Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"The Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential of <i>Citrus Aurantium</i> and <i>Artemisia Annua</i> Essential Oils Nanoemulsions.","authors":"Osanloo Mahmoud, Alipanah Hiva, Hashempour Mohammad Arman, Motazedian Benyamin, Zarenezhad Elham, Zahedifard Zahra, Ghasemian Abdolmajid","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.927","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance has posed considerable health and economic burdens globally (approximately five million deaths annually), particularly in developing countries. The estimated annual treatment costs in the United States include US$4.6 billion. Vast antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species has spread from healthcare to the environment, community, and animals. These conditions have limited and in some cases, failed infection eradication options and facilitated the distribution of drug-resistant organisms. The spread of drug-resistant bacterial infections is a major human health concern, hence, seeking novel antibacterial agents is crucial. This study used nanoemulsions of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> and <i>Artemisia annua</i> essential oils (EOs) as natural antibacterial agents. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that limonene (31.4%) and artemisia ketone (26.2%) were major components, respectively. After that, their nanoemulsion dosage forms with mean droplet sizes of 181 ± 7 and 160 ± 5 and zeta potential values 3.1 ± 0.8 and -4.9 ± 0.5 mV were prepared. Meanwhile, successful loading of the EOs in nanoemulsion was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis. <i>A. annua</i> nanoemulsion with 40% antioxidant effect was significantly more potent than <i>C. aurantium</i> nanoemulsion. Meanwhile, nanoemulsions' antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against clinical and standard strains, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, were investigated. The best efficiency was related to the effect of <i>C. aurantium</i> nanoemulsion against <i>S. aureus</i>; minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 500 and > 2000 µg/mL. In addition, no biofilm was formed after treatment with both nanoemulsions. Therefore, <i>C. aurantium</i> and <i>A. annua</i> EO nanoemulsions may act as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents in complementary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"927-936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mir‑429 and GATA4 May Participate in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Autophagy and Apoptosis: the Impact of Chlorogenic Acid.","authors":"Salimi Rahil, Shirpoor Alireza, Naderi Roya","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.945","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy is a double-edged sword for maintaining neural system homeostasis during the development of cerebral ischemia. However, the potential molecular mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Changes in miR-429 and its target GATA4, along with autophagy mediators and apoptosis in ischemic stroke, were examined in this research. Additionally, the study investigated these factors in combination with chlorogenic acid (CGA). Male Wistar rats were separated into three categories. (n=8): sham, IR (ischemia-reperfusion, Induction of transient cerebral ischemia via occlusion and reperfusion of the common carotid artery.) and IR+CGA (30 mg/kg, ip; administered intraperitoneally, 10 minutes before the onset of ischemia and 10 minutes prior to reperfusion). Levels of miR-429, GATA4, c-Caspase-3 / p-Caspase-3 ratio, LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin1 and p62 were assessed using Real- time PCR and Western blot assays. At the end of the experiment, increased miR-429 gene expression (P<0.05) and c-Caspase-3/p-Caspase-3 ratio (P<0.01), along with decreased GATA4 protein expression (P<0.001), were observed in IR group. In addition, the brains of CCAO rats displayed significantly increased autophagy activation, as evidenced by an increased LC3-II/I ratio and Beclin1 protein expression, and decreased p62 expression after 24 h of reperfusion (P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry studies has alsorevealed that the ratio of overall LC3 immunoreactivity in the cortex tissue of male rats was significantly increased by cerebral IR (P<0.001). Treatment with CGA significantly attenuated autophagic activity and apoptosis, reversing the aforementioned molecule levels. Taken together, these results suggested that ischemic insult can increase autophagic activities and apoptosis, possibly through miR‑429 and GATA4 alterations in the brain cortex following cerebral IR insult, which can be alleviated by CGA as a potential therapy for individuals affected by ischemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"945-955"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray Investigation of the Aging Process of Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant in Protein-Based Vaccine Formulations Over a Short Period.","authors":"Halvagar Mohammad Reza, Zali Mohammad, Zali Sara, Najafi Mobarra Mahdieh, Bahemat Samira","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1047","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nearly a century has passed since Glenny and colleagues introduced aluminum-based adjuvants. Over this extensive period, billions of doses of human and veterinary vaccines incorporating these adjuvants have been produced, ensuring both human health and food security. Aluminum-based adjuvants have played a pivotal role during epidemics, allowing scientists to accelerate vaccine development and save lives. Continuous research conducted by institutions worldwide has substantiated the safety and efficacy of aluminum-based adjuvants, establishing them as the gold standard. Consequently, any new adjuvant must be benchmarked against aluminum-based adjuvants and demonstrate substantial advantages in order to gain regulatory approval. This study aims to investigate the short-term structural and physicochemical changes in aluminum hydroxide in protein-based formulations under thermal treatments at 100°C for 24, 48, and 72 hours. These periods were designed to simulate the aging process that occurs during the storage of adjuvants at room temperature. Specifically, the research examines changes in the physicochemical properties of the adjuvant, including pH fluctuations during these thermal treatments, alterations in the sterilization process, protein adsorption capacity for each sample, particle size distribution, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. These findings not only enhance our understanding of adjuvant stability in vaccine formulations but also provide valuable insights into determining their optimal shelf life and performance. The study demonstrates that the best storage conditions for the adjuvant, with minimal impact from the aging process, are