Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Cerebral Inhibition of the H3K9 Methylation Could Ameliorate Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Neural Damage in Vascular Dementia.","authors":"F Sehati, M Ranjbaran, F Nabavizadeh, S M Karimian, S Hosseindoost, G Ashabi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia encompasses a broad category of brain diseases characterized by various degenerative or vascular components that lead to a long-term and often gradual decline in cognitive abilities, significantly affecting daily functioning. Literature indicates that the G9a/GLP enzyme, through the upregulation of histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), plays a pivotal role in vascular dementia (VD). The increase in H3K9 methylation by G9a/GLP during VD inhibits the expression of neuroprotective proteins and diminishes the expression of proteins crucial for maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Using a model of permanent common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion, we investigated the effects of a G9a/GLP inhibitor (BIX01294) on VD. Following CCA occlusion, BIX01294 (22.5 µg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally three times a week for one month. We assessed neuronal damage using Nissl staining, BBB permeability via the Evans blue test, and measured brain water content. Western blot analysis was employed to evaluate the hippocampal levels of Bax and Bcl2 proteins. Treatment with BIX01294 enhanced BBB stability (P < 0.05) and subsequently reduced brain edema compared to the VD group (P < 0.05 for both measures). Neuronal injury in the CA1 region of the hippocampus significantly decreased following BIX01294 administration compared to the VD group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Bax/Bcl2 ratio markedly decreased in the treatment group (P < 0.0001). In summary, our research demonstrates that inhibiting H3K9 methylation can prevent the progression of vascular dementia by reducing cerebral edema and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus following ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"989-995"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation into the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Pigeons from Zabol, Iran.","authors":"M Mohebati, N Lotfalizadeh, J Khedri, H Borji, E Ebrahimzadeh","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is not uncommon for pigeons kept for entertainment or competition to be infected with a variety of intestinal parasites, including nematodes and cestodes. Infection by these worms is a risk not only to birds but also to native wildlife and humans. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of helminth infections in pigeons in Zabol County, Iran, and to develop strategies for the prevention and treatment of these infections. A total of 220 pigeons were examined for the presence of parasites in their gastrointestinal tracts between 2021 and 2022. The pigeons were categorized according to gender, breed, age, medication, and feed type. The digestive tract contents were scraped and washed with warm water in order to collect intestinal helminths. A variety of techniques employed for the isolation, observation, and identification of nematodes and cestodes. Additionally,the parasites around the esophageal tissue were also examined in this study. A total of 96 positive cases of helminth infection (43.63%) were identified in the 220 samples of pigeon gastrointestinal tracts examined. In addition, 52 pigeons exhibited exclusive cestode infections, 14 had nematode infections, and 31 had co-infections. <i>Heterakis gallinarum</i> (<i>H. gallinarum</i>), <i>Eulimdana clava</i> (<i>E. clava</i>), <i>Hadjelia truncate</i> (<i>H. truncate</i>), and <i>Ascaridia columbae</i> (<i>A. columbae</i>) were among the nematodes found. Cestode species identified include <i>Raillietina tetragona</i> (<i>R. tetragona</i>), <i>Raillietina echinobothrida</i> (<i>R. echinobothrida</i>), <i>Raillietina cesticillus</i> (<i>R. cesticillus</i>), <i>Raillietina magninumida</i> (<i>R. magninumida</i>), and <i>Cotugnia digonopora</i> (<i>C. digonopora</i>). A statistical analysis of data revealed a significant correlation between helminth infection and drug consumption (p=0.001). Infection with nematodes and cestodes is also associated with pigeon age (p=0.00001). T Notably, despite the hot and dry conditions, there was a high prevalence of cestode and nematode infestations in pigeons in Zabol, Iran. It is imperative that a comprehensive control program be implemented to prevent parasite transmission to pigeons and the local avian ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"949-954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective and Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin Loaded Black Cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i> L) Seed Oil-Based Nanoemulsion in Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Experimental Study.","authors":"A Jafari, N Panahi, S Hesaraki, G Akbari","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1065","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Quercetin (Qu) is a type of plant flavonoid that has been demonstrated to possess anti-proliferative properties, making it a potentially beneficial agent in the treatment of prostate hyperplasia. Additionally, Nigella sativa seed oil (NSO) has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of quercetin (Qu) in combination with a nanoemulsion derived from Nigella sativa seed oil (Qu-NSO) on a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study employed a rat model of BPH, whereby testosterone enanthate (5 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to induce the condition. The rats were then treated with various interventions, including Qu (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg), NSO, and Qu-NSO (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg), with a total volume of 0.5 ml administered orally. This