Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic Influences of Mentha Piperita and Clinoptilolite: A Study on Histologic and Morphometric Outcomes.","authors":"M Ghasemi, P Parhizkar Roudsari, M Ghasem Ahangari, N Takzaree","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1197","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The restoration of healthy human skin function in the early stages is contingent upon the effective healing of wounds. This process requires the highest quality of care. While previous research has examined the individual impacts of Mentha Piperita and clinoptilolite, this experiment demonstrates their synergistic effects, presenting a promising new approach to expedite wound recovery. The study employed a total of 60 male Wistar rats, which were randomly assigned to one of five experimental groups: a negative control group, a positive control group (phenytoin ointment), a clinoptilolite group, an M. Piperita group, and an M. Piperita + clinoptilolite group. All ethical considerations were upheld, and neck wounds were created. Histological examinations were conducted on days 4, 7, and 14. Additionally, collagen deposition, inflammation, and re-epithelialization scores were evaluated on day 14 using the scoring system developed by Abramov. Wound healing assays were conducted on days 4, 7, 10, and 14. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The M. Piperita + clinoptilolite group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the number of fibroblasts and vessels, accompanied by a notable reduction in the inflammatory cell count, when compared to all other experimental groups within the wound site. Furthermore, all groups exhibited significantly elevated collagen deposition and re-epithelialization scores (P-value <0.05) and diminished inflammatory cell infiltration (though not reaching statistical significance) compared to the control group. Furthermore, the M. Piperita + clinoptilolite group exhibited a markedly reduced wound surface area and accelerated healing rate compared to all other groups on all experimental days. On day 14, the recovery percentage reached an impressive 99.75 ± 0.5. The combination of clinoptilolite and M. piperita exerts a significant influence on wound healing, as evidenced by the histopathologic parameters and clinical outcomes. This combination is more effective than the separate usage of either substance or phenytoin.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1197-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Food Preservation candidate Zataria multiflora endrimer Synthesis and Antimicrobial Assessment.","authors":"R Ghasemi, S Mehdikhani, M Khani","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1287","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is widely acknowledged for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Zataria multiflora, also designated as ZTM, is a distinguished botanical species. Therefore, it represents an excellent alternative to products containing synthetic preservatives. Therefore, it can be concluded that this is the optimal choice. The objective of this experiment was to ascertain the efficacy of a novel nanoformulation, designated dendrimer-ZTM, in achieving the desired outcome. The composition of the nanoformulation is a pegylated anionic linear globular G2 dendrimer. The objective of this experiment was to ascertain whether the nanoformulation was capable of preventing Escherichia coli from penetrating the mayonnaise. Once the dendrimer had been synthesized, an extract from Z. multiflora was added to it. In the final stage of the process, a range of techniques, including zeta potential analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were employed to provide a comprehensive and accurate description of the material. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the nanoformulation exhibited intriguing protective effects. This result was observed at the conclusion of the experiment. The findings of the investigation revealed that the minimal inhibitory and fatal value was 1500 μg/mL. Furthermore, even at the lowest concentrations tested (0.1 and 0.01 per hour), the nanoformulation demonstrated the capacity to markedly diminish the levels of E. coli present in bacterial cultures. The efficacy of the nanoformulation was demonstrated by its successful performance. During the inspection of the nanoformulation, its identification was initially determined. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of dendrimer-ZTM indicate that it has the potential to be an effective natural dietary supplement, as evidenced by our findings. This conclusion was reached as a result of a comprehensive analysis of the data collected.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1287-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics under Selective Pressure: Novel Insights and Biosafety Challenge.","authors":"V M Chernov, O A Chernova, M I Markelova, M V Trushin","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1165","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of novel high-resolution physicochemical techniques and the integration of omics technologies into biomedical research have opened avenues for investigating the mechanisms underlying bacterial survival in vitro and in vivo, subjected to the influence of biotic and abiotic stressors. This encompasses axenic cultures, microbial communities, and holobionts. The development of innovative methodological platforms has facilitated the acquisition of unique data relevant to both fundamental and applied scientific fields. The experimental results indicated a remarkably high level of genomic plasticity in microorganisms and the potential for the evolution of bacterial virulence under selective pressure. These findings have significantly impacted our understanding of the arsenal of self-defense tools in bacteria and the prioritization of research in this field. The increasing quantity of factual material now necessitates a shift in focus from pathogens to the broader category of commensal bacteria, which are used as probiotics in various fields, including medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. The