Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Involvement of the Orexin 1 and 2 Receptors in Nucleus Incertus (NI) on Modulation of Spatial Reference Memory in the Morris Water Maze.","authors":"F Eslami, E Akbari, V Babapour, M Zendehdel","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1207","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nucleus incertus (NI) is a discrete region within the brainstem, situated in close proximity to the posterior aspect of the tegmentum. This region of the brain contains a diverse population of neurons that are involved in a range of functions, including stress response, arousal, learning, and modulation of the hippocampal theta rhythm. Additionally, orexin neuropeptides exhibit extensive distributions and overlapping actions within the NI. Nevertheless, the functions of orexin receptors within the NI remain poorly understood. The present study examined the effect of post-training and pre-probe intra-NI administration of SB-33486-A (OX1R antagonist) (12 μg/0.5 μl) and TCS-OX2-29 (OX2R antagonist) (10 μg/0.5 μl) on consolidation and retrieval in a Morris Water Maze (MWM) task. In Experiment 1, rats were trained in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task and immediately after each training session received injections of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (control group), SB-334867-A, and TCS-OX2-29 into the nucleus incertus (NI). Experiment 2 was analogous to Experiment 1, with the exception that the rats received DMSO, SB-33486-A, and TCS-OX2-29 15 minutes prior to the probe test. In subsequent experiments, the probe and visible tests were conducted following the final training period, and the distance moved, escape latency, and velocity were recorded. In Experiment 3, rats that had undergone training in Experiments 1 and 2 were immediately subjected to trials for the assessment of visuomotor coordination on the visible platform. The results demonstrated that the spatial reference memory consolidation phase was markedly impaired by SB-334867-A or TCS-OX2-29 (P < 0.05), whereas the retrieval phase remained unaltered (P > 0.05). In light of these findings, it can be concluded that the orexinergic system in the NI plays a pivotal role in consolidation in rats through both OX1 and OX2 receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1207-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Listeria Monocytogenes</i> Isolated from Ready-To-at Food Products in Tehran: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance.","authors":"R Mirzaei, L Golestan, Zahra Fekrirad","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1337","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L. monocytogenes is a significant foodborne pathogen that is associated with a range of clinical illnesses, from self-limited gastroenteritis to invasive infection, which can lead to hospitalization of immunocompromised individuals. In the present study, the incidence of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) food samples from Tehran, Iran, was therefore measured. A total of 110 samples were collected from various ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in different zones of Tehran from April to September of 2022. The samples were obtained from various types of food, including Caesar salad, Olivier salad, burger, schnitzel, sushi, and sausage. The identification of isolates was facilitated by the detection of hlyA and prfA genes through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates was assessed through the use of a disc diffusion assay and the PCR amplification of resistance genes. Among the 110 samples, 14 (12.7%) were identified as Listeria spp., and 6 (5.5%) were confirmed as L. monocytogenes by molecular methods. The prevalence of Listeria spp. was observed to be highest in schnitzel and burgers, with 30% of schnitzel samples and 25% of burger samples being positive. Among the 14 isolates, 6 samples (42%) were identified as L. monocytogenes. The highest rate of L. monocytogenes was observed in burgers, accounting for 20% of the total burger samples. In contrast, no L. monocytogenes was identified in Caesar salad, sausage, and sushi samples. The L. monocytogenes isolates demonstrated resistance to oxacillin, streptomycin, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, and cefoxitin, and were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Furthermore, the isolates demonstrated intermediate susceptibility to fosfomycin and ampicillin. Furthermore, the isolates demonstrating resistance to erythromycin contained genes associated with resistance to the macrolide class of antibiotics, including ermA and ermB. However, the presence of cfxA and mecA genes was detected in a single isolate resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin. The prevalence of these findings underscores significant concerns regarding the potential for listeriosis to pose a threat to consumers of ready-to-eat (RTE) food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1337-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Optimization of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Technique for Capripoxvirus Diagnosis and Its Comparison with PCR Method.","authors":"M Edrisi, H R Varshovi, S Safi, M H Shahhoseiny","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1183","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sheep pox (SP), goat pox (GP), and lumpy skin disease (LSD) are caused by subspecies of the capripox virus (CaPVs). They are significant pathogens of sheep, goats, and cattle. The causative agent is the capripox virus (CaPV), which was first isolated in South Africa. The viruses responsible for sheep pox (SP), goat pox (GP), and lumpy skin disease (LSD) are morphologically indistinguishable and have been adapted to different host species (4). Serologically, distinguishing between these viruses is challenging, and cross-immunity exists among them (2). The present study reports the evaluation and optimization of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for the rapid detection of capripox viruses (CaPVs) and compares it with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. LAMP