allowed for an assessment of the effects of Qu-NSO. The self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system was prepared using NSO, coconut oil, Tween 80, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG). The globule size and zeta potential of the formed vesicles were determined. Investigations were conducted on the rat model to examine the effects of the treatments on dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic weight and index, oxidant and antioxidant markers, and histopathology. The mean globule size for Qu-NSO was 171.9±10.9 nm, with a zeta potential value of +17.3 mV. The Qu-NSO treatment resulted in a 40% reduction in prostate weight and an 86.71% reduction in prostate index compared to the testosterone-treated group. The Qu-NSO treatment resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of oxidative contents (MDA) (p&lt;0.0001), while antioxidative substances (SOD and GPx activity) exhibited a significant increase (p&lt;0.0001). The Qu-NSO group exhibited superior outcomes in terms of decreasing prostatic weight and enhancing antioxidative properties, as evidenced by elevated antioxidant enzyme activity. This study demonstrated that the Qu and NSO in a Qu NSO formula augmented the Qu efficacy in managing BPH. Quercetin (Qu) is a type of plant flavonoid that is beneficial in fighting prostate hyperplasia cells. Meanwhile, &lt;i&gt;Nigella sativa&lt;/i&gt; seed oil (NSO) has shown promise in relieving benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms. This study aims to assess the effects of Qu combined with NSO-based nanoemulsion (Qu-NSO) against a rat model of BPH. The study involved the ‎induction of BPH in rats using testosterone enanthate (5 mg/kg) subcutaneously and ‎administering different treatments, ‎including Qu (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg), NSO, and Qu-NSO (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg), with total volume 0.5 ml per oral to assess the effects of ‎Qu-NSO. NSO, coconut oil, Tween 80, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) were obtained for the ‎self-nano-emulsified drug delivery system. The globule size and zeta potential of formed vesicles were measured. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostate-specific antige","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1065-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 8b Isolate Following Different Inactivation Time Intervals in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"N Mohamed Sohaimi, A Q Mohammad Azreen, M H Bejo, N Y Abd Rahaman","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, significant attention has been directed towards the development of inactivated fowl adenovirus (FAdV) vaccines within the poultry industry to combat outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). This study aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated FAdV vaccine following different inactivation time intervals in commercial broiler chickens. The FAdV isolate UPM1137 was treated with binary ethyleneimine (BEI) at intervals of 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 hours. All treated isolates underwent safety testing in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE), followed by safety and immunogenicity trials in SPF chickens. The findings demonstrated that isolates treated at 20, 24, and 28 hours induced over 80% mortality in SPF CEE, while no mortality was observed in isolates treated at 32 and 36 hours. In SPF chickens, there were no clinical signs or gross and histological lesions recorded throughout the trial for those inoculated with isolates treated at 32 and 36 hours, indicating that these treatments rendered the virus completely inactivated and safe for use in commercial broiler chickens. Based on ELISA results, chickens vaccinated with the inactivated FAdV at 32 hours (group B) exhibited a higher antibody response compared to those vaccinated with the inactivated FAdV at 36 hours (group A) at days 14 and 28 post-inoculation (pi). At day 28 pi, the mean antibody titers for the booster groups in both group A and group B were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. These results indicate that both FAdV vaccines, using inactivated inocula at 32 and 36 hours, are safe and immunogenic in broiler chickens, particularly by day 28 pi following booster vaccination. Thus, it was concluded that the optimal duration for FAdV inactivation is 32 hours, making it highly suitable for future vaccine formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"997-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Report of t8463 and t605 <i>spa</i> Types in Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from ICUs in Rasht, Iran.","authors":"P Karimian, A Mojtahedi, M Anvari, G Mesbahi, M Ghalandari","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is the most important human pathogen, in community and hospital-acquired infections. The colonization rate of this organism is high in medical personnel and devices. Considering the importance of carriers in the transmission of <i>S. aureus</i> infection, this study investigated the origin of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) isolated from Velayat and Poursina Hospitals of Rasht. In an eight-month period, a total of 500 samples were collected from hospitalized patients, healthcare personnel, various surfaces, air, and medical devices within the intensive care units (ICUs) of Velayat and Poursina Hospitals. After the identification of MRSA strains by microbiological and biochemical standard methods, the DNA of the isolates was extracted. The <i>spa</i> typing of MRSA strains was done after determining the sequence of amplified protein A genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Among 500 samples, 45 (9%) samples were infected with <i>S. aureus</i> and 31 (68.9%) MRSA strains were identified from different ICUs. For the first time, <i>S. aureus</i> was divided into three types with the help of the <i>spa</i> technique in