Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of High-Altitude Reference Values for the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value in Healthy Adults Living in Mexico City","authors":"Luis M Amezcua-Guerra ,&nbsp;Malinalli Brianza-Padilla ,&nbsp;Mireya Martínez-García ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Esparza","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) is a novel composite biomarker that combines neutrophil, monocyte, platelet, and lymphocyte counts. It is useful for prognostic stratification across various clinical conditions. However, reference values for PIV have predominantly been established in populations living below 1000 m, which limits its applicability in high-altitude regions.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To establish reference values for PIV and its hematological components in healthy adults living in Mexico City.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the Tlalpan 2020 cohort, a prospective study of healthy adults aged 20–50 from Mexico City, were analyzed. Reference values were determined following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, with stratification by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2290 participants (63% women) with a mean age of 37.0 ± 9.1 years were included. The mean PIV was 249.6 ± 416.9, which decreased to 221.9 ± 332.2 after excluding outliers. Significant sex differences were observed, with women exhibiting higher PIV values. The reference ranges for the total cohort were 65.8–491.6, with sex-specific ranges of 66.7–519.1 for women and 62.8–441.3 for men. Women also had higher reference values for neutrophils and platelets, while monocytes and lymphocytes were similar between sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides high-altitude-specific reference values for PIV and its components in Mexico City’s population, which are notably lower than those in low-altitude regions. The observed sex differences highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable when interpreting immunoinflammatory biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"Article 103281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Longitudinal Weight Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From a Comprehensive Care Program","authors":"Ana C. García-Ulloa ,&nbsp;Liliana Pérez-Peralta ,&nbsp;Luz E. Urbina-Arronte ,&nbsp;José L. Cárdenas-Fragoso ,&nbsp;Maria V. Landa-Anell ,&nbsp;Marco A. Melgarejo-Hernández ,&nbsp;Valeria Miranda Gil ,&nbsp;Sergio Ponce-de-León ,&nbsp;Sergio Hernández-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Group of Study CAIPaDi","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Overweight and obesity are prevalent conditions that contribute to significant health problems, including type two diabetes (T2D). Moderate weight loss improves metabolic control and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with T2D who experienced weight changes after a multidisciplinary intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 622 patients with complete 3-year follow-up information. Inclusion criteria were less than 5-years since diabetes diagnosis and an absence of disabling chronic complications. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for group comparisons, and logistic regression to identify predictors of weight change.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants were 56.2 % women, with an average age of 55.8 ± 10.5 years. 53 % were overweight and 47 % were obese at baseline. At 3-years, 35.5 % lost weight, 33.9 % maintained weight, and 30.5 % gained weight; 16.6 % achieved a normal weight. Patients who gained weight were younger than those who lost or maintained it (60 vs. 61 years, <em>p</em> = 0.04). Higher baseline HbA1c (OR 1.14, 95 % CI 1.03–1.26, <em>p</em> = 0.008) and lower quality of life at three months (OR 1.48, 95 % CI 0.95–2.28, <em>p</em> = 0.07) were associated with weight gain. Higher baseline BMI (OR 0.90, 95 % CI 0.85–0.95, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), longer diabetes duration (OR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.70–0.94, <em>p</em> = 0.005), and iSGLT2 treatment were linked to weight loss.