Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Advancing Animal Biotechnology: A Review.","authors":"R R Siva Kiran, P Dhamodhar","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into animal biotechnology is revolutionizing the field, particularly in developing countries where agriculture and livestock play significant roles in the economy. AI and ML enable more efficient data analysis in areas such as genetic optimization, disease prediction, and livestock management, improving both productivity and sustainability. With the growing availability of data, AI-driven models can process large volumes of information from diverse sources such as environmental conditions, genetic markers, and health records, offering more precise insights than traditional methods. Recent advancements include AI-powered diagnostic systems for detecting and managing disease outbreaks, which allow for faster response times and more targeted interventions, ultimately reducing economic losses. Enhanced breeding techniques, now, leverage machine learning algorithms to predict desirable genetic traits, enabling farmers to make data-driven breeding choices. Feed efficiency improvements, another critical area, benefit from AI's ability to analyze nutrient requirements and optimize feeding schedules based on individual animal needs, reducing waste and costs. Additionally, AI is increasingly applied to animal health monitoring, using tools such as sound-based systems and piezoelectric sensors embedded in smart collars to track behaviors indicative of health issues. In the dairy sector, AI models assess health risks like nitrate contamination in milk, contributing to safer food production and improving public health. In genetic studies, AI enhances selective breeding, improving traits such as growth and disease resistance. This manuscript reviews the transformative role of AI and ML in animal biotechnology, focusing on developing regions where resource optimization is crucial. By simplifying complex techniques and providing step-by-step tutorials, this work aims to equip researchers and practitioners with practical tools to harness AI in animal biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"819-832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential of <i>Citrus Aurantium</i> and <i>Artemisia Annua</i> Essential Oils Nanoemulsions.","authors":"Osanloo Mahmoud, Alipanah Hiva, Hashempour Mohammad Arman, Motazedian Benyamin, Zarenezhad Elham, Zahedifard Zahra, Ghasemian Abdolmajid","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance has posed considerable health and economic burdens globally (approximately five million deaths annually), particularly in developing countries. The estimated annual treatment costs in the United States include US$4.6 billion. Vast antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species has spread from healthcare to the environment, community, and animals. These conditions have limited and in some cases, failed infection eradication options and facilitated the distribution of drug-resistant organisms. The spread of drug-resistant bacterial infections is a major human health concern, hence, seeking novel antibacterial agents is crucial. This study used nanoemulsions of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> and <i>Artemisia annua</i> essential oils (EOs) as natural antibacterial agents. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that limonene (31.4%) and artemisia ketone (26.2%) were major components, respectively. After that, their nanoemulsion dosage forms with mean droplet sizes of 181 ± 7 and 160 ± 5 and zeta potential values 3.1 ± 0.8 and -4.9 ± 0.5 mV were prepared. Meanwhile, successful loading of the EOs in nanoemulsion was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis. <i>A. annua</i> nanoemulsion with 40% antioxidant effect was significantly more potent than <i>C. aurantium</i> nanoemulsion. Meanwhile, nanoemulsions' antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against clinical and standard strains, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, were investigated. The best efficiency was related to the effect of <i>C. aurantium</i> nanoemulsion against <i>S. aureus</i>; minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 500 and > 2000 µg/mL. In addition, no biofilm was formed after treatment with both nanoemulsions. Therefore, <i>C. aurantium</i> and <i>A. annua</i> EO nanoemulsions may act as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents in complementary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"927-936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oropouche Virus: The Silent Threat of a Re-emerging Arbovirus.","authors":"Shanmugaraj Balamurugan, Sankar Karthikeyan","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oropouche virus is a neglected, emerging virus that belongs to the <i>Peribunyaviridae</i> family and has caused significant public health concerns, especially in South America. Since its discovery in the 1950s, this virus has demonstrated a considerable impact on public health through its silent spread and occasional outbreaks. At least 30 major outbreaks have been reported, with more than half a million cases documented in many countries including Brazil, Peru, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago. In 2024, more than 16,000 confirmed cases were reported, including four deaths. It