primers were selected from the P32-protected gene of CaPV. The Safe-Red fluorescent dye was used to monitor the color change from red to bright yellow at a wavelength of 320 nm in positive cases, and the final results were documented through electrophoresis. The proposed LAMP test for the capripox virus demonstrated high specificity and did not cross react with other viruses in the Poxviridae family that present similar clinical symptoms. The optimized LAMP test was then compared with the PCR. The diagnostic sensitivity of LAMP and PCR was found to be identical (100%). The specificity of the LAMP test was evaluated using 30 samples of cow skin that were suspected of lumpy skin disease, along with16 additional samples, including nine positive references, fivenegative references, and two negative controls. A negative reference sample was used to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of LSDV. The proposed LAMP test is simple to implement, cost-effective, and highly sensitive, making it particularly well-suited for the detection of the capripox virus in less developed regions, laboratories, and facilities with limited resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1183-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chitosan Film Loaded <i>Arnebia Euchroma</i> Extract Through In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.","authors":"M A Mahjoub, M Iman, E Salimi-Sabour, H Anbara","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1271","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of a chitosan (CHT) film loaded with an <i>Arnebia euchroma</i> extract, both in vitro and in vivo. <i>Arnebia euchroma</i> contains shikonin (SHKN), a naphthoquinone that exhibits notable anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. A high-quality SHKN extract was standardised and incorporated into CHT films, which were then evaluated in terms of their stability, drug release, antibacterial effectiveness and anti-inflammatory activity. Two concentrations of SHKN were employed the preparation of CHT films. <i>In vitro</i> studies showed that the optimal CHT film formulation remained stable for a period of four weeks at 4°C. A biphasic SHKN release profile was observed from the films, indicative of a sustained drug release mechanism. The films exhibited a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) due to the presence of SHKN, but no such effect against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Furthermore, a synergistic antibacterial effect was noted when CHT was combined with <i>A. euchroma</i> extract against S. aureus. In vivo, the CHT film with A. euchroma extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in a mice paw swelling test, comparable to betamethasone. The mice were divided into four groups of six, and the difference was not statistically significant (p-value>0.05). Histological examination substantiated the reduction of immune cell infiltration in the treatment group. The study concluded that CHT films containing A. euchroma extract exhibit promising anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, they are suitable for use as wound dressings, offering high portability, mechanical strength, and non-adhesive properties, which makes them suitable for use in a variety of medical and pharmaceutical applications, as well as potential carriers for antimicrobial agents and antioxidants in various industries. In conclusion, the utilisation of chitosan films embedded with <i>Arnebia euchroma</i> extract may provide an accessible and convenient therapeutic application for a range of wounds and inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1271-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflamatory Markers in Cows Affected by Subclinical Mastitis Due To <i>Escherichia Coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> Infections.","authors":"S O Ghasemian, S Asri-Rezaei","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1319","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The investigation of serum amyloid A (SAA), IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations in serum during episodes of clinical and subclinical mastitis is of significant value. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), IL-6, and IL-8 in the early detection of subclinical mastitis in cows infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and staphylococcus infections. This cross-sectional analytical study, conducted in 2023 at the Veterinary Laboratory in Urmia, Iran, evaluated inflammatory markers in 79 dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. The cows were divided into three groups: healthy cows, cows with subclinical mastitis, and cows with clinical mastitis. Each of these groups was then evaluated for Serum Amyloid A (SAA), IL-6, and IL-8. The diagnostic value of the inflammatory markers was determined by calculating the areas under the curves (AUCs) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In general, among patients with a positive culture test result (57%), 19% were found to be infected with E. coli, 22.8% with Streptococcus uberis, and 15.2% (12 cases) with Staphylococcus aureus. A strong correlation was observed between the mean SCC and the values of IL-6 (P<0.005), IL-8 (P<0.005), and SAA (P<0.005). Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between SAA and IL-8 (P<0.005). The value of IL-6 exhibited a moderate correlation with both IL-8 (P<0.005) and SAA (P<0.005). The sensitivity and specificity of SCC (0.98), SAA (0.90), IL-6 (0.95), and IL-8 (0.87) were high for the diagnosis of mastitis in cows. The present study demonstrated that mastitis in dairy cows is associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines, including amyloid A, IL-6, and IL-8. The findings of this study indicate that fluctuations in these biomarkers may serve as a potential indicator for disease diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1319-1328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of MRSA in Cancer Patients.","authors":"F Shamakhteh, E Tajbakhsh, H Momtaz","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1297","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a significant public health concern among long-term hospitalized patients, particularly those with weakened immune systems, such as cancer patients. This is primarily due to MRSA's ability to resist antimicrobial agents and drugs. The objective of this study is to ascertain the antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA in cancer patients admitted to hospitals in the southwest region of Iran. The samples obtained from the patients were cultivated on blood agar and EMB medium. Subsequently, the positive samples containing S. aureus were identified through the application of a phenotypic method. Subsequently, the cefoxitin antibiogram was employed for the isolation of MRSA. Furthermore, the isolates were subjected to testing for simultaneous drug resistance against 12 different antibiotics. To detect the presence of the mec gene, a molecular method was employed, namely the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and electrophoresis of the obtained products was conducted. Of the 41 S. aureus samples identified, 33 were found to be methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Of the 33 MRSA isolates, the presence of the mec gene was confirmed, and they exhibited simultaneous drug resistance. Individuals with cancer, who frequently have indwelling catheters and receive a variety of drugs and blood products, are at an elevated risk of contamination with this bacterium due to its presence on their skin and the hands of healthcare providers. The indiscriminate use of drugs and the subsequent rise in drug resistance can contribute to prolonged hospitalization and even death among these individuals. Given that Ahvaz hospitals, particularly Bagai Hospital, serve as primary treatment centers for patients with incurable and cancerous conditions in southwestern Iran, it is of significant value and importance to investigate the resistance patterns observed in patients undergoing chemotherapy and post-transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1297-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Different Level of Synbiotic Supplementation in Diet of Broiler on Growth Performance, Intestinal Histology and Microbial Colony.","authors":"J H Younis, F Karadas, Ssm Beski","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1227","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of varying levels of synbiotic supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal physiology of broiler chickens. A total of 360-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six different treatments, with four replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The control treatment was not supplemented, while the remaining treatments were supplemented with four different levels (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 g/kg) of synbiotic to the basal diets. The treatments were as follows: (1) control (not any supplement), (2) zinc bacitracin 0.04 g/kg, and (3) the remaining four treatments, which were supplemented with four different levels of synbiotic. On days 10, 24 and 35, the feed remaining and the birds were weighed in order to measure the body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. On day 10 and throughout the experimental period, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in both body weight and weight gain, as well as a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) with rising level of synbiotic. The control group exhibited a poorer feed conversion ratio than the other experimental groups (P<0.05). Up to 10 days, there was a significant increase in feed intake in birds on diets supplemented with 0.25 and 0.75 g/kg synbiotic. However, when the data from the 35-day experimental period were analyzed, it was found that the birds that had received 0.75 g/kg of synbiotic had significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed intake compared to the other experimental groups. The relative weight of the internal organs was not affected by the dietary treatments. The carcass yield and breast meat were found to increase significantly (P<0.05) with rising levels of dietary synbiotic. The length of the villi was found to be significantly affected by the treatment, with the villi in birds on diets supplemented with 0.5 g/kg of synbiotic being longer than those in the control group. Significantly, the shortest villi were observed in birds that received the highest supplement level (1 g/kg) of synbiotic. The number of Escherichia coli in the ileum was not affected by the dietary treatments. It can be concluded that synbiotic dietary supplementation exerts beneficial effects on growth output at an early age and during the broiler development cycle. In terms of performance, synbiotics supplementation resulted in an improvement in performance and a positive effect on carcass yield and breast meat production. The current research has demonstrated that the administration of synbiotics at a dosage of 0.75 g/kg exerts beneficial effects on the efficiency and subsequent physiological processes of broilers during the course of their growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1227-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Biofilm and Efflux Pump Genes Expression by PCR and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i>.","authors":"A Soltani Borchaloee, L S Moosakazemi Mohammadi, R Khosh Ravesh, S F Allameh, F S Tabatabaie Poya, Marj A Fatehi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1281","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterium that is postulated to be the result of its plasmid-borne and intrinsic resistance to a number of pharmaceutical agents. This study examined the potential for biofilm formation, the distribution of the pslD, pelF, and algD genes, and the expression of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump genes. Furthermore, the study examined the pattern of antibiotic resistance in multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from a range of clinical samples. A total of 76 strains of P. aeruginosa were obtained for this investigation from a range of clinical specimens. The susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was