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Only 16 % of patients achieved normal weight after 3-years: 35.5 % lost weight, 33.9 % maintained their weight, and 30.5 % gained weight. Identifying predictors of weight change may guide targeted interventions in diabetes care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"Article 103271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Primer on Monkeypox Infection: An Emerging Threat to Global Public Health","authors":"Rasanpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Saurabh Gupta ,&nbsp;Shreya Pathak ,&nbsp;Manish Sharma ,&nbsp;Deepak Parashar ,&nbsp;Bhuvnesh Prasad Sharma ,&nbsp;Vivek Kashyap ,&nbsp;Jitendra Singh ,&nbsp;Chakresh Jain ,&nbsp;Prem Shankar","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monkeypox (mpox) is caused by a poxvirus closely related to the smallpox virus. It spreads by intimate contact between humans and animals. Prior immunization against smallpox only provides partial protection against mpox. Recently, the WHO declared mpox as a global public health emergency. Mpox is characterized by a brief febrile illness with lymphadenopathy, followed by a rash that develops in phases of macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules, spreading centrifugally. Most patients recover within two to four weeks. Children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals are more likely to experience complications. A precise laboratory diagnosis can be made by using a molecular method, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viral DNA in the tested sample. Most of the treatment is symptomatic, and supportive care is usually sufficient for moderate, self-limited cases of mpox. However, antiviral medications, such as tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir, as well as vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (VIGIV), are available as therapeutic options. For high-risk groups, such as healthcare professionals and close contacts, vaccination with currently available smallpox vaccines is advised. This review emphasizes an overview of the history, etiology, epidemiology, structure, reservoirs, transmission, virus phylogeny, genome organization, clinical cases and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mpox with recent updates. Therefore, a multifaceted approach is essential and includes improved surveillance, early diagnosis, isolation of index cases, immunization, and adoption of a “One Health” approach to prevent an mpox outbreak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"Article 103279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living in Latin America: A Systematic Review”","authors":"ARUNSUNDAR MOHANASUNDARAM ,&nbsp;JEREMIAH OLUWATOMI ITODO DANIEL ,&nbsp;BHUSHAN PATIL","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulation and Exercise Therapy: A Synergistic Approach to Improve Physical Mobility","authors":"JIA DONG JAMES WANG ,&nbsp;LING-LING CHAN ,&nbsp;YEW LONG LO ,&nbsp;ENG KING TAN","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"Article 103282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Inhibition Reduces Synovial Hyperproliferation and Metabolic Reprogramming Under Hypoxia in Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Meican Ma,&nbsp;Ting Liu,&nbsp;Haifeng Chen,&nbsp;Zhao Wang,&nbsp;Jie Zhou,&nbsp;Yu Zhou,&nbsp;Fenghong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In hypoxic conditions, the acidic environment characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induces metabolic changes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), markedly promoting the synovial proliferation. Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) plays a crucial role in cellular pH regulation and synovial fibroblast activation by regulating lactate export. This study investigates the impact of MCT4 inhibition on RA and elucidates its underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>RA-FLS cells were treated with siMCT4 and VB124 (a selective MCT4 inhibitor), significantly affecting glucose and glutamine uptake and altering lactate efflux. Metabolite analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed the mechanisms of carbon metabolism reprogramming. ChIP-qPCR analysis demonstrated changes in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1-α) binding to the MCT4 promoter. The therapeutic effects of siMCT4 and VB124 were validated in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, and their efficacy was assessed through arthritis scores and histological examination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In patients with RA, MCT4 levels are significantly elevated. Inhibition of MCT4 effectively reduces synovial hyperproliferation and impacts metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, blocking MCT4 in RA-FLS reduces glucose consumption and lactate production while remodeling the metabolic landscape by increasing fumarate, citrate, and malate levels, and decreasing glucose-6-phosphate and aspartate levels. This metabolic shift is accompanied by improvements in mitochondrial structure and function, reduced mitochondrial swelling, and decreased oxidative stress, underscoring the relationship between MCT4 inhibition and cellular energetics. Furthermore, our investigations reveal that HIF1-α directly regulates MCT4 activation, providing a molecular mechanism by which hypoxia promotes MCT4-mediated metabolic reprogramming.