possibility of large-scale genomic reorganization and progressive evolution of virulence in these bacteria under stressful conditions, as well as their modulation of host cell signaling systems and suppression of innate immunity, negative regulation of key cell cycle controllers, disruption of the structure of the intestinal microbiota and intestinal homeostasis, highlight the obvious insufficiency of our knowledge about the \"logic of life\" of symbionts and the mechanisms of their interaction with eukaryotic cells. This may compromise the ideas of several practical applications. This underscores the importance of comprehensive studies of commensals, their potential for plasticity in different environmental conditions, and the ways in which they communicate and interact with regulatory networks of higher organisms. It also highlights the need to develop a standardization for assessing the safety of probiotics. The review addresses these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1165-1182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of Stem Cell-Conditioned Media on Malignancy Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells <i>in Vitro</i>.","authors":"M Najafi, M Khordadmehr, B Baradaran, S Najafi, M Amini, R Asadpour","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1249","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer represents the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer among women on a global scale. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in interest among researchers in exploring alternative therapeutic methods, including stem cell therapy. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media (AD-MSCs-CM) on apoptosis induction and migration inhibition of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) <i>in vitro</i>. In this study, malignant breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) were cultured separately in DMEM/F12/FBS (15%) culture media under standard conditions. Subsequently, the conditioned media derived from AD-MSCs was introduced to the MDA-MB-231 cells. Following a 24- and 48-hour exposure period, the expression levels of CASP3, KRAS, and MMP9 were evaluated using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Furthermore, the proliferation and migration abilities of the cancer cells were evaluated using MTT and wound healing assays, respectively. Furthermore, the protein expression of Caspase-3, K-RAS, and MMP-9 was examined using a western blot assay. It is noteworthy that the expression levels of the MMP9 and KRAS genes were significantly reduced following treatment with AD-MSCs-CM in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, the CASP3 gene expression level was found to have increased significantly in the treated groups. Additionally, the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with AD-MSCs-CM was markedly diminished by MTT and wound healing assays. Moreover, the AD-MSCs-CM was observed to induce caspase-3 activation and reduce the protein expression of K-RAS and MMP-9. The results of this study indicate that AD-MSCs-CM may exert an influence on the apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of breast cancer cells. Consequently, it could be proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for the suppression of breast cancer. However, further testing and research are required to validate these findings and to ascertain the full potential of this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1249-1256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Histopathologic Grading.","authors":"M Hosseinzadeh, A Z Titidej, A Mokhlesi, Z Yazdi, F Azmoudeh, S Samani, H Saffar","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1345","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) has been associated with various tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the precise role of TATE in these contexts remains to be fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and its correlation with histopathologic grading. A total of 70 OSCC tissue samples were collected between 2016 and 2020 for examination. The samples comprised 60 previously diagnosed cases of OSCC, classified as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC), moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC). Two observers independently assessed TATE using Sirius red stain, with the average eosinophil count evaluated in 10 fields under the ×40 objective lens. Statistical analysis involved the Student t-test, One-way ANOVA, and chi-square test. The study encompassed 70 OSCC samples and corresponding healthy tissue, with OSCC predominantly found in the tongue, representing 61.4% of cases. The total eosinophil count per high-power field (HPF10) was significantly higher in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to healthy tissue. Furthermore, the mean TATE score was found to be considerably elevated in OSCC tissue. However, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically non-significant association between different grades of OSCC and eosinophil counts. However, the chi-square test did not indicate a significant association between eosinophil count and gender or age group. The present study underscores the heightened eosinophil count observed in cancerous tissues compared to healthy tissues. However, the variability in eosinophil counts across distinct OSCC grades remains ambiguous. Further investigation is recommended to delve into the infiltration of eosinophils in solid tumors and their potential role in predicting malignancies, particularly in OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1345-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Quince Seed Mucilage Film Reinforced With Carboxymethyl Cellulose Containing Ginger Essential Oil on the Microbial, Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Turkey Meat.","authors":"R Rabti, A Motallebi Moghanjoghi, H Kazemeini, L Golestan","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1353","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevention of spoilage in food products, particularly those types that are susceptible to rapid deterioration, such as poultry meat, has historically posed a significant challenge within the food industry. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a castor bean mucilage film fortified with carboxymethyl cellulose and incorporating ginger essential oil (GEO) on the characteristics of turkey meat. The preparation of GEO and the subsequent chemical composition analysis via gas chromatography (GC/MS) were undertaken to ascertain its properties.The experimental design involved the utilization of a control group (C), a quince seed mucilage film reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose (film), a film containing 1% essential oil (film+1% GEO), and a film containing 2% essential oil (film+2% GEO). Subsequently, an array of assessments was conducted to ascertain the microbial properties (aerobic, psychrotrophic, lactic acid, and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria), chemical properties (pH, PV, TVB-N, and TBARS), and sensory evaluation. Additionally, the physical properties of the films, including tensile strength (TS), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), elongation at break (EAB), humidity, swelling, thickness, and transparency, were investigated. The results of this investigation indicated the presence of zingiberene (15.71%), α-curcumene (11.39%), and β-sesquiphellandrene (10.69%) as the predominant compounds in GEO. The film+2% GEO treatment was identified as the most effective treatment in all microbial properties, exhibiting a significant difference compared to the other treatments, particularly the control group (P<0.05). The findings demonstrated enhancements in the physical and chemical characteristics of the samples treated with film, particularly with film+2% GEO in comparison to the control group. For instance, the level of TVB-N escalated from 10.67 mg/100g on day 0 to 21.61 mg/100g on the final day, whereas the levels observed for the control treatment on day 0 and 12 were 10.68 mg/100g and 10.0 mg/100g, respectively. The increase in TVB-N content was 39.95%. The sensory evaluation revealed that the application of the film led to an enhancement in the sensory characteristics of the samples across all parameters, with the exception of appearance. The study's findings indicate that the incorporation of Quince seed mucilage film reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose, particularly when supplemented with essential oil, can be regarded as a contributing factor in the preservation and enhancement of the quality of food items, particularly meat products.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1353-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safflower-Derived Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles: Potential Impact on the Delivery of SARS-CoV-2 MRNA Transcripts.","authors":"S Shahsavandi, H Nasr Isfahani, A A Hariri, Z Sharifnia, S Soleimani, A Moradi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1217","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly highlighted the successful application of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as an advanced platform for mRNA vaccine delivery. Ionizable lipid is the main component for complexing the mRNA in LNP formulation and <i>in vivo</i> delivery. In the first step of this study, we used the native safflower oil seed to prepare dilinoleyl alcohol. Then the cationic lipid DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3) was synthesized by mixing the alcohol with dimethylamino butyric acid. Safflower-derived MC3 was applied to formulate an LNP vector with standard composition. The efficiency of the synthetic cationic lipid was evaluated for delivering an mRNA-based vaccine encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. The produced mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate was evaluated in size, morphology, mRNA encapsulation efficiency, apparent pKa, and stability for nucleic acid delivery. Cellular uptake was determined by measuring the percentage of GFP expression, and cytotoxicity was assayed using MTT. The MC3 formation was confirmed by the NMR spectra and used as a cationic lipid in LNP formulation. The obtained LNPs had positively charged and appropriate particle sizes (~80 nm) to confer proper encapsulation efficiency for mRNA delivery and stability. The LNPs were shown to be effective in the transfection of mRNA transcripts into HEK293T cells. A high level (72.34%) of cellular uptake was determined by measuring the percentage of GFP expression. The cytotoxicity assay using MTT showed that both LNP and mRNA-LNP were non-toxic to cells. These data demonstrate the potential of the proposed safflower-derived cationic lipid in the formulation of LNP. The carrier provides a promising platform for the efficient delivery of mRNA <i>in vitro</i>. Further evaluations of its potential for <i>in vivo</i> delivery are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1217-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Monkey Pox Disease as a Current Important Disease in the World.","authors":"S Soleimani, N Motamed","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1121","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkey pox has recently garnered significant attention due to the proliferation of re-emerging and emerging infectious diseases, particularly epidemic-scale outbreaks. Mpox was initially identified as a discrete illness in 1958 among laboratory monkeys in Copenhagen, Denmark. The initial case of monkey pox infection in humans was documented in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The patient was a nine-month-old boy who was the sole member of his family to lack smallpox vaccination. The monkey pox virus is a zoonotic virus belonging to the family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, and genus Orthopoxvirus. Transmission of monkey pox occurs via direct contact with an infected individual or surface. Additionally, transmission between humans can occur via the bodily fluids of an infected individual. This review article addresses all aspects of this disease, beginning with an introduction, history, virology, clinical features, and complications. It then turns to clinical differential