Archives of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"A Primer on Monkeypox Infection: An Emerging Threat to Global Public Health","authors":"Rasanpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Saurabh Gupta ,&nbsp;Shreya Pathak ,&nbsp;Manish Sharma ,&nbsp;Deepak Parashar ,&nbsp;Bhuvnesh Prasad Sharma ,&nbsp;Vivek Kashyap ,&nbsp;Jitendra Singh ,&nbsp;Chakresh Jain ,&nbsp;Prem Shankar","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monkeypox (mpox) is caused by a poxvirus closely related to the smallpox virus. It spreads by intimate contact between humans and animals. Prior immunization against smallpox only provides partial protection against mpox. Recently, the WHO declared mpox as a global public health emergency. Mpox is characterized by a brief febrile illness with lymphadenopathy, followed by a rash that develops in phases of macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules, spreading centrifugally. Most patients recover within two to four weeks. Children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals are more likely to experience complications. A precise laboratory diagnosis can be made by using a molecular method, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viral DNA in the tested sample. Most of the treatment is symptomatic, and supportive care is usually sufficient for moderate, self-limited cases of mpox. However, antiviral medications, such as tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir, as well as vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (VIGIV), are available as therapeutic options. For high-risk groups, such as healthcare professionals and close contacts, vaccination with currently available smallpox vaccines is advised. This review emphasizes an overview of the history, etiology, epidemiology, structure, reservoirs, transmission, virus phylogeny, genome organization, clinical cases and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mpox with recent updates. Therefore, a multifaceted approach is essential and includes improved surveillance, early diagnosis, isolation of index cases, immunization, and adoption of a “One Health” approach to prevent an mpox outbreak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"Article 103279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living in Latin America: A Systematic Review”","authors":"ARUNSUNDAR MOHANASUNDARAM ,&nbsp;JEREMIAH OLUWATOMI ITODO DANIEL ,&nbsp;BHUSHAN PATIL","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulation and Exercise Therapy: A Synergistic Approach to Improve Physical Mobility","authors":"JIA DONG JAMES WANG ,&nbsp;LING-LING CHAN ,&nbsp;YEW LONG LO ,&nbsp;ENG KING TAN","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"Article 103282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Inhibition Reduces Synovial Hyperproliferation and Metabolic Reprogramming Under Hypoxia in Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Meican Ma,&nbsp;Ting Liu,&nbsp;Haifeng Chen,&nbsp;Zhao Wang,&nbsp;Jie Zhou,&nbsp;Yu Zhou,&nbsp;Fenghong Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In hypoxic conditions, the acidic environment characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induces metabolic changes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), markedly promoting the synovial proliferation. Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) plays a crucial role in cellular pH regulation and synovial fibroblast activation by regulating lactate export. This study investigates the impact of MCT4 inhibition on RA and elucidates its underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>RA-FLS cells were treated with siMCT4 and VB124 (a selective MCT4 inhibitor), significantly affecting glucose and glutamine uptake and altering lactate efflux. Metabolite analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed the mechanisms of carbon metabolism reprogramming. ChIP-qPCR analysis demonstrated changes in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1-α) binding to the MCT4 promoter. The therapeutic effects of siMCT4 and VB124 were validated in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, and their efficacy was assessed through arthritis scores and histological examination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In patients with RA, MCT4 levels are significantly elevated. Inhibition of MCT4 effectively reduces synovial hyperproliferation and impacts metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, blocking MCT4 in RA-FLS reduces glucose consumption and lactate production while remodeling the metabolic landscape by increasing fumarate, citrate, and malate levels, and decreasing glucose-6-phosphate and aspartate levels. This metabolic shift is accompanied by improvements in mitochondrial structure and function, reduced mitochondrial swelling, and decreased oxidative stress, underscoring the relationship between MCT4 inhibition and cellular energetics. Furthermore, our investigations reveal that HIF1-α directly regulates MCT4 activation, providing a molecular mechanism by which hypoxia promotes MCT4-mediated metabolic reprogramming.