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight MCT4 as a central regulator of RA proliferation and a promising therapeutic target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"Article 103283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Risk Stratification Score for Predicting First Episode of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Cirrhosis","authors":"Nasser Mousa ,&nbsp;Sherif Elbaz ,&nbsp;Alaa Elmetwalli ,&nbsp;Marwa Mansour ,&nbsp;Mostafa Abdelsalam ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdelaziz ,&nbsp;Manal Hashem ,&nbsp;Ola El-Emam ,&nbsp;Niveen El-wakeel ,&nbsp;Ayman Elgamal ,&nbsp;Mohamed Wahba ,&nbsp;Mohamed Selim ,&nbsp;Muhammad Diasty ,&nbsp;Wesam Elderiny ,&nbsp;Adel El-Assmy ,&nbsp;Eman Abdelkader","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Although endoscopy is the standard method for diagnosing esophageal varices (EV), it is only available in developed countries. This study aims to identify predictors of the initial variceal bleeding (VB) occurrence and to develop a scoring system to predict the VB in patients with cirrhosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed 236 patients with cirrhosis who experienced their first upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) episode. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for VB and create a scoring system. We assessed the predictive ability of the scoring system using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the included patients, 154 had EV as the bleeding source. The following were identified as independent risk factors for the first VB episode: age over 60 years, diabetes mellitus (DM), absence of ischemic heart disease, platelets below 130,000/uL, albumin &gt;2.9 g/dL, bilirubin level &gt;1.4 mg/dL, and Child-Pugh score B. A score was developed by assigning points to each risk factor and summing the total score (maximum 7 points). This score was categorized into three risk groups: low risk &lt;3 points; intermediate risk 3–4 points; and high risk ≥5 points. The performance score was assessed using AUC-ROC analysis. Both the low- and high-risk categories had high sensitivity but low specificity, while the intermediate-risk group had balanced sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our score is a valuable noninvasive tool for predicting the first VB episode. It helps determine the urgency of endoscopy and the need for aggressive management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living in Latin America: A Systematic Review","authors":"DAVID CAMACHO ,&nbsp;PAMELA TELLA-VEGA ,&nbsp;FERNANDO A. WAGNER ,&nbsp;CAROLINA SANTAMARÍA-ULLOA ,&nbsp;AMANDA LEHNING ,&nbsp;JOSEPH J. GALLO ,&nbsp;CARMEN GARCIA-PEÑA","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Access to Post-Pandemic Mental Health Care: An Action Proposal","authors":"Nicole Lobos-Villatoro,&nbsp;Carlos Güida,&nbsp;Osvaldo Artaza","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spironolactone Partially Reverses Autism-Like Behaviors Linked to ErbB4 and mTOR Phosphorylation in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum","authors":"David Zarate-Lopez ,&nbsp;Rosendo García-Carrillo ,&nbsp;Luis Castro-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Alma Y. Galvez-Contreras ,&nbsp;Oscar Gonzalez-Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental influences that lead to atypical brain development, particularly in regions such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex. There is increasing evidence linking the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR or ErbB1) to the etiopathogenesis of ASD. However, ErbB4, another ErbB member, has also been implicated in this process. To investigate whether dysregulation of ErbB4 and its downstream mTOR signaling pathway in the striatum and prefrontal cortex contributes to stereotypical behaviors and social deficits in an autism-like rodent model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the phosphorylation levels of ErbB4and mTOR in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of 31 d old mice that were prenatally exposed to valproate (VPA; 500 mg/kg) or the control vehicle (0.9 % NaCl). Social and stereotypic behaviors were assessed using the three-chamber social test and the marble burying test, respectively. Then, the VPA groups were treated with 50 mg/kg of spironolactone, a selective ErbB4 antagonist.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prenatal exposure to VPA induced deficits in social interaction and an increase in repetitive behaviors. These behaviors coexist with dysregulation of the ErbB4 phosphorylation and modifications in the mTOR signaling pathway in both brain regions. Treatment with spironolactone reduced repetitive behaviors, which was consistent with reduced ErbB4 phosphorylation and mTOR signaling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results support the idea that ErbB4 has abnormal expression and activity levels in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Antagonizing ErbB4 with spironolactone improves repetitive behavioral patterns associated with ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}