a low pH (pH=5) and higher ionic strength. It was also confirmed that innovative measures, such as reducing the sterilization cycle, stirring the samples after sterilization, and rapidly cooling them afterward, can prevent crystal growth and even produce smaller particle sizes with higher adjuvanticity. This is significant, as previous studies have reported a decline in adjuvanticity following sterilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1047-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of ESBLs, pAmpC-beta-lactamase genes, and plasmid replicon types among <i>Shigella</i> species from different cities in Iran.","authors":"Ayatollahi Mousavi Seyyed Amin, Mohammadian Mahla, Hosseini Nave Hossein, Mohseni Parvin, Kalantar-Neyestanaki Davood","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.897","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Shigella</i> species (spp) are the common gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with diarrhea. Treatment of infections caused by this genus of bacteria remains a global challenge due to increasing resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ESBLs, plasmid-mediated AmpC-beta-lactamase (pAmpC) genes, and plasmid replicon types among 210 clinical isolates of <i>Shigella</i> spp, collected from different cities across Iran. Antibacterial susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics, as well as ESBLs production, were assessed in accordance with Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidlines. ESBLs, pAmpC genes, and plasmid replicon types of the isolates were detected using PCR and multiplex PCR methods. The highest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while the lowest rate of resistance was observed with cefoxitin. Fifty-four percent of the isolates were considered ESBL-producers. Beta-lactamase genes, including <i>bla_CTX-M</i> , <i>bla_TEM</i> , and <i>bla_DHA</i> were detected in 93 (44%), 84 (40%), and 3 (1.4%) of the isolates, respectively. Ten distinct plasmid replicon types, including I1-Iγ, K, W, FIB, Y, P, FIC, FIA, HI1, and B/O were identified among the isolates. The study sheds light on the persistent challenges posed by multidrug-resistant (MDR) shigellosis to public health in different regions of Iran. Despite advancements in hygiene practices, the prevalence and population composition of <i>Shigella</i> species have remained largely unchanged. Also, the spread of beta-lactamase genes and various plasmid replicon types is increasing among the <i>Shigella</i> spp across Iran, which poses challenges for their treatment. More efficient strategies and monitoring efforts should be considered to prevent their further spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"897-906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Neospora caninum</i> Infection in Rodents: A Molecular Study in Dairy Cattle Farms in Arak, Iran.","authors":"Arabkhazaeli Fatemeh, Khani Mohammad, Hosseini Seyed Davood, Farrokhnia Mobina","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1069","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Neospora caninum</i> is an apicomplexan protozoa which is an important cause of abortion and economic loss in dairy and beef industries. This parasite follows an indirect prey-predator lifecycle, allowing both domestic and wild species to participate in its transmission. Ongoing research aims to ascertain the involvement of other vertebrates in the epidemiology and transmission of this parasite. Rodents,which are abundant in many habitats including livestock farms, although their role in the maintenance and spread of <i>N. caninum</i> remains unresolved. In this study, the potential role of feral rodents in the transmission of <i>N. caninum</i>, was investigated in wild rodents captured from several dairy farms with a history of abortion and neosporosis in Arak city, Iran. During the study, rodent samples were collected from 14 farms with high abortion rate. All trapped rodents were identified as Mus musculus. Following necropsy, brain samples were collected and tested using Nested-PCR. No evidence for <i>N. caninum</i> infection was detected in any of the rodents' samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1069-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Laser Light-Scattering and Analytical Profile Index Systems for Foodborne Bacteria Identification.","authors":"Al-Oklah Bassam, Al-Deen Rudwan Badr, Haj Mustafa Muhannad, Ibrahim Enas","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1015","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne bacteria pose substantial risks to human health and food safety. Scientists worldwide have shown great interest in the development of rapid, reliable, and cost-effective methods for identifying foodborne bacteria. Among these methods, optical scattering technology (BARDOT) has emerged as the fastest and most efficient technique, offering a unique pattern of scattered light passing through the center of the bacterial colony for identification purposes. In this study, we examined 118 isolates of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, including <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, <i>Hafnia alvei</i>, and <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, derived from various food sources. To identify these isolates, we employed Analytical Profile Index (API) systems -specifically API 20E and ID 32E -which rely on biochemical tests, in addition to laser light-scattering technology. In this method, ideal colonies -which exhibited specific characteristics such as a suitable diameter, isolation from neighboring colonies, and a completely circular shape without any irregular edges -were selected to create scatter images. These scatter images revealed a distinct \"fingerprint\" that could be utilized to differentiate between the species. This \"fingerprint\" allowed for the successful identification of all isolates belonging to the five species in our current study, achieving 100% identification accuracy. Our findings demonstrated that laser light-scattering technology provided accurate identification in a cost-effective and safe manner. This method eliminated the need to open the plates containing the bacterial colonies, ensuring the colonies remained intact after identification. Furthermore, the laser light-scattering technique proved to be much more rapid compared to the API 20E and ID 32E systems, which were not only significantly more expensive but also time-consuming and labor-intensive.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1015-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of staphylococci isolated from camel milk in Algeria.","authors":"Mehouel Fetta, Belhout Charhazed, Lounes Nedjma, Lezzoum-Atek Sara, Bouayad Leila","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1039","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the prevalence of staphylococcal contamination in camel milk collected from various farms in the M'sila region of Algeria and evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Staphylococcus spp.