Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Novel Indirect ELISA Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Using a Highly Sensitive RBD -Nucleoprotein Fusion Antigen.","authors":"Sam Sohrab, Farahmand Behrokh, Ofoghi Hamideh","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.957","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential for efficient disease management. Traditionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detecting IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have relied on single antigens, such as the spike or nucleoprotein. However, the test sensitivity has not been satisfactory. This study diverges from conventional approaches by developing an indirect ELISA assay utilizing a novel, highly sensitive fusion antigen incorporating both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleoprotein (N). The physicochemical characteristics of this unique antigen were examined and confirmed through experimental validation in our recent research. Our primary objective is to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of the ELISA assay. The indirect ELISA assay was developed using a novel fusion antigen incorporating both the RBD and nucleoprotein (N) of SARS-CoV-2. A cohort of 112 patients presenting with COVID-19 symptoms was evaluated to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Additionally, 25 serum samples from healthy individuals were selected as the negative control group. The study was conducted in Tehran Province, Iran, from March to July 2022. Serum samples from patients who tested positive using the real-time PCR method were collected, and an in-house indirect ELISA assay was developed. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated and compared with the results of the commercial Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, which served as the gold standard. The ROC curve was analyzed using GraphPad Prism to assess the accuracy and reliability of the in-house ELISA assay. The in-house ELISA assay developed in this study demonstrated successful performance and showed 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity in detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.976, indicating high accuracy. Our in-house ELISA assay exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, underscoring its suitability for commercial development as a reliable diagnostic kit for detecting COVID-19 cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"957-968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of postpartum PGF2α treatment on reproductive performance and prevention of specific uterine disorders in dairy cows.","authors":"Omar Karima Hadj, Nabi Mustapha, Kalem Ammar, Boucif Ahmed, Kalem Tafsut, Salhi Omar, Lounes Azzize, Khelifi Touhami Nadjet Amina, Ouchene Nassim","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.861","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PGF2α treatment administered after parturition on key reproductive parameters, the incidence of postpartum pathologies, and the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. The study involved two groups of dairy cows: a control group (C, n=20) and an experimental group (E, n=20) that received PGF2α treatment. Postpartum pathologies, ovarian cyclicity, and reproductive performance indicators were compared between the two groups. Postpartum pathologies were observed at a higher rate in the control group, with a 30% prevalence of retained placenta, 20% for both delayed uterine involution and clinical endometritis, and 5% for pyometra. In contrast, the experimental group exhibited a lower incidence: 10% for retained placenta, 5% for delayed uterine involution, 5% for clinical endometritis and 0% for pyometra. Although these results suggest a trend toward a lower incidence of postpartum pathologies in treated cows, the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Regarding the resumption of ovarian cyclicity, the control group showed a resumption rate of only 15%, whereas 65% of the experimental group resumed cyclicity. This yielded an odds ratio of 10.52 and a highly significant p-value (<0.01), indicating that PGF2α treatment effectively hastened the return to normal ovarian function. Reproductive performance was also improved in the experimental group, with first insemination (AI1) success rate of 45% compared to 30% in the control group (OR = 1.93). The waiting period was significantly shorter in the experimental group (73 vs. 98 days, p< 0.001), and both calving-to-fertilization and calving-to-calving intervals were reduced by approximately 31 days (p<0.001). However, the overall reduction in the breeding period remained inconclusive. While PGF2α treatment did not significantly reduce postpartum pathologies, it markedly enhanced the resumption of ovarian cyclicity and improved reproductive intervals in dairy cows, leading to enhanced reproductive efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"861-867"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages against Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</i> from Wastewater Samples.","authors":"Mokari Saba, Azizi Jalilian Farid, Shokri Somayeh, Teimoori Ali, Mahmoudvand Shahab","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1005","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most important global health problems in the last decade is the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. Phage therapy is considered a highly efficient alternative to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed isolate lytic phages against clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> from wastewater samples. In this study, different samples were collected, and the presence of phage was confirmed by a double layer test. The protein and genomic structure were verified using SDS- PAGE and RAPD- PCR techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for the evaluation of morphology. The isolated phage's stability was assessed by subjecting it to different temperature and pH conditions. An adsorption assay test was conducted to determine the duration of phage absorption to corresponding host bacteria. In this study, we isolated three lytic phages (k.8, k.22, and k.34) that target <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicated that all three phages belong to the Siphoviridae family. Additionally, our investigation demonstrated that these phages remain stable within a temperature range of 4°C to 50°C and a pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. The adsorption assay tests showed that the isolated phages were able to attach to their corresponding host bacteria within 6 to 9 minutes. The present study demonstrated that the isolated phages targeting <i>K. pneumoniae</i> exhibited a favorable survival rate when subjected to pH and thermal treatments. Furthermore, the isolated phages exhibited a short latent period, indicating rapid adsorption to the host surface. These findings suggest the potential application of these phages in phage therapy. However, further studies in the field of phage therapy are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1005-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Invasive Contamination of Lymnaeidae Snails with Trematodes According to Species and Sampling Location in Lorestan province, Iran, Middle East.","authors":"Mirfendereski Ramtin, Shemshadi Bahar, Hashemi Saeid, Shirali Saloomeh","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.853","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radicine snails are of considerable medical and veterinary importance as termatode vectors. These snails are responsible for transmission of the zoonotic trematodes including Schistosoma turkestanicum and Fasciola gigantica in Iran. This study investigates Lymnaedae infestation by termatodes, considering the species and sampling locations. 1,700 snails were collected from the suburbs of Borujerd, Khorram Abad, and Dorud in Lorestan, Iran from April to August 2018. Round snails were separated, and Snail species were identified by measuring length, width, spire, and valve, using the shape of the radula as an identification key. To separate the radula, snails soft tissue was removed from the shell using forceps, then incubated in a 7% potassium solution for 24 hours at room temperature. The isolated radula was placed in a 15% acetic acid solution. It was then placed in Mallory's dye solution for 3 minutes and sunsequently washed with an oxalic acid solution. After dehydration with 96% ethanol, the samples were examined under a light microscope. To investigate trematode larvae in snails, 10% of the snail samples (a total of 170 Lymnaeidae snails) were selected and examined using the crushing method on a slide. The morphological results showed that in Dorud and Borujerd, the highest distribution of Lymnaea gedrosiana was 24.09% and 19.72%, while the lowest distribution of Bulinus truncatus was 4.72% and 4.48%, respectively. Lymnaea species were the most abundant in plain villages, whereas Bithynia and Physa were more commonly observed in mountain villages. In Khorram Abad, the highest distribution was related to Lymnaea truncatula (20.15%), while the lowest distribution was related to Lymnaea stagnalis (5.56%). The genera Bithynia and Physa showed a significant increase in mountainous villages of Khorram Abad compared to those in Borujerd and Dorud. The overall infectionrate of Lymneidae snails with termatodes was 32.94%, including 18.23% in Borujerd, 8.23% in Dorud, and 6.47% in Khorramabad. According to the chi-square test (p<0.05), a significant difference was observed in the rate of trematode infection in Lymneade snails. In this regard, the Borujerd region exhibited the highest rate of infection, whereas Khorram Abad showed the lowest.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"853-859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm, and Cytotoxicity Activity of Astragalus Baba-Alliar Extract Against Main Causes of Dental Root Canal Infections.","authors":"Shakib Pegah, Dalaei Moghadam Maryam, Hemmati Aida, Sepahdar Asma, Bahadorikhalili Saeed, Rezaei Mohammad","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.907","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of endodontic treatment is paramount: to completely eradicate bacterial infection within the dental pulp and root canal system. This study aimed to evaluate the Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity activity of Astragalus baba-alliar (A. baba-alliar) extract against the main causes of dental root canal infections, which areEnterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. After preparing the methanolic extract from A. baba-alliar, phytochemical analysis was conducted to determine the content of secondary metabolites, followed by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).Subsequently, the ability of the methanolic extract to inhibit biofilm formation was investigated using the microtiter plate method. The cytotoxic effects of the methanolic extract on normal human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1) and oral cancer cells (KB) were evaluated using the MTT reduction method. Based on the phytochemical results, the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and polysaccharides in this plant extract was confirmed. The total phenol and flavonoid content were determined to be 4.23 mg GEA/g DW and 2.61 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The methanol extract of the plant, both alone and in combination with nystatin, exhibited a significant anti-candidal effect against C. albicans, while alone and especially in combination with chlorhexidine, it demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect against