Malignant Edema in Some Sheep Flocks of Iran.

Q3 Veterinary
H Esmaeili, S M Joghataei, P Lotfalizadeh, F Haji Agha Khiabani
{"title":"Malignant Edema in Some Sheep Flocks of Iran.","authors":"H Esmaeili, S M Joghataei, P Lotfalizadeh, F Haji Agha Khiabani","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.1.153","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant edema is a severe and rapidly fatal disease that affects both domestic and wild livestock. The disease manifests following the introduction of Clostridium spp. into wounds or skin damage, with Clostridium septicum being commonly linked with malignant edema. This disease, characterised by oedema, doughy swelling and skin necrosis, is underreported in Iran, leading to a lack of awareness among clinicians. Addressing this issue is imperative, as evidenced by current research efforts aimed at enhancing our understanding of the disease's prognosis, bacteriological and molecular diagnosis, clinical signs, and treatment.The present study was initiated after the detection of suspicious signs of malignant edema in three separate flocks with imported breeds. Investigations included regular clinical exams and sample collection from subcutaneous tissue. The affected livestock consists of five Île-de-France sheep and two Romane rams, with one Île-de-France ram succumbing to the disease.The bacteriological procedure, including Gram staining and isolation of the causative agent, was meticulously carried out using the standard method.The PCR assay was conducted to validate the existence of C. septicum and reject the presence of Clostridium chauvoei by employing specific primers. The diagnosis of malignant edema in the affected sheep was confirmed through clinical, macroscopic, and bacteriological examinations, all of which corroborated the presence of C. septicum.The PCR assay demonstrated the presence of the C. septicum, thereby verifying the bacteriological procedure.Initial signs of the infection included depression, weakness, high fever, and colic, followed by regional pain, crepitation, swelling characterised by a doughy consistency, edema, pain, and necrosis. The study emphasises the significance of early diagnosis and antibiotic intervention (Penicillin and Streptomycin) in preventing fatalities due to malignant edema. Nevertheless, it is important to note the persistent challenge of the inability to repair necrotic tissue at the lesion site. Malignant edema, not being a prominently warned disease and with vaccinations available against its causative agent, has received comparatively less focus from clinicians and researchers in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 1","pages":"153-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12426447/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archives of Razi Institute","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.1.153","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Veterinary","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Malignant edema is a severe and rapidly fatal disease that affects both domestic and wild livestock. The disease manifests following the introduction of Clostridium spp. into wounds or skin damage, with Clostridium septicum being commonly linked with malignant edema. This disease, characterised by oedema, doughy swelling and skin necrosis, is underreported in Iran, leading to a lack of awareness among clinicians. Addressing this issue is imperative, as evidenced by current research efforts aimed at enhancing our understanding of the disease's prognosis, bacteriological and molecular diagnosis, clinical signs, and treatment.The present study was initiated after the detection of suspicious signs of malignant edema in three separate flocks with imported breeds. Investigations included regular clinical exams and sample collection from subcutaneous tissue. The affected livestock consists of five Île-de-France sheep and two Romane rams, with one Île-de-France ram succumbing to the disease.The bacteriological procedure, including Gram staining and isolation of the causative agent, was meticulously carried out using the standard method.The PCR assay was conducted to validate the existence of C. septicum and reject the presence of Clostridium chauvoei by employing specific primers. The diagnosis of malignant edema in the affected sheep was confirmed through clinical, macroscopic, and bacteriological examinations, all of which corroborated the presence of C. septicum.The PCR assay demonstrated the presence of the C. septicum, thereby verifying the bacteriological procedure.Initial signs of the infection included depression, weakness, high fever, and colic, followed by regional pain, crepitation, swelling characterised by a doughy consistency, edema, pain, and necrosis. The study emphasises the significance of early diagnosis and antibiotic intervention (Penicillin and Streptomycin) in preventing fatalities due to malignant edema. Nevertheless, it is important to note the persistent challenge of the inability to repair necrotic tissue at the lesion site. Malignant edema, not being a prominently warned disease and with vaccinations available against its causative agent, has received comparatively less focus from clinicians and researchers in Iran.

伊朗某些羊群的恶性水肿。
恶性水肿是一种严重和迅速致命的疾病,影响家畜和野生牲畜。该疾病在将梭状芽孢杆菌引入伤口或皮肤损伤后表现出来,败血症梭状芽孢杆菌通常与恶性水肿有关。这种以水肿、肿胀和皮肤坏死为特征的疾病在伊朗的报道不足,导致临床医生缺乏认识。解决这一问题势在必行,正如目前旨在提高我们对疾病预后、细菌学和分子诊断、临床体征和治疗的理解的研究成果所证明的那样。本研究是在三个不同的进口品种禽群中发现可疑的恶性水肿迹象后开始的。调查包括定期临床检查和皮下组织样本采集。受影响的牲畜包括5只Île-de-France绵羊和2只罗马公羊,其中一只Île-de-France公羊死于该疾病。细菌学程序,包括革兰氏染色和病原体的分离,都是用标准方法精心进行的。采用特异性引物进行PCR检测,验证败血性C. septicum的存在,并对chauvoei梭状芽孢杆菌的存在进行排斥。通过临床、肉眼及细菌学检查,确诊患羊为恶性水肿,均证实败血性大肠杆菌的存在。PCR分析证实了败血性大肠杆菌的存在,从而验证了细菌学程序。感染的最初症状包括抑郁、虚弱、高烧和绞痛,随后是局部疼痛、发痒、肿胀,特征为面团状,水肿、疼痛和坏死。该研究强调了早期诊断和抗生素干预(青霉素和链霉素)对预防恶性水肿死亡的重要性。然而,重要的是要注意无法修复病变部位坏死组织的持续挑战。恶性水肿并不是一种得到显著警告的疾病,也没有针对其病原体的疫苗接种,伊朗的临床医生和研究人员对它的关注相对较少。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Archives of Razi Institute
Archives of Razi Institute Veterinary-Veterinary (all)
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
108
审稿时长
12 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信