Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Wound Healing Traits of <i>Chelidonium Majus</i> and <i>Valeriana Officinalis</i> Hydro-Alcoholic Extracts on Surgical Wounds in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Yousefi Alireza, Mardkhoshnood Mehdi, Zarenezhad Ali, Zarenezhad Elham, Barbaresi Silvia, Ghasemian Abdolmajid","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess the wound healing traits of <i>Valeriana officinalis</i> and <i>Chelidonium majus</i> hydro-alcoholic (HA) extracts on surgical wounds in Wistar rats. The HA root extracts were separated using percolator and 96 degree alcohol in desiccator device. Additionally, 24 Wistar rats (six months old, 200 g) were divided into three groups: control, V. officinalis, and <i>C. majus</i>. Wound creation (2 cm in diameter) was developed by initial intraperitoneal injection of anesthetic drugs (5% ketamine and 5mg/kg of diazepam) and hair shaving. 24 hours after wound creation, treatment was initiated using ointment containing 5% of each <i>V. officinalis</i> and <i>C. majus</i> HA extract, applied for 21 days. Wound imaging on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 was performed using a digital camera. Histopathologic examination of the wounds was conducted at 4, 7, 14 and 21-day intervals. Microscopic and macroscopic observations revealed significantly higher wound healing rates in treated groups compared to the control. Histopathologic examinations indicated sufficient angiogenesis, existence of collagen and fibroblast cells and reduction in the inflammatory cells. Moreover, wound contraction was observed in the treated groups. Noticeably, the <i>C. majus</i> HA extract treated the wounds more efficiently. The wound healing in Wistar rats using HA extracts from <i>V. officinalis</i> and <i>C. majus</i> was promising though more investigations are required. Additionally, <i>C. majus</i> HA extract demonstrated healing effect compared to that of <i>V. officinalis</i>. It is proposed to evaluate the cytotoxic levels of extracts and formulate them in future studies to achieve more efficient and rapid healing of wounds. In addition, combination of extracts from various herbal medicines and with synthetic drugs can be studied for wound healing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"987-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic study of the protozoan <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> using cytochrome b and GRA20 genes.","authors":"Bozorgi Soghra, Nabian Sedigheh, Habibi Gholamreza, Afshari Asghar, Shahedi Amin, Nasiri Vahid","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an obligate intracellular protozoan in the phylum Apicomplexa. In addition to humans, toxoplasmosis can cause serious diseases in livestock, leading to significant economic losses. The use of molecular methods with high sensitivity has made it possible to detect and study microorganisms. In this study, the cytochrome b and dense granule 20 (GRA20) genes were utilized for studying <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> parasites. After collecting 29 animal samples of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, the PCR method was applied to evaluate the presence of GRA20 and cytochrome b genes. The sequences of 11 samples were acceptable and submitted to the NCBI database. MEGA X software was utilized to create the phylogenetic tree. In addition, genetic diversity was studied using the RFLP-PCR assay for the GRA6 gene. Assessment of the bands obtained from PCR showed that the bands related to cytochrome b are found in all species of the Sarcocystidae family, but the bands related to the GRA20 gene are specific to <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. In the phylogenetic tree, there was a closer relationship between Iranian isolates of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and the French strain of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. Type I was determined as the genetic type of the protozoan <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> isolated from Iran. Based on the results, the cytochrome b gene was considered a general gene for recognizing different species of the Sarcocystidae family; however, divergence was seen in the GRA20 gene, which is considered a particular gene for <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1029-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A One-Month Survey on Infestation of <i>Ixodidae</i> (Acari: Ixodida) Ticks Collected from Dogs in the Robat Karim Region, Tehran Province, Iran.","authors":"Ghorbani Alireza, Darmanloo Erfan, Garedaghi Yagoob, Jalali Niroumand Mohammad","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the infestation of <i>Ixodidae</i> ticks in herd and stray dogs in Robat Karim region of Tehran province, Iran. Ticks are among the most important external parasites in dogs that can cause various diseases through blood feeding. The growing population of stray dogs in the cities is one of the most important problems, especially in the outskirts of the cities, and the identification of the tick fauna in the area is very important. A total of 83 dogs (17 herd dogs and 66 stray dogs) were randomly sampled from 14 urban and rural points in the Robat Karim between September 1st and September 30th, 2023. After transferring the samples to the entomology laboratory, various species were identified. A total of 434 <i>Ixodidae</i> ticks belonging to 2 genera and 4 different species were identified from 72 infested dogs. The highest frequency was related to <i>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</i> (64.28%), <i>Rhipicephalus bursa</i> (17.28%), and the lowest frequency was related to <i>Rhipicephalus turanicus</i> (11.29%), <i>Hyalomma marginatum</i> (7.14%). Examining the age variables showed that there is