E. faecalis. Moreover, the extract alone and in combination with nystatin, induced biofilm formation in C. albicans with an MBIC50 of 4.6 μg/ml, 64 μg/ml, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. Similarly, the extract alone and combined with chlorhexidine inhibited biofilm formation in E. faecalis with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) of 42.6 μg/ml and 1.16 μg/ml, respectively. The calculated Selectivity Index (SI) exceeding 2 (SI=2.72) indicates the extract's selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells while maintaining negligible toxicity toward normal cells. Based on the antimicrobial properties uncovered in this research, the study is anticipated to lay the groundwork for clinical trials and subsequent investigations into the plant's active compounds. Such endeavors hold potential for application across various industrial sectors, including food, pharmaceuticals, and medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"907-916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotyping of human papillomaviruses in patients with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis in Firouzgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Nadri Mahsa, Hamkar Rasool, Khorami Shahveh Pardis, Hamidi Adel","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.887","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (also known as Laryngeal Papillomatosis) is a benign, sporadic tumor primarily affecting children, caused by the papillomavirus. The estimated prevalence of this condition is approximately four cases per 100,000 children and two cases per 100,000 adults. Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, commonly associated with genital warts, are the predominant strains implicated in the disease. The most common symptoms include airway obstruction, voice disturbances, and difficulty speaking. These lesions are typically integrated and rarely appear in isolation; in rare cases, they may progress toward malignancy. A total of thirty-one laryngeal samples from patients with a positive pathological diagnosis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) were collected from the hospital's Ear, Nose, and Throat department. Each sample was preserved in formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin blocks. A form containing detailed patient information accompanied the samples. After confirming the presence of the β-globulin gene in the DNA of the samples, specific primers (MY09/11 and GP5+/6+) were employed to detect human papillomavirus (HPV). Among the 31 samples, 29 contained the HPV genome, with HPV-6 identified in 13 samples and HPV-11 in 16 samples. The phylogenetic tree of the isolated HPV strains was subsequently plotted. Statistical analyses revealed no significant difference in the incidence of HPV between men and women, nor in the incidence of RRP. However, a significant correlation was identified between residing in suburban areas, low income, and welfare status, and the incidence of RRP. Additionally, the research indicated that RRP lesions predominantly affect pediatric patients, with only a small proportion of adults affected. Further extensive studies are necessary to elucidate the main risk factors associated with RRP patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"887-896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Advancing Animal Biotechnology: A Review.","authors":"R R Siva Kiran, P Dhamodhar","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.819","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into animal biotechnology is revolutionizing the field, particularly in developing countries where agriculture and livestock play significant roles in the economy. AI and ML enable more efficient data analysis in areas such as genetic optimization, disease prediction, and livestock management, improving both productivity and sustainability. With the growing availability of data, AI-driven models can process large volumes of information from diverse sources such as environmental conditions, genetic markers, and health records, offering more precise insights than traditional methods. Recent advancements include AI-powered diagnostic systems for detecting and managing disease outbreaks, which allow for faster response times and more targeted interventions, ultimately reducing economic losses. Enhanced breeding techniques, now, leverage machine learning algorithms to predict desirable genetic traits, enabling farmers to make data-driven breeding choices. Feed efficiency improvements, another critical area, benefit from AI's ability to analyze nutrient requirements and optimize feeding schedules based on individual animal needs, reducing waste and costs. Additionally, AI is increasingly applied to animal health monitoring, using tools such as sound-based systems and piezoelectric sensors embedded in smart collars to track behaviors indicative of health issues. In the dairy sector, AI models assess health risks like nitrate contamination in milk, contributing to safer food production and improving public health. In genetic studies, AI enhances selective breeding, improving traits such as growth and disease resistance. This manuscript reviews the transformative role of AI and ML in animal biotechnology, focusing on developing regions where resource optimization is crucial. By simplifying complex techniques and providing step-by-step tutorials, this work aims to equip researchers and practitioners with practical tools to harness AI in animal biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"819-832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Isolates from Caught Fish of the Caspian Sea.","authors":"Yazdanpanah Elaheh, Rajabi Zahra, Maftoon Hamideh, Mirbagheri Seyedeh Zohre, Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.937","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (<i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>) is a marine bacterium widely recognized as a predominant causative agent of bacterial foodborne outbreaks globally. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of toxin-producing genes and antibiotic resistance patterns in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> isolates obtained from fish caught in the Caspian Sea. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, involving 220 fish samples from four fish species (<i>Rutilus kutum</i>, <i>Mugilidae</i>, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> and <i>Perca</i>). Samples underwent enriched and culture for bacteriological and biochemical examination. Isolates were confirmed using the 16S rRNA flagella-specific gene of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the diskdiffusion method. Additionally, PCR was employed to detect three virulence genes (<i>toxR</i>, <i>tdh</i>, and <i>trh</i> genes). Out of a total of 220 fish samples, 40 (18.2%) were found to be contaminated with <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>. All 40 confirmed isolates possessed the <i>toxR</i> gene, and 29 (72.5%) harbored the <i>tdh</i> gene, while none of them contained the <i>trh</i> gene. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (97.5%) and chloramphenicol (92.5%), but resistant to amoxicillin (95%) and doxycycline (95%). These findings provide valuable insights into microbial contamination of fish caught in the Caspian Sea and highlight the need for control measures due to the high prevalence of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in seafood and the subsequent presence of multi drug resistance (MDR) isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"937-944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Bartonella spp. infections in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fakhri-Demeshghieh Aliasghar, Khoramian Parniyan, Shirzadi Mohammad Reza, Akbarein Hesameddin","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.843","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the public health importance of Bartonella infections, its epidemiology is under-studied, particularly in Iran. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of Bartonella infections in humans, domestic and wild animals, and invertebrates in Iran, respectively. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, and IranDoc databases were searched. Title and abstract screening was done by two independent reviewers based on the eligibility criteria. The eligibility criteria were cross-sectional studies investigating the prevalence of Bartonella infections in humans, pets, farm animals, and parasites in Iran. A random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was used for data synthesis. Subgroup analysis was done based on the host species. A total number of 220 results were identified by the search, among which 93 were removed as duplicates. Of the 127 remaining results, 19 studies were included. The molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. infections was 4% with the highest values observed in rats (17%), dogs (10%) and cats (10%), respectively. The seroprevalence of Bartonella spp. among cat owners and hospital patients in Tehran was 18% and 5%, respectively. Also, the seroprevalence of Bartonella spp. among dogs in Hamadan was estimated to be 74.24%. Based on culture methods, in one study among cats in Shahrekord, 12.5% of blood samples were positive. Based on the findings of the current study, the molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. in Iran was higher in rats, dogs, and cats. However, more investigations, particularly in other hosts, are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"843-852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oropouche Virus: The Silent Threat of a Re-emerging Arbovirus.","authors":"Shanmugaraj Balamurugan, Sankar Karthikeyan","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.813","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oropouche virus is a neglected, emerging virus that belongs to the <i>Peribunyaviridae</i> family and has caused significant public health concerns, especially in South America. Since its discovery in the 1950s, this virus has demonstrated a considerable impact on public health through its silent spread and occasional outbreaks. At least 30 major outbreaks have been reported, with more than half a million cases documented in many countries including Brazil, Peru, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago. In 2024, more than 16,000 confirmed cases were reported, including four deaths. It is endemic to Amazon and is currently spreading beyond its territory to non-endemic countries. It has been linked to human death for the first time, raising major concerns about the threat this virus poses to public health. The virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of the midge <i>Culicoides paraensis</i> and possibly by certain mosquito species. Oropouche virus fever does not exhibit specific clinical symptoms and is therefore often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed as other arboviral diseases. Currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral treatment available; hence, disease prevention mainly focuses on vector control and personal protection measures. Understanding the comprehensive drivers influencing the emergence and spread of this disease is vital for developing effective control and prevention strategies. This infection has recently emerged as one of the most important viral diseases in Latin America and is likely to remain a considerable threat to global public health in the near future. Here, an overview of Oropouche virus, it's clinical features, and pathogenesis are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"813-818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}