Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Protein Restriction During Pregnancy and Lactation Triggers Steatohepatitis and Adrenal Disorders in Rat Dams: Insights into Maternal Metabolic Health","authors":"Luísa Annibal Barata ,&nbsp;Matheus Naia Fioretto ,&nbsp;Vinícius Alexandre de Andrade Felipe ,&nbsp;Patrick Vieira de Souza ,&nbsp;Isabelle Tenori Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Flávia Alessandra Maciel ,&nbsp;Luiz Marcos Frediani Portela ,&nbsp;Mirella Franco Moreira ,&nbsp;Gustavo Monezzi Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Ana Lívia Silvério Vieira ,&nbsp;Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano ,&nbsp;Elena Zambrano ,&nbsp;Luis Antonio Justulin","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept is strongly supported by epidemiological and experimental data demonstrating that exposure to adverse conditions early in life can impact offspring health. Despite numerous studies showing the early and long-term impacts of maternal malnutrition on offspring, little research has been conducted on its effects on mothers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated the effects of protein restriction (6 %) during gestation and lactation on the metabolism, as well as the structural and molecular parameters of the livers and adrenals of dams.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A decrease in food and water consumption was observed in gestational and lactational low-protein (GLLP) mothers during lactation, in addition to systemic changes with a decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and an increase in creatinine. The adrenal glands of GLLP mothers demonstrated cortical vacuolization and reduced collagen deposition. The liver of GLLP mothers showed a decrease in collagen and an increase in fibrotic areas, macro- and microvesicular steatosis, and hypertrophy, indicating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We observed decreased gene expression of <em>Cyp11b2</em> and increased expression in <em>Sts</em> and <em>Por</em> in the adrenals of the GLLP group. In the liver, there was a decrease in <em>Ppar g</em> and <em>Hsd3b1</em>, in addition to increased gene expression of <em>Pdh1, Cs</em>, and <em>Pklr</em> in the GLLP group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maternal protein restriction (MPR) leads to systemic and structural disorders on the adrenal-liver axis, affecting important molecular processes that indicate hepatic and adrenal stress, as well as disorders in energy metabolism. This could potentially affect the fetal and postnatal health of the offspring, increasing the risk of diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145607780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Desloratadine on Treatment Response and Inflammation During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage II–III Breast Cancer: A Randomized Pilot Study","authors":"Hossein Azimi ,&nbsp;Afifeh Jafari ,&nbsp;Seyed Reza Khandozi ,&nbsp;Yasser Bagheri ,&nbsp;Marie Saghaeian Jazi ,&nbsp;Somayeh Ghorbani ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Roshandel ,&nbsp;Homa Davoodi","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Desloratadine, commonly used for allergy symptoms, has demonstrated its potential to increase survival rates in patients with breast cancer. This trial aimed to assess the efficacy of desloratadine in improving treatment response and inflammation markers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this single-blind, pilot phase II trial, 49 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were randomized into two groups: an intervention group (<em>n</em> = 23), and a control group (<em>n</em> = 26). The intervention group received desloratadine in addition to anthracycline-based chemotherapy, while the control group received standard anthracycline-based chemotherapy alone. The primary endpoint was the treatment response, which was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Secondary endpoints included plasma histamine, IL-6, TNF-α levels, and PBMC biomarkers (H1R, NF-κB, TLR-4).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 20 patients in the intervention group and 22 patients in the control group were analyzed (patients in stages II and III were enrolled; no stage I cases were observed, and two stage IV patients [one per group] were excluded due to insufficient subgroup size). The intervention group showed a higher overall response rate (65 %) than the control group (45.5 %), though the difference was not statistically significant (<em>p</em> = 0.232). Stage III patients in the intervention group had a significantly higher response rate (90.91 % [intervention] vs. 11.11 % [control], <em>p</em> = 0.001). No adverse effects were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Desloratadine may improve treatment response in stage III breast cancer, supporting its potential role as a complementary agent in neoadjuvant chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Ethical code</h3><div>This study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the registration number IRCT20230221057485N1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pirfenidone as a Pleiotropic Antifibrotic Agent in Metabolic Steatohepatitis: From Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence","authors":"Mariana M. Ramírez-Mejía ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Jorge L. Poo ,&nbsp;Nahum