diagnosis with similar diseases, epidemiology, prevalence, animal hosts, virus transmission, disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment, and finally, future risks. In light of the aforementioned considerations, this article presents a comprehensive review of the various facets of the disease, offering a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers in the domains of health and public health. The article's insights into the disease's characteristics, its impact on human and animal health, and its potential as a zoonotic disease underscore the importance of disease prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1121-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Concise Review of Major Challenges in the Vaccination, Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019.","authors":"N Bargahi, A Ghasemian, R Hoseinpoor, S Mahmoodi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1155","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on a global scale. An efficacious strategy to control the ongoing pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) includes the rapid recognition of infected patients and the implementation of vaccination programs utilizing accurate and reliable methods. A variety of diagnostic techniques, including computed tomography (CT) scans, serological assays, and molecular methods, have been employed for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, a variety of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and immunotherapies have been employed to combat the virus. This is of particular importance for patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection who are at high risk of developing serious complications. The prognosis, diagnosis, vaccination, and treatment of COIVD-19 present a number of challenges, including variability in disease severity, the emergence of new variants, individual factors and immune responses, co-infections and complications, a lack of long-term data, psychological and social factors, the availability and accessibility of tests, the sensitivity and specificity of tests, variability in symptoms, mild or asymptomatic cases, a limited number of specific antiviral options, clinical heterogeneity, the lack of a universal treatment protocol, overburdened healthcare systems, the management of severe cases, long-term effects and post-COIVD-19 syndrome, vaccine hesitancy, global cooperation, and vaccine production capacity. This article presents an overview of the most recent advancements in the field of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), encompassing prognosis, diagnosis, vaccination, and therapy. It is of the utmost importance to consult reliable sources such as national health authorities and the World Health Organization (WHO) in order to obtain the latest information on the vaccination of individuals against the novel coronavirus, including details on eligibility, availability, and recommended protocols in any specific region. The range of available treatment options and strategies is subject to ongoing evolution. Healthcare professionals and researchers are assiduously striving to surmount the challenges inherent to therapy and to enhance the outcomes for those affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is imperative that randomized clinical studies be conducted with the objective of identifying the most appropriate and proven treatment in order to reduce the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to prevent the occurrence of future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1155-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neck Muscle Hemorrhage in an Alpine Kid Following Enterotoxemia: a New Necropsy Finding.","authors":"H Esmaeili, S M Joghataei","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1381","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterotoxemia, also referred to as \"Overeating disease\" or \"Pulpy kidney,\" is a condition caused by Clostridium perfringens type D. This condition poses significant economic challenges to the goat industry. The objective of the present report was to document a previously unreported necropsy finding, namely Neck Muscle Hemorrhage, observed in a deceased Alpine kid affected by enterotoxemia. The case in question involved a three-month-old Alpine kid that exhibited clinical signs indicative of acute enterotoxemia. A postmortem examination was promptly conducted to ascertain the underlying cause of death. Aseptic sampling of the small intestine, specifically the ileum contents, was performed during the postmortem examination. The samples were then examined bacteriologically. Additionally, a commercial enterotoxemia ELISA kit was utilized to identify the enterotoxins produced by C. perfringens, including Alpha, Beta, and Epsilon toxins, and to confirm the presence of bacteria in the obtained samples. During the postmortem examination, no overt external lesions were observed. However, necropsy revealed several remarkable gross lesions, including hemorrhage and hyperemia of the colonic mucosa and small intestine, pulmonary edema, hemothorax, hydropericardium, and neck muscle hemorrhage. The bacteriological investigation and ELISA assay results indicated the presence of alpha and epsilon enterotoxins in the intestinal contents, thereby confirming the detection of C. perfringens type D bacteria. Collectively, these findings provide substantial evidence that strongly links the observed lesions to enterotoxemia caused by C. perfringens type D infection in the examined alpine kids. Notably, the investigation identified a peculiar gross lesion-namely, hemorrhagic necrotizing lesions in the neck muscle-that has not been previously reported in goats and which is associated with enterotoxemia. The recognition of this distinctive lesion underscores its significance as a noteworthy manifestation of enterotoxemia in goats. The documentation of this lesion provides clinicians with valuable guidance during necropsy examinations, aiding in the recognition and diagnosis of cases of enterotoxaemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1381-1386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}