is endemic to Amazon and is currently spreading beyond its territory to non-endemic countries. It has been linked to human death for the first time, raising major concerns about the threat this virus poses to public health. The virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of the midge <i>Culicoides paraensis</i> and possibly by certain mosquito species. Oropouche virus fever does not exhibit specific clinical symptoms and is therefore often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed as other arboviral diseases. Currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral treatment available; hence, disease prevention mainly focuses on vector control and personal protection measures. Understanding the comprehensive drivers influencing the emergence and spread of this disease is vital for developing effective control and prevention strategies. This infection has recently emerged as one of the most important viral diseases in Latin America and is likely to remain a considerable threat to global public health in the near future. Here, an overview of Oropouche virus, it's clinical features, and pathogenesis are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"813-818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Bartonella spp. infections in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Fakhri-Demeshghieh Aliasghar, Khoramian Parniyan, Shirzadi Mohammad Reza, Akbarein Hesameddin","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the public health importance of Bartonella infections, its epidemiology is under-studied, particularly in Iran. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of Bartonella infections in humans, domestic and wild animals, and invertebrates in Iran, respectively. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, and IranDoc databases were searched. Title and abstract screening was done by two independent reviewers based on the eligibility criteria. The eligibility criteria were cross-sectional studies investigating the prevalence of Bartonella infections in humans, pets, farm animals, and parasites in Iran. A random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was used for data synthesis. Subgroup analysis was done based on the host species. A total number of 220 results were identified by the search, among which 93 were removed as duplicates. Of the 127 remaining results, 19 studies were included. The molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. infections was 4% with the highest values observed in rats (17%), dogs (10%) and cats (10%), respectively. The seroprevalence of Bartonella spp. among cat owners and hospital patients in Tehran was 18% and 5%, respectively. Also, the seroprevalence of Bartonella spp. among dogs in Hamadan was estimated to be 74.24%. Based on culture methods, in one study among cats in Shahrekord, 12.5% of blood samples were positive. Based on the findings of the current study, the molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. in Iran was higher in rats, dogs, and cats. However, more investigations, particularly in other hosts, are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"843-852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray Investigation of the Aging Process of Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant in Protein-Based Vaccine Formulations Over a Short Period.","authors":"Halvagar Mohammad Reza, Zali Mohammad, Zali Sara, Najafi Mobarra Mahdieh, Bahemat Samira","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nearly a century has passed since Glenny and colleagues introduced aluminum-based adjuvants. Over this extensive period, billions of doses of human and veterinary vaccines incorporating these adjuvants have been produced, ensuring both human health and food security. Aluminum-based adjuvants have played a pivotal role during epidemics, allowing scientists to accelerate vaccine development and save lives. Continuous research conducted by institutions worldwide has substantiated the safety and efficacy of aluminum-based adjuvants, establishing them as the gold standard. Consequently, any new adjuvant must be benchmarked against aluminum-based adjuvants and demonstrate substantial advantages in order to gain regulatory approval. This study aims to investigate the short-term structural and physicochemical changes in aluminum hydroxide in protein-based formulations under thermal treatments at 100°C for 24, 48, and 72 hours. These periods were designed to simulate the aging process that occurs during the storage of adjuvants at room temperature. Specifically, the research examines changes in the physicochemical properties of the adjuvant, including pH fluctuations during these thermal treatments, alterations in the sterilization process, protein adsorption capacity for each sample, particle size distribution, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. These findings not only enhance our understanding of adjuvant stability in vaccine formulations but also provide valuable insights into determining their optimal shelf life and performance. The study demonstrates that the best storage conditions for the adjuvant, with minimal impact from the aging process, are a low pH (pH=5) and higher ionic strength. It was also confirmed that innovative measures, such as reducing the sterilization cycle, stirring the samples after sterilization, and rapidly cooling them