Méndez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a progressive phenotype of steatotic liver disease that can lead to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver-related complications. Pirfenidone is a small synthetic molecule that was originally approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It has pleiotropic antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In preclinical liver models, pirfenidone reduces hepatic stellate cell activation, collagen deposition, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine expression, largely through the modulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), mitogen-activated protein kinases, and the Nrf2 axis. Early clinical trials, including the large prospective cohort PROMETEO, the randomized controlled trial in compensated cirrhosis ODISEA, and the translational trial in post-sustained viral response fibrosis MINERVA, show improvements in noninvasive fibrosis markers, liver function tests, quality of life, and parallel epigenetic remodeling. These data suggest that pirfenidone acts on central fibrogenic biology and may contribute to histological regression in advanced disease. Larger and longer trials, as well as rational combinations with metabolic agents, are needed to define its therapeutic role in MASH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiomyopathy in Northwestern Mexico: Clinical Spectrum, Morphological Variants, and Sarcomere Gene Mutations","authors":"Cyntia Zulema Machain-Leyva ,&nbsp;Cuitláhuac Arroyo-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Luis Alejandro Padilla-Islas ,&nbsp;Francisco A. Martínez Hernández ,&nbsp;Sergio Ramón Figueroa-Sauceda ,&nbsp;Verónica Zazueta-Armenta","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic heart disease characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy that cannot be fully explained by abnormal loading conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To describe the clinical spectrum, morphological variants and sarcomere gene mutations in patients with HCM from northwestern Mexico.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with HCM by echocardiography. Morphological variants were classified as: asymmetric septal, concentric, mid-cavity, lateral, and apical according to the location of the greatest LV thickening. Next-generation sequencing was performed with a predesigned panel of 19 genes associated with HCM<em>.</em></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 110 patients (47.3% women; median age 58) were enrolled. Apical HCM was the most frequent morphological variant (42%), followed by asymmetric septal HCM (35%). Patients with apical HCM were older than those with other variants (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy had a higher septal/posterior wall thickness ratio (1.85 ± 0.6, <em>p</em> = 0.0001) and a larger left atrial anteroposterior diameter (48 ± 9, <em>p</em> = 0.0001). LV outflow obstruction, systolic anterior motion, and severe mitral regurgitation were more prevalent in patients with asymmetric septal HCM (<em>p</em> = 0.0001). Patients with concentric HCM had the greatest E/e’ ratio (16.3 ± 8, <em>p</em> = 0.01). Among genotyped patients, 44% had a sarcomeric gene mutation, most commonly MYBPC3 (24%) and MYH7 (7%), with no significant differences across morphological variants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Apical HCM was the most frequent morphological variant of HCM in the studied population. Consistent with global reports, MYBPC3 and MYH7 were the most commonly identified gene mutations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synovial Fluid Autoantibodies and Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis Potential Biomarkers and Insight into Disease Pathogenesis","authors":"Shiyao Wu ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Honglin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanli Xie ,&nbsp;Ying Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaou Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiaomei Cheng ,&nbsp;Quanzhen Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Zuo ,&nbsp;Tong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving chronic synovitis and bone erosion. Most patients with RA have autoantibodies in their blood. However, the characteristics of autoantibodies and cytokines in RA synovial fluid (SF) are not fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>SF samples were collected from 35 patients with RA and 10 with osteoarthritis (OA). Antigen microarrays were used to test for IgG and IgM antibodies, and Luminex was used to measure cytokines. Correlations between differentially expressed antibodies, cytokines, and clinical parameters were analyzed. KEGG and GO analysis were used to assess the genes of autoantibody targets and cytokines in RA SF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>51 IgM autoantibodies, 25 IgG autoantibodies, and 43 cytokines were identified as differently expressed in RA SF compared to patients with OA. Correlation analysis revealed associations between IgM and IgG and several clinical and laboratory indicators. Newly identified antibodies in RA include anti-vitronectin, anti-glutathione S-transferase P1, and anti-calmodulin. We also identified a new cytokine, interferon α2, in RA SF. IgM autoantibodies correlated positively with basic fibroblast growth factors, IL-1α, IL-2, and IL-3. IgG autoantibodies correlated positively with IL-9 and IL-12. KEGG and GO