Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of E-Cigarette Substitution for Cigarettes on Weight Status: A Systematic Review","authors":"Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa ,&nbsp;Riccardo Polosa ,&nbsp;Renée O'Leary","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The substitution of smoking with electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is increasingly used as a strategy for tobacco cessation or reduction, and its impact on body weight is a key area of research.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To examine the effects of ENDS on weight status in adults who smoke cigarettes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library from 2010 to February 2024. Studies were included if they were randomized or non-randomized controlled trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies reporting longitudinal body weight measurements of adults who smoked cigarettes and either partially or entirely substituted ENDS for smoking. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI quality assessment tools, and bias was reported using the Oxford Catalogue of Bias. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The systematic review included nine articles from eight trials. Study designs were five RCTs, two cohort studies, and one quasi-experimental study. Two studies had a high risk of bias, five had some concerns, and one was at low risk. Weight change varied, with a consistent pattern of weight gain over time for exclusive ENDS users and modest weight gain for dual users. The overall body of evidence was considered weak because the total number of participants was less than 1000.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ENDS use may have a modest impact on weight status among individuals trying to quit smoking. However, the evidence base is limited, and further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of ENDS use on weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 103211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Molecular and Functional Analysis of Human Sperm Subpopulations to Identify New Biomarkers of Fertilization Potential","authors":"Pedro Caballero-Campo ,&nbsp;Saúl Lira-Albarrán ,&nbsp;Alexandra Amaral ,&nbsp;Chibo Hong ,&nbsp;Nakul Shah ,&nbsp;Annaick Carles ,&nbsp;Daofeng Li ,&nbsp;David Barrera ,&nbsp;Gabriela Hernández-Silva ,&nbsp;Joao Ramalho-Santos ,&nbsp;Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Martin Hirst ,&nbsp;Fernando Larrea ,&nbsp;Joe Costello ,&nbsp;Paolo Rinaudo ,&nbsp;Mayel Chirinos","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human ejaculates are composed of sperm subsets with heterogeneous characteristics. Comparative studies of sperm subpopulations with differences in motility may serve to investigate the functional and molecular features that are crucial for reaching the oocyte and fertilizing.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify functional and molecular markers that characterize sperm subpopulations with high and low motility.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Semen samples from 11 donors with proven fertility were processed by density gradient centrifugation to isolate high (F1) and low (F2) motility sperm subpopulations. Besides motility, we evaluated viability, chromatin integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, capacitation, and acrosomal status. F1 and F2 were subjected to comparative methylome and transcriptome analyses by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing, respectively. Further validation of candidate biomarkers at the RNA and protein levels was performed with semen samples from six normozoospermic volunteers using quantitative PCR and Western blotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Spermatozoa from the F1 fractions exhibited higher mitochondrial membrane potential and viability than F2. Comparative methylome and transcriptome analyses of F1 and F2 identified 271 differentially methylated genes and 82 differentially expressed genes. Notably, <em>CEP128</em> and <em>CSTPP1</em> were downregulated and differentially methylated in the F2 fraction. Quantitative PCR confirmed the downregulation of these two genes in F2, and the downregulation of CEP128 was further validated at the protein level by Western blotting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>F1 spermatozoa are characterized by elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, viability, and higher expression of <em>CEP128</em> and <em>CSTPP1</em>. Future studies should evaluate the potential of these functional variables and genes as biomarkers of fertility, either individually or in combination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 103210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraosseous Plasmacytoma Confers Poor Outcomes in Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia","authors":"Jorge Vela-Ojeda ,&nbsp;Aline Ramirez-Alvarado ,&nbsp;Ana Sofia Sanchez-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Jaime Garcia-Chavez ,&nbsp;Laura Arcelia Montiel-Cervantes","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) is one of the most aggressive diseases in oncohematology. Due to its low incidence, there is no established standard treatment, and it is considered an incurable disease.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study presents our experience and outcomes of 92 cases of PPCL between January 2011 and December 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fat pad biopsy was positive for Congo red in six (35 %) of 17 patients, solitary extraosseous plasmacytoma was observed in 30 (32.5 %), and bone marrow fibrosis was identified in 81 (88 %) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>While most patients (69.5 %) received conventional chemotherapy combinations, 30.5 % underwent proteasome inhibitor-based treatment and/or autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT). In this series, we report that the presence of extraosseous plasmacytoma, treatment failure, and therapy with classic chemotherapy agents were independent covariates associated with poor survival.