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight MCT4 as a central regulator of RA proliferation and a promising therapeutic target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"Article 103283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Risk Stratification Score for Predicting First Episode of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Cirrhosis","authors":"Nasser Mousa ,&nbsp;Sherif Elbaz ,&nbsp;Alaa Elmetwalli ,&nbsp;Marwa Mansour ,&nbsp;Mostafa Abdelsalam ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdelaziz ,&nbsp;Manal Hashem ,&nbsp;Ola El-Emam ,&nbsp;Niveen El-wakeel ,&nbsp;Ayman Elgamal ,&nbsp;Mohamed Wahba ,&nbsp;Mohamed Selim ,&nbsp;Muhammad Diasty ,&nbsp;Wesam Elderiny ,&nbsp;Adel El-Assmy ,&nbsp;Eman Abdelkader","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Although endoscopy is the standard method for diagnosing esophageal varices (EV), it is only available in developed countries. This study aims to identify predictors of the initial variceal bleeding (VB) occurrence and to develop a scoring system to predict the VB in patients with cirrhosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed 236 patients with cirrhosis who experienced their first upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) episode. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for VB and create a scoring system. We assessed the predictive ability of the scoring system using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the included patients, 154 had EV as the bleeding source. The following were identified as independent risk factors for the first VB episode: age over 60 years, diabetes mellitus (DM), absence of ischemic heart disease, platelets below 130,000/uL, albumin &gt;2.9 g/dL, bilirubin level &gt;1.4 mg/dL, and Child-Pugh score B. A score was developed by assigning points to each risk factor and summing the total score (maximum 7 points). This score was categorized into three risk groups: low risk &lt;3 points; intermediate risk 3–4 points; and high risk ≥5 points. The performance score was assessed using AUC-ROC analysis. Both the low- and high-risk categories had high sensitivity but low specificity, while the intermediate-risk group had balanced sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our score is a valuable noninvasive tool for predicting the first VB episode. It helps determine the urgency of endoscopy and the need for aggressive management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Loneliness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults Living in Latin America: A Systematic Review","authors":"DAVID CAMACHO ,&nbsp;PAMELA TELLA-VEGA ,&nbsp;FERNANDO A. WAGNER ,&nbsp;CAROLINA SANTAMARÍA-ULLOA ,&nbsp;AMANDA LEHNING ,&nbsp;JOSEPH J. GALLO ,&nbsp;CARMEN GARCIA-PEÑA","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Access to Post-Pandemic Mental Health Care: An Action Proposal","authors":"Nicole Lobos-Villatoro,&nbsp;Carlos Güida,&nbsp;Osvaldo Artaza","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spironolactone Partially Reverses Autism-Like Behaviors Linked to ErbB4 and mTOR Phosphorylation in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum","authors":"David Zarate-Lopez ,&nbsp;Rosendo García-Carrillo ,&nbsp;Luis Castro-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Alma Y. Galvez-Contreras ,&nbsp;Oscar Gonzalez-Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental influences that lead to atypical brain development, particularly in regions such as the striatum and prefrontal cortex. There is increasing evidence linking the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR or ErbB1) to the etiopathogenesis of ASD. However, ErbB4, another ErbB member, has also been implicated in this process. To investigate whether dysregulation of ErbB4 and its downstream mTOR signaling pathway in the striatum and prefrontal cortex contributes to stereotypical behaviors and social deficits in an autism-like rodent model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed the phosphorylation levels of ErbB4and mTOR in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of 31 d old mice that were prenatally exposed to valproate (VPA; 500 mg/kg) or the control vehicle (0.9 % NaCl). Social and stereotypic behaviors were assessed using the three-chamber social test and the marble burying test, respectively. Then, the VPA groups were treated with 50 mg/kg of spironolactone, a selective ErbB4 antagonist.