afterward, can prevent crystal growth and even produce smaller particle sizes with higher adjuvanticity. This is significant, as previous studies have reported a decline in adjuvanticity following sterilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1047-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Laser Light-Scattering and Analytical Profile Index Systems for Foodborne Bacteria Identification.","authors":"Al-Oklah Bassam, Al-Deen Rudwan Badr, Haj Mustafa Muhannad, Ibrahim Enas","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne bacteria pose substantial risks to human health and food safety. Scientists worldwide have shown great interest in the development of rapid, reliable, and cost-effective methods for identifying foodborne bacteria. Among these methods, optical scattering technology (BARDOT) has emerged as the fastest and most efficient technique, offering a unique pattern of scattered light passing through the center of the bacterial colony for identification purposes. In this study, we examined 118 isolates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, <i>Hafnia alvei</i>, and <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, derived from various food sources. To identify these isolates, we employed Analytical Profile Index (API) systems -specifically API 20E and ID 32E -which rely on biochemical tests, in addition to laser light-scattering technology. In this method, ideal colonies -which exhibited specific characteristics such as a suitable diameter, isolation from neighboring colonies, and a completely circular shape without any irregular edges -were selected to create scatter images. These scatter images revealed a distinct \"fingerprint\" that could be utilized to differentiate between the species. This \"fingerprint\" allowed for the successful identification of all isolates belonging to the five species in our current study, achieving 100% identification accuracy. Our findings demonstrated that laser light-scattering technology provided accurate identification in a cost-effective and safe manner. This method eliminated the need to open the plates containing the bacterial colonies, ensuring the colonies remained intact after identification. Furthermore, the laser light-scattering technique proved to be much more rapid compared to the API 20E and ID 32E systems, which were not only significantly more expensive but also time-consuming and labor-intensive.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1015-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Neospora caninum</i> Infection in Rodents: A Molecular Study in Dairy Cattle Farms in Arak, Iran.","authors":"Arabkhazaeli Fatemeh, Khani Mohammad, Hosseini Seyed Davood, Farrokhnia Mobina","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Neospora caninum</i> is an apicomplexan protozoa which is an important cause of abortion and economic loss in dairy and beef industries. This parasite follows an indirect prey-predator lifecycle, allowing both domestic and wild species to participate in its transmission. Ongoing research aims to ascertain the involvement of other vertebrates in the epidemiology and transmission of this parasite. Rodents,which are abundant in many habitats including livestock farms, although their role in the maintenance and spread of <i>N. caninum</i> remains unresolved. In this study, the potential role of feral rodents in the transmission of <i>N. caninum</i>, was investigated in wild rodents captured from several dairy farms with a history of abortion and neosporosis in Arak city, Iran. During the study, rodent samples were collected from 14 farms with high abortion rate. All trapped rodents were identified as Mus musculus. Following necropsy, brain samples were collected and tested using Nested-PCR. No evidence for <i>N. caninum</i> infection was detected in any of the rodents' samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1069-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of ESBLs, pAmpC-beta-lactamase genes, and plasmid replicon types among <i>Shigella</i> species from different cities in Iran.","authors":"Ayatollahi Mousavi Seyyed Amin, Mohammadian Mahla, Hosseini Nave Hossein, Mohseni Parvin, Kalantar-Neyestanaki Davood","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Shigella</i> species (spp) are the common gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with diarrhea. Treatment of infections caused by this genus of bacteria remains a global challenge due to increasing resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ESBLs, plasmid-mediated AmpC-beta-lactamase (pAmpC) genes, and plasmid replicon types among 210 clinical isolates of <i>Shigella</i> spp, collected from different cities across Iran. Antibacterial susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics, as well as ESBLs production, were assessed in accordance with Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidlines. ESBLs, pAmpC genes, and plasmid replicon types of the isolates were detected using PCR and multiplex PCR methods. The highest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while the lowest rate of resistance was observed with cefoxitin. Fifty-four percent of the isolates were considered ESBL-producers. Beta-lactamase genes, including <i>bla_CTX-M</i> , <i>bla_TEM</i> , and <i>bla_DHA</i> were detected in 93 (44%), 84 (40%), and 3 (1.4%) of the isolates, respectively. Ten distinct