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In PPCL, extraosseous plasmacytoma, treatment failure, and treatment with conventional chemotherapy were associated with poor outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 103207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irisin Predicts Cardiac Contractile and Postural Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure","authors":"Firdos Ahmad ,&nbsp;Asima Karim ,&nbsp;Javaidullah Khan ,&nbsp;Rizwan Qaisar","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Irisin, a myokine, has been observed to be dysregulated in various pathological conditions. However, its role in regulating chronic heart failure (CHF)-induced physical disability in older adults remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between plasma irisin levels, cardiac parameters, and physical disability in patients with CHF.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Cardiac contractile function, handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed (GS), short physical performance battery (SPPB), plasma c-reactive protein (CRP), and irisin levels were assessed in controls (<em>n</em> = 56) and patients with CHF with ischemic (<em>n</em> = 153) and non-ischemic (<em>n</em> = 139) etiologies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regardless of etiologies, significantly higher plasma CRP levels and lower irisin levels were observed in patients with CHF. The irisin level was positively correlated (<em>r</em>² = 0.09, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and negatively correlated (<em>r</em>² = 0.09, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) with CRP in patients with CHF. Moreover, the physical parameters SPPB cumulative scores were lower while the frailty scores were significantly higher. The GS and HGS were significantly lower in patients with CHF. Indicators of postural dysfunction SPPB scores (<em>r</em>² = 0.41, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) and GS (<em>r</em>² = 0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) were positively correlated, and the frailty index score was negatively correlated with plasma irisin. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed higher sensitivity and specificity of irisin, particularly for non-ischemic etiology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results provide novel evidence that plasma irisin is significantly associated with systemic inflammation and cardiac and postural dysfunction in patients with CHF. These findings suggest that irisin may serve as a potential biomarker for disease severity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 103203"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrowing the Gap: Understanding Lung Cancer Care Intervals and Their Barriers in Latin American Low and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"Oscar Arrieta ,&nbsp;Cittim B. Palomares-Palomares ,&nbsp;Ana Pamela Gómez-García ,&nbsp;Eduardo Rios-Garcia ,&nbsp;Juan-Manuel Hernandez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Jenny G. Turcott ,&nbsp;Diana Flores-Estrada ,&nbsp;Haydee Williams ,&nbsp;Nancy Reynoso-Noverón ,&nbsp;Wendy R. Muñoz-Montaño ,&nbsp;Jose Corona-Cruz ,&nbsp;Vanessa Cores ,&nbsp;Andrés F. Cardona","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Barriers in lung cancer (LC) management impact patient care and their outcomes, yet studies from high-income countries may not be fully applicable to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with distinct healthcare challenges. This study aims to characterize LC care intervals and their barriers in a Latin American LMIC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This analysis of patients with LC diagnosed between 2003 and 2016 at a national cancer referral center, calculated the duration of the following six intervals: from symptom onset to first specialist visit (StFS), first specialist visit to diagnosis (FStDX), diagnosis to treatment initiation (DXtTX), symptom onset to diagnosis (StDX), first specialist visit to treatment (FStTX), and symptom onset to treatment (StTX). Clinicopathological and sociodemographic characteristics were extracted from electronic medical records. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with the duration of each care interval.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>503 patients were included; the majority were females (52.7%), with adenocarcinoma (76%) and a positive smoking status (56%). The median duration in days (interquartile range [IQR]) of StFS, FStDX, DXtTX, StDX, FStTX, and StTX were 90 (142), 34 (63), 17 (25), 148 (149), 60 (79), and 173 (153), respectively. In multivariate analyses, factors associated with the length of care intervals were sex, marital status, disease stage, mutational status, asbestos, and wood smoke exposure. After adjustment, sex remained a statistically significant predictor of longer intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings support the identification of barriers and the development of interventions aimed at shortening LC care intervals, particularly among disadvantaged individuals who are more likely to experience delays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 103202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of the monocyte CCR2-CCL2 axis in triple-negative breast cancer","authors":"Magdalena Budzyń ,&nbsp;Agata Kubicka ,&nbsp;Elżbieta Kaja ,&nbsp;Witold Kycler ,&nbsp;Joanna Załuska-Kusz ,&nbsp;Jacek J. Brzeziński ,&nbsp;Marcelina Sperling ,&nbsp;Alicja Bukowska ,&nbsp;Joanna Grupińska","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The monocyte CCR2-CCL2 axis appears to play a crucial role in the generation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which subsequently promotes tumor metastasis and resistance to therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Our study assessed the monocyte CCR2-CCL2 axis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its ability to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 42 female patients diagnosed with TNBC and eligible for NAC. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was based on pathological complete response (pCR). Surface expression of CCR2 on monocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. Circulating CCL2 was measured by Luminex X-Map technology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased monocyte CCR2 expression and higher circulating CCL2 levels were observed in the patients with TNBC. After dividing the patients according to their response to NAC, a significant difference in CCL2 levels was found only between patients who achieved pCR and those who did not. ROC curves showed that the optimum diagnostic cut-off value of CCL2 ≤89.61 pg/mL better discriminated patients with TNBC who achieved pCR better than the Ki-67 index. Univariate analysis demonstrated that circulating. CCL2 ≤89.61 pg/mL was significantly associated with pCR. However, this correlation lost statistical significance in the multivariate model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrated the activation of the monocyte CCR2-CCL2 axis in TNBC for the first time. This activation occurs mainly in patients who do not respond to NAC. Circulating CCL2 levels ≤89.61 pg/mL were found to predict, to some extent, the achievement of pCR in patients with TNBC receiving NAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 103205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Consensus Clustering and Treatment Heterogeneity Analysis in Critically Ill Patients with Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Xiujuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Sun ,&nbsp;Huixian Li ,&nbsp;Miao Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaolan Mo ,&nbsp;Huiying Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to establish a phenotypic clustering model for critically ill patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (CIP T2DM), define distinct subtypes, and analyze differences in clinical characteristics and treatment response.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database were phenotyped based on demographic, physiological, and biochemical parameters, along with critically ill scores, using a consensus clustering algorithm. Subtype validity was assessed using the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU). High-frequency combination drug regimens were then extracted to reveal therapeutic heterogeneity among subtypes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three subtypes were identified in the MIMIC-IV cohort (<em>n</em> = 6349). The in-group proportions of 0.957, 0.898, and 0.836 in the eICU cohort (<em>n</em> = 1425) show high consistency. These three subtypes are: a) CIP T2DM with severe infection (CIP T2DM-SI) with a mortality of 16.7 % and a post-medication blood glucose (PMBG, first measured 24 h after medication administration) of 8.25 mmol/L; b) CIP T2DM with organ failure (CIP T2DM-OF) with 18.6 % mortality and 8.03 mmol/L PMBG; and c) CIP T2DM under monitoring for continuous observation and evaluation (CIP T2DM-UM) with 8.87 % mortality and 6.98 mmol/L PMBG. Moreover, the three subtypes showed different in-hospital mortality risks under the same medication regimen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Three phenotypes were identified in CIP T2DM, showing significant heterogeneity in clinical characteristics and prognosis. Personalized interventions for these subtypes may help reduce adverse events and guide precise treatment in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 5","pages":"Article 103197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidities and Sociodemographic Factors as Determinants of COVID-19 Outcome in Hospitalized Pregnant Women in Brazil","authors":"Francilene Maria Azevedo ,&nbsp;Ariane Ribeiro de Freitas Rocha ,&nbsp;Núbia de Souza de Morais ,&nbsp;Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Silvia Eloiza Priore ,&nbsp;Jackson Martins Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy causes maternal health complications.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the relationship between comorbidities and sociodemographic factors with COVID-19 outcome (death/healing) among hospitalized pregnant women in Brazil.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A longitudinal study, based on secondary data from the SIVEP Gripe. All hospitalizations of adult pregnant women with COVID-19 were assessed, with a total sample of 16,202 women. The dependent variable was the evolution of COVID-19 hospitalizations (death/healing), and the independent variables were age, ethnicity, gestational trimester, immunization, and comorbidities. R software version 4.3.2 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, the χ² test, and Poisson regression were used. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess trends in lethality during the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age of the pregnant women assessed was 30 years (P25- 25; P75- 35). Lethality was 7.62 % (<em>n</em> = 1,236), and death was associated with the group of women who did not receive any dose of vaccine in the second trimester of pregnancy, were aged ≥35 years, and had black/brown skin color. The risk of death was higher among unvaccinated women (RR: 4.29; CI: 2.97–6.50), those aged ≥35 years (RR: 1.37; CI: 1.13–1.67), and those with obesity (RR: 2.08; CI: 1.66–2.58). In the temporal analysis, the monthly percentage change (MPC) in lethality was significant in three periods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Black ethnicity, obesity, and lack of vaccination were the main factors that increased the risk of death from COVID-19 among pregnant women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mexican Interdisciplinary Consensus on the Diagnosis and Preventive Measures for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections","authors":"Rosa Maria Wong-Chew ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Noyola ,&nbsp;Fortino Solórzano-Santos ,&nbsp;Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa ,&nbsp;Maria Guadalupe Miranda-Novales ,&nbsp;Eric Ochoa Hein ,&nbsp;Arturo Galindo-Fraga ,&nbsp;Diana Vilar-Compte ,&nbsp;Gerardo Martinez-Aguilar ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Norberto Jiménez-Juárez ,&nbsp;Gilberto Tena- Alavez ,&nbsp;Dina Villanueva-García ,&nbsp;Martha Eugenia Valdivia-Proa ,&nbsp;Pedro Antonio Martinez-Arce ,&nbsp;Alejandro Ernesto Macías-Hernández ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Espinosa-Rosales ,&nbsp;Daniel Ibarra-Rios ,&nbsp;Guillermo Ruiz Palacios y Santos ,&nbsp;Martha Josefina Avilés-Robles ,&nbsp;Emilia Josefina Patiño-Bahena ,&nbsp;Patricia Cornejo-Juarez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in children and adults in Latin America and Mexico. RSV circulates with seasonal peaks in fall and winter. Individuals at highest risk for severe infection are premature infants and those with comorbidities, as well as older adults with cardiopulmonary pathologies and/or varying degrees of immunocompromise.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To provide an updated landscape of the epidemiology, risk groups, diagnostic methods, and prevention of RSV infection in Mexico.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Convened by the Asociación Mexicana de Infectología y Microbiología Clínica, 28 interdisciplinary experts participated in a consensus meeting held in November 2023. Four groups, each with seven experts and a medical writer, were formed to discuss epidemiology and diagnosis, risk groups, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies (mABs). Predefined questions, formulated by a team of four experts, were discussed within each group, and consensus was reached on the answers. These responses were then analyzed and organized into recommendations based on national and international evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Evidence-based recommendations for epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis, and prevention of RSV infection were proposed. Future perspectives regarding the usefulness of new vaccines and passive immunoprophylaxis were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Timely identification of at-risk populations, diagnosis and treatment of RSV infection, and particularly the rational use of mABs and vaccines are key strategies to reduce the clinical and epidemiological burden of RSV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness and cognitive function in older adults living in Latin America: A systematic review","authors":"David Camacho ,&nbsp;Pamela Tella-Vega ,&nbsp;Fernando A. Wagner ,&nbsp;Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa ,&nbsp;Amanda Lehning ,&nbsp;Joseph J. Gallo ,&nbsp;Carmen García-Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>English language systematic reviews with samples from high-income countries have found an inverse relationship between loneliness and cognitive function. Considering that cultural and contextual resources influence the experience of loneliness and cognitive health, we conducted a systematic review analyzing quantitative studies exploring the relationship between loneliness and cognitive function in older adults in Latin America. Following PRISMA guidelines, we used five databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO). Inclusion criteria were: a) quantitative research examining the relationship between loneliness and cognitive health, b) descriptions of loneliness and measures of cognitive function, c) English or Spanish language peer-reviewed articles, and d) a sample of older adults in Latin America (≥60 years). We assessed bias using the Risk of Bias Instrument for Cross-Sectional Surveys of Attitudes and Practices. Seven of the 1,887 studies (all cross-sectional) met the inclusion criteria, comprising 26,440 participants from Brazil or Mexico. Most, but not all, found a significant inverse association between loneliness and cognitive function after controlling for salient health and psychosocial factors. Measures and conceptualizations of loneliness and cognitive function, as well as theoretical explanations linking these concepts, varied. Two studies had a high risk of bias. Current evidence suggests a possible cross-sectional association between loneliness and cognitive function in older adults in these countries. Further research is needed to examine the possible bidirectional relationship using representative samples and longitudinal designs; test pathways linking dimensions of loneliness (e.g., chronicity) to cognitive function (e.g., Alzheimer's disease continuum), and explore Latin American diversity (e.g., countries, indigenous peoples, sexual minorities).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 4","pages":"Article 103182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}