the ICU of Rasht hospitals. Among the examined samples, the t14870 <i>spa</i> type prevailed (95.5%), which had been found in previous studies in different regions of Iran. However, two types, t8463 (2.2%) and t605 (2.2%), were obtained for the first time in Iran, which were MRSA and obtained from the noses of patients. The high frequency of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates in (ICUs) and among healthcare personnel significantly contributes to the transmission of infections within the hospital setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"955-961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urogenital Myiasis Caused by <i>Psychoda Albipennis</i> Larvae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ahvaz, South Western Iran: A Case Report.","authors":"S Larki, S Salmanzadeh, Z Jafari","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urogenital myiasis is a rare parasitic infestation caused by larvae of the Psychoda albipennis species. The presence of larvae in the urogenital tract, along with their feeding and activity patterns, can lead to disorders of the urinary and reproductive systems. This study presents a 36-year-old male patient with the chief complaint of dysuria, hematuria, urethral discharge, and abdominal flank pain. Over an eight-month period, the subject observed the presence of mobile particles in his urine, which were described as black-grayish in color. The patient was subsequently referred to the urology outpatient clinic, where he received treatment for cystitis and/or urethritis. However, despite these treatments, the patient's symptoms remained unresolved, and the presence of larvae in his urine was observed. Following microscopic examination of the urine, the presence of viable, motile, and hairy larvae (measuring approximately 1 cm in length) was confirmed. Based on morphological characteristics, these were identified as fourth-stage larvae of the moth fly, Psychoda albipennis. In Iran, human urogenital myiasis caused by Psychoda albipennis is an infrequent infection. It appears that the primary risk factors for urogenital myiasis in this recent case were urinating in unsanitary environments, sleeping without a blanket while traveling to the Dez River in Khuzestan province, and urinating in unsanitary toilets. The administration of appropriate antiseptic medication and the consumption of sufficient quantities of water resulted in a notable reduction in patient-reported symptoms following the two-week treatment period. Urogenital myiasis is an uncommon occurrence, comprising only 0.7% of all cases of human myiasis, as reported in a few publications from Iran and elsewhere. This is the inaugural account of urogenital myiasis caused by P. albipennis in the Khuzestan province of southwestern Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1117-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Bench to Bedside: A Comprehensive Study on Pardaxin Peptide's Antimicrobial Effect on <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Including Clinical Isolates.","authors":"P Aminnia, A Sharifi Niknafs, F Doustdar","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a common cause of urinary tract infections and has shown increasing resistance to available antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides, such as Pardaxin, offer a potential alternative to traditional antibiotics due to their ability to disrupt bacterial cell membranes through interaction with the lipid bilayer. This mode of action reduces the likelihood of resistance development compared to conventional antibiotics that target specific cellular processes. The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the Pardaxin peptide against both standard and clinical strains of <i>E. coli</i>. <i>E. coli</i> ATCC 25922 was used as the standard strain, and 20 samples derived from patients were included in the study. Isolation and identification of <i>E. coli</i> were performed using enrichment media, selective media, and biochemical tests. Bacterial cultures were conducted on Mueller-Hinton agar, and the antimicrobial effect of the Pardaxin peptide was assessed using classic disk diffusion tests. During the disk diffusion test, a distinct area of no growth was observed surrounding the Pardaxin disks for both the standard and clinical strains. In the microdilution test, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pardaxin was found to be 390 µg/ml for the clinical strain and 450 µg/ml for the standard strain. These concentrations are comparable to the 500 µg/ml concentration of erythromycin, indicating the antibacterial properties of Pardaxin against <b>E. coli</b>. The results of this study provide evidence for the antimicrobial properties of the Pardaxin peptide against both standard and clinical strains of <i>E. coli</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"963-966"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Pharmacological Activity of <i>Endophyte Aspergillus</i> austwickii isolated from the Leaves of <i>Premna serratifolia</i>.","authors":"L V S, A K Shettar, J H Hoskeri, V A B","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus is a widely occurring non-communicable disease that is rapidly spreading worldwide. It results from the dysregulation of glucose in the bloodstream or the improper functioning of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Endophytes are microorganisms that reside symbiotically within the living tissues of plants. Endophytic fungi possess the ability to synthesize various important bioactive metabolites. The current study aims to explore the less-reported endophytic fungus <i>Aspergillus austwickii</i>, isolated from the ethnobotanical medicinal plant <i>Premna serratifolia</i> L. The methanolic extract of the endophytic fungus was subjected to in vitro antioxidant assays, anti-inflammatory assays, and antidiabetic assays, in addition to analyzing the total phenolic and total flavonoid content, along with the phytochemicals present. The results revealed that Aspergillus austwickii contains phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and carbohydrates. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the fungus were found to be 22.048 µg GAE/g and 18.828 µg QE/g, respectively. The crude extract demonstrated 46.20±0.53% antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 128.69 µg/mL for radical scavenging as determined by the DPPH assay. It also exhibited 71.86±0.34% anti-inflammatory activity in the protein denaturation assay. Notably, it displayed antidiabetic activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with percentage inhibitions of 68.22±0.17% and 73.72±0.18%, and IC50 values of 178.10 µg/mL and 166.16 µg/mL, respectively. The current study indicates that the methanolic extract of <i>Aspergillus austwickii</i> possesses significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. The findings of this research can inform future studies aimed at discovering new natural drugs to combat various disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1023-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piracetam as Neuroprotective, Anticonvulsant, and Anti-Anxiety Agent: An <i>In Vivo</i> Study on Ptz Epileptic Rats.","authors":"T Karimi Shayan, A Abdolmaleki, A Asadi, H Hassanpour","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy, a category of neurological disorder, is characterized by recurrent seizures. Epileptic seizures are characterized by sudden alterations in brain electrical activity. Piracetam is a derivative of cyclic aminobutyric acid that exerts neuroprotective effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and anti-anxiety effects of piracetam in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure rat model. To evaluate the anticonvulsant properties of piracetam in the PTZ seizure model, the experimental groups were administered piracetam at doses of 30 or 100 mg/kg. The positive control group was administered diazepam (2 mg/kg), while the negative control group was treated with only PTZ. The anti-anxiety effects were evaluated using the elevated plus maze and open field tests. Additionally, the antioxidant effects of piracetam on brain tissues were examined. The open field test results demonstrated a significant increase in the number of crossings over the line in the Piracetam (30 and 100 mg/kg) and diazepam groups, in comparison to the negative control group. In the plus maze test, the groups administered Piracetam demonstrated a greater tendency to spend time in the open arms than the control group. Furthermore, diazepam markedly elevated the time spent in the open arms in comparison to the negative control group. The histological results demonstrated structural alterations in hippocampal neurons. Additionally, the antioxidant test demonstrated that Piracetam possesses antioxidant properties when compared to the negative control group. Piracetam demonstrated anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects in PTZ-induced epileptic rats, exhibiting the ability to inhibit or reduce the incidence of seizures. Additionally, it demonstrated anti-anxiety and sedative properties. The neuroprotective effects of Piracetam may be attributed to its ability to regulate neurotransmitter systems, including cholinergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic pathways. It can be posited that Piracetam may possess neuroprotective, anti-epileptic, anti-anxiety, and antioxidant properties in PTZ epileptic rats. Nevertheless, additional research is required to substantiate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1057-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomographic Anatomy and Topography of the Lower Respiratory System of the Mature Rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>).","authors":"T Rekabdar, M Yousefi, M Masoudifard, O Zehtabvar, S J Ahmadpanahi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among various mammals, the laboratory rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) is widely used for experimental purposes and belongs to the order Rodentia, family Muridae, and genus <i>Rattus</i>. The lack of comprehensive studies on the topography and CT anatomy of thoracic structures in this species necessitates further investigation. This study aims to accurately describe the topography of the lungs, trachea, and heart in rats based on CT scan findings compared with anatomical observations. CT scan images were obtained from 10 adult male rats at 1 mm intervals using a Siemens Somatom Spirit CT Scanner, followed by anatomical studies through autopsy. Morphometric measurements were taken from the CT images, and the thorax, lungs, heart, and intrathoracic trachea, along with the spatial relationships of the organs, were meticulously examined during the anatomical studies. Detailed descriptions were compiled from both the CT scan images and autopsy findings. The tracheal bifurcation was consistently located between the fourth and fifth ribs in all samples. The right lung was larger and more voluminous than the left lung. The heart was oriented toward the left, and the right bronchus was shorter than the left. The results confirmed that the right lung was more voluminous than the left lung in <i>R. norvegicus</i>, as evidenced by precise measurements. It was also found to be longer than the left lung, although both lungs exhibited similar width and height. Notably, the use of CT scans enables anatomical examination of living and active body structures, which can be practically beneficial. In general, the lungs extend from the second rib to the last rib, with the right lung occupying slightly more space both anteriorly and dorsally. Regarding lobulation, the left lung consists of one lobe, while the right lung has four lobes. This study underscores the value of CT imaging in facilitating anatomical assessments in vivo, enhancing its practical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"981-988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}