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prenatal exposure to VPA induced deficits in social interaction and an increase in repetitive behaviors. These behaviors coexist with dysregulation of the ErbB4 phosphorylation and modifications in the mTOR signaling pathway in both brain regions. Treatment with spironolactone reduced repetitive behaviors, which was consistent with reduced ErbB4 phosphorylation and mTOR signaling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results support the idea that ErbB4 has abnormal expression and activity levels in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Antagonizing ErbB4 with spironolactone improves repetitive behavioral patterns associated with ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103254"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Cyclosporin A and Tacrolimus in The Treatment of Endometriosis of Rats","authors":"Cagla Bahar Bulbul ,&nbsp;Gulay Turan ,&nbsp;Ceyda Sancakli Usta ,&nbsp;Ozgur Bulmus ,&nbsp;Akin Usta","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying endometriosis are still under investigation. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is an inflammatory marker secreted by various types of cells in an inflammatory condition. During inflammation, CypA exacerbates the inflammatory response by activating calcineurin signaling, which increases cytokine secretion and tissue degradation in the inflammatory region. This study investigated the effect of inhibiting calcineurin signaling in treating endometriosis in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-two albino Wistar rats were used in this study. All rats were divided into three groups: cyclosporin A (<em>n</em> = 10), tacrolimus (<em>n</em> = 10) and a control group (<em>n</em> = 12). The cyclosporin A (CsA) group received two intraperitoneal doses two weeks apart, and the tacrolimus group received the same two doses intravenously, also two weeks apart. All studies lasted eight weeks. The processed endometrial tissues were cut in half and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections (5 µm) were stained with Ki-67, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and VEGF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The endometriotic focus size was 204.7 ± 153.4 mm³, 71.9 ± 85.4 mm³, and 30.6 ± 36.7 mm³ in the control, CsA, and tacrolimus groups, respectively. Compared to the control group, the endometriotic focus size was smaller in the CsA and tacrolimus groups (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Microscopically, Ki-67 (<em>p</em> = 0.010) and VEGF (<em>p</em> = 0.007) immunoreactivity were lower in the CsA and tacrolimus groups than in controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The inhibition of calcineurin signaling with CsA or tacrolimus treatment causes regression of the endometriotic focus by decreasing endometriotic cell proliferation and angiogenesis in ectopic endometriotic tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catheter Ablation of Triggers and Arrhythmogenic Epicardial Substrates in Patients With QT Prolongation","authors":"Yoga Yuniadi,&nbsp;Dicky A. Hanafy,&nbsp;Sunu B. Raharjo,&nbsp;Dony Y. Hermanto","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Long QT syndrome (LQTS) ablation is currently limited to high-risk or refractory cases, targeting the elimination of triggers such as ventricular premature contraction (VPC). However, the characteristics of the underlying substrate and the role of radiofrequency ablation have not been extensively discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Results</h3><div>Eight symptomatic patients with LQTS (all women; aged 36 ± 10.2 years) underwent 3-D endocardial and epicardial mapping of triggers and/or substrates of ventricular arrhythmias. Genetic testing revealed P1093A mutations in the <em>KCNH2</em> gene, H558R mutations in the <em>SCN5A</em> gene, and K28E mutations in the <em>KCNH2</em> gene in three patients, respectively. A total of 13 VPC morphologies were identified, including five right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) VPCs, one basal lateral RV, two from inferoapical RV, one from the lateral to annulus tricuspid, three from basal lateral LV and one from epicardial site of the lateral mitral annulus. Epicardial voltage mapping revealed moderate to extensive areas of scar and low voltage in all patients. The localized abnormal ventricular activities (LAVAs) were recorded in all patients and were successfully ablated. The corrected QT interval (QTc) shortened after the epicardial LAVA elimination (594.9 ± 85.98 ms vs. 490 ± 67.49 ms, <em>p</em> = 0.001). During a mean follow-up period of 288 ± 147.4 d (range 170–492 d), two patients experienced ventricular tachycardia (VT) /ventricular fibrillation (VF) recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Regional and limited epicardial LAVAs could be identified in patients with LQTS. Radiofrequency ablation of VPC triggers and epicardial LAVAs had a modest effect on preventing future VT/VF recurrences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8318,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Research","volume":"56 7","pages":"Article 103257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}