plasmid replicon types, including I1-Iγ, K, W, FIB, Y, P, FIC, FIA, HI1, and B/O were identified among the isolates. The study sheds light on the persistent challenges posed by multidrug-resistant (MDR) shigellosis to public health in different regions of Iran. Despite advancements in hygiene practices, the prevalence and population composition of <i>Shigella</i> species have remained largely unchanged. Also, the spread of beta-lactamase genes and various plasmid replicon types is increasing among the <i>Shigella</i> spp across Iran, which poses challenges for their treatment. More efficient strategies and monitoring efforts should be considered to prevent their further spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"897-906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mir‑429 and GATA4 May Participate in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Autophagy and Apoptosis: the Impact of Chlorogenic Acid.","authors":"Salimi Rahil, Shirpoor Alireza, Naderi Roya","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy is a double-edged sword for maintaining neural system homeostasis during the development of cerebral ischemia. However, the potential molecular mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Changes in miR-429 and its target GATA4, along with autophagy mediators and apoptosis in ischemic stroke, were examined in this research. Additionally, the study investigated these factors in combination with chlorogenic acid (CGA). Male Wistar rats were separated into three categories. (n=8): sham, IR (ischemia-reperfusion, Induction of transient cerebral ischemia via occlusion and reperfusion of the common carotid artery.) and IR+CGA (30 mg/kg, ip; administered intraperitoneally, 10 minutes before the onset of ischemia and 10 minutes prior to reperfusion). Levels of miR-429, GATA4, c-Caspase-3 / p-Caspase-3 ratio, LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin1 and p62 were assessed using Real- time PCR and Western blot assays. At the end of the experiment, increased miR-429 gene expression (P<0.05) and c-Caspase-3/p-Caspase-3 ratio (P<0.01), along with decreased GATA4 protein expression (P<0.001), were observed in IR group. In addition, the brains of CCAO rats displayed significantly increased autophagy activation, as evidenced by an increased LC3-II/I ratio and Beclin1 protein expression, and decreased p62 expression after 24 h of reperfusion (P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry studies has alsorevealed that the ratio of overall LC3 immunoreactivity in the cortex tissue of male rats was significantly increased by cerebral IR (P<0.001). Treatment with CGA significantly attenuated autophagic activity and apoptosis, reversing the aforementioned molecule levels. Taken together, these results suggested that ischemic insult can increase autophagic activities and apoptosis, possibly through miR‑429 and GATA4 alterations in the brain cortex following cerebral IR insult, which can be alleviated by CGA as a potential therapy for individuals affected by ischemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"945-955"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of staphylococci isolated from camel milk in Algeria.","authors":"Mehouel Fetta, Belhout Charhazed, Lounes Nedjma, Lezzoum-Atek Sara, Bouayad Leila","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the prevalence of staphylococcal contamination in camel milk collected from various farms in the M'sila region of Algeria and evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Staphylococcus spp.</i> isolates. It is the first study involving detailed testing of staphylococci from Algerian raw camel milk. Over a three-month period, 20 camel milk samples were collected and subjected to bacterial isolation using the spread plate technique. <i>Staphylococcus</i> species were identified through conventional methods and the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) Biotyper. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method with various antibiotics from different classes. The results revealed a 100% prevalence of Staphylococcus contamination in the analyzed samples. Among the 30 <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (<i>S. epidermidis</i>) (37%) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) (17%) were the predominant species. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that only 6.66% of the isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while 93.3% exhibited resistance or intermediate susceptibility to at least one antibiotic. Notably, resistance to penicillin was highly prevalent (87%). Diverse antibiotic resistance profiles were observed, with single, double, triple, and quadruple resistance patterns. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> contamination and antibiotic resistance profiles in camel milk, highlighting the need for effective strategies and measures to control and prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which should be part of livestock management strategies to protect both animal and public health. The identification of <i>S. epidermidis</i> isolate classified as MR-MDR CNS highlights the rise of methicillin-resistant strains of CNS and the challenge they pose in maintaining the efficacy of therapeutic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1039-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}