evaluated using the disk agar diffusion method. In conclusion, the term \"multi-drug resistance\" (MDR) is used to describe a specific pattern of resistance. The isolates were evaluated for the presence of three pivotal biofilm genes and their antimicrobial resistance patterns against ten standard antibiotic disks. The data were analyzed using version 25 of the SPSS statistical software. The examination of the isolates revealed that the most antibiotic sensitivity was associated with polymyxin, piperacillin, and ciprofloxacin. Additionally, the prevalence of biofilm-producing genes, specifically pslD, pelF, and algD, was determined to be 68.4%, 80.3%, and 69.7%, respectively. The prevalence of MexAB-OprM efflux genes in the examined isolates was 89.5% for the mexA gene, 90.8% for the mexB gene, and 90.8% for the oprM gene. The majority of the isolates in this investigation exhibited the presence of efflux pump genes, as evidenced by the findings. Furthermore, a robust correlation was identified between a select number of efflux genes and biofilm formation or the antibiotics tetracycline, meropenem, amikacin, and polymyxin B.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1281-1286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among the General Population in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"R I Elyas, H A Abdulrahman, R S Ismaeel, I A Naqid, N R Hussein","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1241","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the global significance of vaccinations, particularly in the context of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, this study explores hitherto unexplored territory by examining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding the vaccines developed to combat the virus. However, following the availability of the vaccines for the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), there is a paucity of information regarding public awareness, attitudes, and behaviours towards the vaccines in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The research was conducted specifically in the Kurdistan Region of Duhok province, Iraq, and its aim is to provide valuable insights for informed decision-making, tailored public health interventions, and effective vaccination promotion in the region. A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between 1 October and 1 December 2022 included 759 participants aged between 18 and 75 years. The face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire that covered a range of topics, including sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the vaccines used for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The participants, with an average age of 32.95 years (standard deviation±12), were 52.3% male. Approximately 55% of the participants had a history of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 25.3% were employed, with 18.3% having chronic diseases. It is noteworthy that 99.60% of participants were aware of the existence of the vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 68% of them considered it safe. Furthermore, 74.04% of respondents indicated that they strongly agreed with the importance of the vaccine. A substantial proportion (62.58%) held the view that the vaccine was effective in protecting against infection. It is noteworthy that 86.2% of individuals were aware of potential side effects, while 96.31% were informed about the multi-dose requirement for vaccination. The findings of this study indicate that there is a high level of awareness of the COVD-19 vaccine, with 99.60% of respondents reporting that they were aware of it. This highlights the importance of cautioning against the potential risks associated with the dissemination of unprofessional opinions on social media. Regional variations highlight the necessity for the implementation of bespoke communication strategies. It is of the utmost importance to identify the factors that contribute to hesitancy, particularly among healthcare personnel, in order to effectively promote vaccination. It is noteworthy that social media, despite its pervasive use, carries inherent risks due to the presence of unprofessional opinions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1241-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and factors associated with CCHF virus infection in cattle and sheep in Mopti region (Mali).","authors":"M A Diakite, L D Dahourou, A Diakite, F Dembele, C Dembele, J B Traore, C O Fomba, R Bada-Alambedji, H Yeganehpour, S Sidibe, N Moatamed","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1257","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic arboviral disease caused by a virus of Bunyaviridae family, genus <i>Orthonairovirus</i> and transmitted by tick bite. The virus causes subclinical infection in animals and severe viral hemorrhagic disease, with a fatality rate of 10-40% in humans.Between January and February 2020, eighteen human cases of CCHF including nine deaths, were recorded in the health district of the Mopti region in Mali. The present study carried out to determine CCHF seroposivity in cattle and sheep and to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies in cattle and sheep in the Mopti region. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a total of 200 cattle and sheep sampled in the localities of Konna and Mopti urban area. The double antigen sandwich ELISA technique allowed to establish a true overall seropositivity of 43.8% (95% CI: 36.9 - 50.6) including seropositivity of 40% (95 CI: 30.4-49.6) in Konna and 45.5% (95% CI: 35.2-54.8) in Sevare. According to species, seropositivity was 58.6% (95% CI: 48.3-67.7) in cattle and 27% (95% CI: 18.3-35.7) in sheep. Biostatistical analysis showed that cattle (OR=3.77; 95% CI: 2.07-6.87) were more likely to be seropositive compared than in sheep. This study demonstrates the circulation of virus in animals and the need to conduct joint actions according to the \"One Health\" approach for the control of this zoonosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1257-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}