analysis revealed that the differentially expressed autoantibody targets and cytokines were involved in the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and positively regulated NF-κB activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We identified three new autoantibodies and a new cytokine in RA SF. These findings, along with our enrichment analysis, suggest a potential role for NETs in the RA synovial microenvironment. This deepens our understanding of RA synovial microenvironment and identifies new approaches for innovative treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of the Impact of Oxygen Concentrations on Thrombomodulin Expression in a First-Trimester Trophoblast Cell Line","authors":"Paula Cardona ,&nbsp;Daniel Palacios ,&nbsp;Anny Alvarez ,&nbsp;Alicia E. Damiano ,&nbsp;Reggie García-Robles ,&nbsp;Paola Ayala-Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The placenta is a transient organ essential for fetal development. Abnormal placental development can lead to obstetric syndromes, such as preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Physiological hypoxia activates intracellular pathways via hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs), which are crucial for placentation. This study uses an in vitro model to investigate the role of oxygen concentration in the expression of thrombomodulin (THBD), a protein involved in placental hemostasis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Swan 71, a first-trimester trophoblast cell line, was cultured under normoxic (21 % O₂) and physiological hypoxic (2 and 8 % O₂) conditions. Hypoxia/reoxygenation assays were also performed. To assess potential modulation of THBD expression by HIF-1α, cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) was used to stabilize HIF-1α, while zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) inhibited its expression. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were performed to quantify <em>THBD</em> and <em>KLF4</em> expression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant increases in THBD mRNA and protein levels were observed under 2 % O₂ conditions (<em>p</em> = 0.03). CoCl₂ treatment further enhanced <em>THBD</em> and <em>KLF4</em> expression (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01 in both experiments), while ZnCl₂ inhibited these effects (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). This suggests a key role for HIF-1α in THBD regulation. However, <em>in silico</em> analysis did not identify any direct hypoxia response elements within the human <em>THBD</em> gene, suggesting the presence of an indirect regulatory mechanism potentially involving KLF4.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>These results suggest that physiological hypoxia positively regulates <em>THBD</em> expression through HIF-1α stabilization and KLF4-mediation. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of placental adaptation to hypoxia and are relevant for understanding pregnancy complications like PE and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145535062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Outcomes of Psoriatic Arthritis in Daily Practice: Results from a Real World Cohort","authors":"Alireza Khabbazi ,&nbsp;Amir Jamshidi ,&nbsp;Nasrin Moghimi ,&nbsp;Kamal Esalatmanesh ,&nbsp;Zahra Mirfeizi ,&nbsp;Mehrzad Hajialilo ,&nbsp;Mehdi Jafarpour ,&nbsp;Omid Rahbar Farzam ,&nbsp;Maryam Saberivand ,&nbsp;Aida Malek Mahdavi","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and its influencing factors in real-world practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In the current multicenter study, 321 patients with PsA aged &gt;18 years, being followed-up for at least six months, and visited at least three times per year, were collected from four referral rheumatology centers. Disease outcomes were evaluated with rate of minimal disease activity (MDA), sustained remission, medication-free remission, and occurrence of clinically damaged joints from the time of diagnosis to the last visit.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean age at diagnosis was 41.7 years and median follow-up duration was 36 months. MDA and sustained remission occurred at least once in 228 and 74 patients. Medication-free remission occurred in 34 (10.7%) patients. At least one clinically damaged joint was present in 99 (30.8%) patients at the last visit. Current smoking and psoriasis phenotype of skin psoriasis were predictors of sustained remission. Having no flare after sustained remission and PsA before or concurrently with psoriasis were predictors of medication-free remission. Age at cohort entry over 40, starting PsA after psoriasis, and going to sustained remission over six months of treatment were predictors of having clinically damaged joints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A significant proportion of patients with PsA achieved sustained remission in daily practice; however, medication-free remission remained unachievable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Dialysis Modality Selection in a Global Mexican Institution: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"José Ramón Paniagua Sierra ,&nbsp;Alfonso Martín Cueto-Manzano ,&nbsp;Marcela Ávila Díaz ,&nbsp;María de Carmen Prado-Uribe ,&nbsp;Fabiola Martín del Campo ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Cuevas-Budhart ,&nbsp;Nelly González Audiffred ,&nbsp;María Begonia Ilabaca ,&nbsp;Juan José Salazar González ,&nbsp;Members of the Mexican Nephrology Collaborative Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although current clinical practice guidelines recommend shared decision-making among patients, families, and healthcare teams, the process remains insufficiently understood in real-world practice. This study analyzed the criteria that guide dialysis modality selection among patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted with 958 patients who initiated dialysis. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, dialysis settings, prescriptions, and participation in modality choice were collected and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 958 patients, 26.2% were on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), 34.2% on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and 39.5% on hemodialysis (HD). CAPD patients were older, and more frequently female and diabetic. They also had lower education levels and income. In contrast, APD patients were predominantly male with higher education levels and income. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was diagnosed more frequently, with a faster transition to PD. Patients on HD were less informed and trained than those on PD. Of the patients that participated in the selection of the modality of dialysis, 64.1% were on APD, 66.0% on CAPD, and 47.7% on HD. Dependence on caregivers was lowest in APD and highest in CAPD. HD patients experienced longer travel times and used more expensive private transportation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients are assigned to dialysis modalities according to an a priori criteria considered by dialysis committees, such as independence, clinical condition, and socioeconomic level. However, among patients starting RRT in private hospitals, the IMSS clinical practice guidelines are not consistently followed, particularly for those assigned to HD. Whether each modality offers real-world advantages in terms of survival or cost-effectiveness remains to be determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 4","pages":"Article 103385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Maternal Obesity on Offspring microRNA Profiles: A Systematic Review of Experimental Models","authors":"Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima ,&nbsp;Pauline Maciel August ,&nbsp;Ariadni Mesquita Peres ,&nbsp;Alessandra Gonçalves Machado ,&nbsp;Carine Lampert ,&nbsp;Joelma Alves ,&nbsp;Thiago Ângelo Smaniotto ,&nbsp;Rachel Krolow ,&nbsp;Carla Dalmaz ,&nbsp;Camila Perelló Ferrúa","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maternal malnutrition, including obesity, can have long-term adverse effects on offspring health, potentially mediated by epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs). These miRNAs play a critical role in regulating gene expression and may contribute to the developmental programming of offspring outcomes. This systematic review aimed to explore the association between maternal obesity during pregnancy and miRNA alterations in offspring, focusing on evidence from animal models. A comprehensive search of the Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases identified 811 articles, 15 of which met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed significant variability in the miRNAs and target tissues studied. Across the reviewed studies, 35 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in offspring exposed to maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy. These alterations were predominantly observed in the brain, liver, cardiac tissue, and adipose tissue, affecting processes related to insulin signaling, development and growth, immune response, and lipid metabolism. The observed miRNA alterations support the hypothesis that a maternal high-fat diet may induce a programmed epigenetic signature in offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic Risk Scores for Breast Cancer: Modern Approaches to Risk Prediction and Subtype Identification","authors":"Krishna Dipp-Martin ,&nbsp;Sandra Karina Santuario-Facio ,&nbsp;Rocío Ortiz-Lopez ,&nbsp;Rafael Argüello-Astorga ,&nbsp;Faviel Francisco González-Galarza","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer (BC), a complex disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells, poses a major global health challenge. Its increasing prevalence is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While hereditary mutations in high-risk genes contribute to only a small percentage of cases, the majority may be influenced by common genetic variations that collectively determine individual susceptibility. The polygenic risk score (PRS) has emerged as a transformative tool that leverages the cumulative effects of multiple genetic variants to improve risk prediction beyond traditional single-gene models. When integrated with conventional risk factors, such as age, reproductive history, and modifiable lifestyle behaviors, PRS offers a more comprehensive approach to personalized risk assessment. Recent studies highlight its potential to guide targeted screening strategies, early interventions, and precision prevention efforts. This review provides insight into current PRS research and its clinical applications in BC risk stratification. It also explores the promise of PRS in shaping the future of precision oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":"Article 103319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}