in Drug-Induced Multichannel Block","authors":"Pablo Daniel Cruces ,&nbsp;Pedro David Arini","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Torsade de Pointes (TdP), a side effect of many marketed drugs, can lead to sudden cardiac death. Regulatory guidelines require quantification of hERG channel block by QT interval prolongation on ECG, although its predictive value remains low. To propose a novel normalization technique for vectorcardiographic loops, enabling improved derivation of conventional and new indices for the robust identification of multiple cardiac ion channel blockades associated with TdP risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A robust method was developed to obtain angular parameters from ECG loops by normalizing for baseline drift using principal component analysis. Linear (via differentiation) and angular (via quaternion algebra) velocities were assessed to identify differential features between multichannel and selective hERG-blocking drugs. Furthermore, bidirectional baseline correction allowed more accurate extraction of ECG wave extrema and peaks, improving the robustness of the QT interval and other temporal measurements. The proposed dynamic biomarkers were evaluated in 22 subjects enrolled in a clinical trial of four known QT-prolonging drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The two high-risk drugs exhibited drug-induced changes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0005) in velocity during ventricular repolarization. Strong calcium or sodium blockers reduced the effect on velocity caused by hERG potassium channel block. A tendency to symmetry of angular values was observed with high-risk drugs. The alternative temporal indices showed a high correlation (<em>r</em> &gt; 0.9) with standard indices. Differences emerged between the T-wave end and the angular velocity marker of ventricular repolarization end.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Spatial analysis of cardiac signals and the new dynamic measures could complement current standards and support safer drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}