a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the frequency of tick infestation in different age groups, with 44.23% of the total isolated ticks belonging to dogs aged 1-3 years. Such research, which deals with the identification and investigation of species diversity and the distribution of different species of ticks in a specific geographical area, will lead to better and more accurate decisions by the medical and veterinary professionals to control and prevent the spread of tick-borne diseases. Similar studies should be conducted in other regions of Iran to determine the level of tick infestation in dogs throughout Iran and the results of these studies can be used in strategic tick control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1081-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel Indirect ELISA Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Using a Highly Sensitive RBD -Nucleoprotein Fusion Antigen.","authors":"Sam Sohrab, Farahmand Behrokh, Ofoghi Hamideh","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential for efficient disease management. Traditionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detecting IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have relied on single antigens, such as the spike or nucleoprotein. However, the test sensitivity has not been satisfactory. This study diverges from conventional approaches by developing an indirect ELISA assay utilizing a novel, highly sensitive fusion antigen incorporating both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleoprotein (N). The physicochemical characteristics of this unique antigen were examined and confirmed through experimental validation in our recent research. Our primary objective is to enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of the ELISA assay. The indirect ELISA assay was developed using a novel fusion antigen incorporating both the RBD and nucleoprotein (N) of SARS-CoV-2. A cohort of 112 patients presenting with COVID-19 symptoms was evaluated to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Additionally, 25 serum samples from healthy individuals were selected as the negative control group. The study was conducted in Tehran Province, Iran, from March to July 2022. Serum samples from patients who tested positive using the real-time PCR method were collected, and an in-house indirect ELISA assay was developed. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated and compared with the results of the commercial Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, which served as the gold standard. The ROC curve was analyzed using GraphPad Prism to assess the accuracy and reliability of the in-house ELISA assay. The in-house ELISA assay developed in this study demonstrated successful performance and showed 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity in detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.976, indicating high accuracy. Our in-house ELISA assay exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, underscoring its suitability for commercial development as a reliable diagnostic kit for detecting COVID-19 cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"957-968"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm, and Cytotoxicity Activity of Astragalus Baba-Alliar Extract Against Main Causes of Dental Root Canal Infections.","authors":"Shakib Pegah, Dalaei Moghadam Maryam, Hemmati Aida, Sepahdar Asma, Bahadorikhalili Saeed, Rezaei Mohammad","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of endodontic treatment is paramount: to completely eradicate bacterial infection within the dental pulp and root canal system. This study aimed to evaluate the Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxicity activity of Astragalus baba-alliar (A. baba-alliar) extract against the main causes of dental root canal infections, which areEnterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. After preparing the methanolic extract from A. baba-alliar, phytochemical analysis was conducted to determine the content of secondary metabolites, followed by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).Subsequently, the ability of the methanolic extract to inhibit biofilm formation was investigated using the microtiter plate method. The cytotoxic effects of the methanolic extract on normal human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1) and oral cancer cells (KB) were evaluated using the MTT reduction method. Based on the phytochemical results, the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and polysaccharides in this plant extract was confirmed. The total phenol and flavonoid content were determined to be 4.23 mg GEA/g DW and 2.61 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The methanol extract of the plant, both alone and in combination with nystatin, exhibited a significant anti-candidal effect against C. albicans, while alone and especially in combination with chlorhexidine, it demonstrated a significant antibacterial effect against E. faecalis. Moreover, the extract alone and in combination with nystatin, induced biofilm formation in C. albicans with an MBIC50 of 4.6 μg/ml, 64 μg/ml, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. Similarly, the extract alone and combined with chlorhexidine inhibited biofilm formation in E. faecalis with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) of 42.6 μg/ml and 1.16 μg/ml, respectively. The calculated Selectivity Index (SI) exceeding 2 (SI=2.72) indicates the extract's selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells while maintaining negligible toxicity toward normal cells. Based on the antimicrobial properties uncovered in this research, the study is anticipated to lay the groundwork for clinical trials and subsequent investigations into the plant's active compounds. Such endeavors hold potential for application across various industrial sectors, including food, pharmaceuticals, and medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"907-916"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotyping of human papillomaviruses in patients with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis in Firouzgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Nadri Mahsa, Hamkar Rasool, Khorami Shahveh Pardis, Hamidi Adel","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (also known as Laryngeal Papillomatosis) is a benign, sporadic tumor primarily affecting children, caused by the papillomavirus. The estimated prevalence of this condition is approximately four cases per 100,000 children and two cases per 100,000 adults. Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, commonly associated with genital warts, are the predominant strains implicated in the disease. The most common symptoms include airway obstruction, voice disturbances, and difficulty speaking. These lesions are typically integrated and rarely appear in isolation; in rare cases, they may progress toward malignancy. A total of thirty-one laryngeal samples from patients with a positive pathological diagnosis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) were collected from the hospital's Ear, Nose, and Throat department. Each sample was preserved in formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin blocks. A form containing detailed patient information accompanied the samples. After confirming the presence of the β-globulin gene in the DNA of the samples, specific primers (MY09/11 and GP5+/6+) were employed to detect human papillomavirus (HPV). Among the 31 samples, 29 contained the HPV genome, with HPV-6 identified in 13 samples and HPV-11 in 16 samples. The phylogenetic tree of the isolated HPV strains was subsequently plotted. Statistical analyses revealed no significant difference in the incidence of HPV between men and women, nor in the incidence of RRP. However, a significant correlation was identified between residing in suburban areas, low income, and welfare status, and the incidence of RRP. Additionally, the research indicated that RRP lesions predominantly affect pediatric patients, with only a small proportion of adults affected. Further extensive studies are necessary to elucidate the main risk factors associated with RRP patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"887-896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Invasive Contamination of Lymnaeidae Snails with Trematodes According to Species and Sampling Location in Lorestan province, Iran, Middle East.","authors":"Mirfendereski Ramtin, Shemshadi Bahar, Hashemi Saeid, Shirali Saloomeh","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radicine snails are of considerable medical and veterinary importance as termatode vectors. These snails are responsible for transmission of the zoonotic trematodes including Schistosoma turkestanicum and Fasciola gigantica in Iran. This study investigates Lymnaedae infestation by termatodes, considering the species and sampling locations. 1,700 snails were collected from the suburbs of Borujerd, Khorram Abad, and Dorud in Lorestan, Iran from April to August 2018. Round snails were separated, and Snail species were identified by measuring length, width, spire, and valve, using the shape of the radula as an identification key. To separate the radula, snails soft tissue was removed from the shell using forceps, then incubated in a 7% potassium solution for 24 hours at room temperature. The isolated radula was placed in a 15% acetic acid solution. It was then placed in Mallory's dye solution for 3 minutes and sunsequently washed with an oxalic acid solution. After dehydration with 96% ethanol, the samples were examined under a light microscope. To investigate trematode larvae in snails, 10% of the snail samples (a total of 170 Lymnaeidae snails) were selected and examined using the crushing method on a slide. The morphological results showed that in Dorud and Borujerd, the highest distribution of Lymnaea gedrosiana was 24.09% and 19.72%, while the lowest distribution of Bulinus truncatus was 4.72% and 4.48%, respectively. Lymnaea species were the most abundant in plain villages, whereas Bithynia and Physa were more commonly observed in mountain villages. In Khorram Abad, the highest distribution was related to Lymnaea truncatula (20.15%), while the lowest distribution was related to Lymnaea stagnalis (5.56%). The genera Bithynia and Physa showed a significant increase in mountainous villages of Khorram Abad compared to those in Borujerd and Dorud. The overall infectionrate of Lymneidae snails with termatodes was 32.94%, including 18.23% in Borujerd, 8.23% in Dorud, and 6.47% in Khorramabad. According to the chi-square test (p<0.05), a significant difference was observed in the rate of trematode infection in Lymneade snails. In this regard, the Borujerd region exhibited the highest rate of infection, whereas Khorram Abad showed the lowest.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"853-859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages against Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</i> from Wastewater Samples.","authors":"Mokari Saba, Azizi Jalilian Farid, Shokri Somayeh, Teimoori Ali, Mahmoudvand Shahab","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most important global health problems in the last decade is the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. Phage therapy is considered a highly efficient alternative to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed isolate lytic phages against clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> from wastewater samples. In this study, different samples were collected, and the presence of phage was confirmed by a double layer test. The protein and genomic structure were verified using SDS- PAGE and RAPD- PCR techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for the evaluation of morphology. The isolated phage's stability was assessed by subjecting it to different temperature and pH conditions. An adsorption assay test was conducted to determine the duration of phage absorption to corresponding host bacteria. In this study, we isolated three lytic phages (k.8, k.22, and k.34) that target <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicated that all three phages belong to the Siphoviridae family. Additionally, our investigation demonstrated that these phages remain stable within a temperature range of 4°C to 50°C and a pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. The adsorption assay tests showed that the isolated phages were able to attach to their corresponding host bacteria within 6 to 9 minutes. The present study demonstrated that the isolated phages targeting <i>K. pneumoniae</i> exhibited a favorable survival rate when subjected to pH and thermal treatments. Furthermore, the isolated phages exhibited a short latent period, indicating rapid adsorption to the host surface. These findings suggest the potential application of these phages in phage therapy. However, further studies in the field of phage therapy are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1005-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of postpartum PGF2α treatment on reproductive performance and prevention of specific uterine disorders in dairy cows.","authors":"Omar Karima Hadj, Nabi Mustapha, Kalem Ammar, Boucif Ahmed, Kalem Tafsut, Salhi Omar, Lounes Azzize, Khelifi Touhami Nadjet Amina, Ouchene Nassim","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PGF2α treatment administered after parturition on key reproductive parameters, the incidence of postpartum pathologies, and the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. The study involved two groups of dairy cows: a control group (C, n=20) and an experimental group (E, n=20) that received PGF2α treatment. Postpartum pathologies, ovarian cyclicity, and reproductive performance indicators were compared between the two groups. Postpartum pathologies were observed at a higher rate in the control group, with a 30% prevalence of retained placenta, 20% for both delayed uterine involution and clinical endometritis, and 5% for pyometra. In contrast, the experimental group exhibited a lower incidence: 10% for retained placenta, 5% for delayed uterine involution, 5% for clinical endometritis and 0% for pyometra. Although these results suggest a trend toward a lower incidence of postpartum pathologies in treated cows, the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Regarding the resumption of ovarian cyclicity, the control group showed a resumption rate of only 15%, whereas 65% of the experimental group resumed cyclicity. This yielded an odds ratio of 10.52 and a highly significant p-value (<0.01), indicating that PGF2α treatment effectively hastened the return to normal ovarian function. Reproductive performance was also improved in the experimental group, with first insemination (AI1) success rate of 45% compared to 30% in the control group (OR = 1.93). The waiting period was significantly shorter in the experimental group (73 vs. 98 days, p< 0.001), and both calving-to-fertilization and calving-to-calving intervals were reduced by approximately 31 days (p<0.001). However, the overall reduction in the breeding period remained inconclusive. While PGF2α treatment did not significantly reduce postpartum pathologies, it markedly enhanced the resumption of ovarian cyclicity and improved reproductive intervals in dairy cows, leading to enhanced reproductive efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"861-867"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Isolates from Caught Fish of the Caspian Sea.","authors":"Yazdanpanah Elaheh, Rajabi Zahra, Maftoon Hamideh, Mirbagheri Seyedeh Zohre, Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (<i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>) is a marine bacterium widely recognized as a predominant causative agent of bacterial foodborne outbreaks globally. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of toxin-producing genes and antibiotic resistance patterns in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> isolates obtained from fish caught in the Caspian Sea. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, involving 220 fish samples from four fish species (<i>Rutilus kutum</i>, <i>Mugilidae</i>, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> and <i>Perca</i>). Samples underwent enriched and culture for bacteriological and biochemical examination. Isolates were confirmed using the 16S rRNA flagella-specific gene of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the diskdiffusion method. Additionally, PCR was employed to detect three virulence genes (<i>toxR</i>, <i>tdh</i>, and <i>trh</i> genes). Out of a total of 220 fish samples, 40 (18.2%) were found to be contaminated with <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>. All 40 confirmed isolates possessed the <i>toxR</i> gene, and 29 (72.5%) harbored the <i>tdh</i> gene, while none of them contained the <i>trh</i> gene. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (97.5%) and chloramphenicol (92.5%), but resistant to amoxicillin (95%) and doxycycline (95%). These findings provide valuable insights into microbial contamination of fish caught in the Caspian Sea and highlight the need for control measures due to the high prevalence of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in seafood and the subsequent presence of multi drug resistance (MDR) isolates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"937-944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}