</i> isolates. It is the first study involving detailed testing of staphylococci from Algerian raw camel milk. Over a three-month period, 20 camel milk samples were collected and subjected to bacterial isolation using the spread plate technique. <i>Staphylococcus</i> species were identified through conventional methods and the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) Biotyper. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method with various antibiotics from different classes. The results revealed a 100% prevalence of Staphylococcus contamination in the analyzed samples. Among the 30 <i>Staphylococcus</i> isolates, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (<i>S. epidermidis</i>) (37%) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) (17%) were the predominant species. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that only 6.66% of the isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while 93.3% exhibited resistance or intermediate susceptibility to at least one antibiotic. Notably, resistance to penicillin was highly prevalent (87%). Diverse antibiotic resistance profiles were observed, with single, double, triple, and quadruple resistance patterns. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> contamination and antibiotic resistance profiles in camel milk, highlighting the need for effective strategies and measures to control and prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which should be part of livestock management strategies to protect both animal and public health. The identification of <i>S. epidermidis</i> isolate classified as MR-MDR CNS highlights the rise of methicillin-resistant strains of CNS and the challenge they pose in maintaining the efficacy of therapeutic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1039-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinocembrin Isolated from Nigerian Propolis Prevents Elevation of Cytokines Implicated in the Aetiology of Diabetic Retinopathy in Rat Models of Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Mustafa Oladayo Ibrahim, Lukman Jimoh, Tanko Yusuf","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.783","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Propolis, a resin produced by bees-, contains the flavonoid compound pinocembrin, which shows promise for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications, though its therapeutic potential remains underexplored. Diabetic retinopathy, a common complication of diabetes, involves retinal inflammation and vascular damage. Previous research indicates that Nigerian propolis may have anti-hyperglycemic effects and the ability to lower glycosylated hemoglobin levels. This study evaluated the protective effects of pinocembrin, extracted from Nigerian propolis, against diabetic retinopathy in a streptozotocin-induced rat model. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, resulting in sustained hyperglycemia. The diabetic rats were then administered oral pinocembrin at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks. Pinocembrin effectively mitigated the elevation of inflammatory mediators, including Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), within the retinal tissues of the treated diabetic rats. Furthermore, pinocembrin enhanced levels of the antioxidant enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), and also improved glycemic control and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The results indicate that pinocembrin possesses significant therapeutic potential for preventing or mitigating diabetic retinopathy. Its capacity to regulate inflammatory processes and strengthen antioxidant defenses underscores its potential as a treatment strategy for managing this vision-threatening complication associated with diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 3","pages":"783-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authentication of RBK (Razi Bovine Kidney) Cell Line Derived from Primary Kidney Cell.","authors":"Maghami Masoumeh, Lotfi Mohsen, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi Fattah, Mohammadi Ashraf","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.759","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RBK cell line, derived from primary bovine kidney cell, was established and introduced by Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. RBK cell line has been transformed into continuous cell line through serial passaging of primary cell. Based on experiments conducted, the RBK cell line demonstrates high sensitivity to viruses. As cell line identification is crucial to confirm the validity of experimental results, and can ensure their credibility, accurate authentication helps prevent unreliable findings. Misidentification of the cell line or its contamination can lead to unreliable results as well as waste of resources. Forecasting the origin of a cell line, as it directly contributes to its value; the more detailed the origin, the more valuable the cell line is considered. Contamination is a serious concern in cell culture because it can significantly affect the physiology and viability of cell lines. Therefore, based on standard guidelines, it is necessary to implement various assays to ensure contaminant-free cultures and confirm the identity of cell lines. For accurate identification, verification and authentication of a cell line, various methods must be applied simultaneously. In this study, purification and identification of RBK cell line were investigated using molecular tests such as PCR, PCR-RFLP and real time PCR based on mitochondrial DNA. The present study provides the authentication of RBK cell line and demonstrates that the RBK is free of adventitious agents, including Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV). Considering the RBK cell line's capability for unlimited proliferation, stability and sensitivity to viruses, the present study introduces this cell line as a reliable tool for viral research, which can contribute to numerous important scientific advances.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 3","pages":"759-768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalent Infectious Causes of Abortion in the Ruminant Population in Iran- A Literature Review.","authors":"Hassani Masoud, Menzies Paula, Alamian Saeed, Esmaeili Hossein","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.569","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.3.569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abortion is one of the most crucial problems for ranchers in Iran, in terms of economics, animal healthcare, and zoonotic diseases. The farm animal industry in Iran suffers major economic losses due to abortion each year. Until now, some epizootological studies have been conducted on infectious agents of ruminant abortion in Iran. However, there is no comprehensive information on the ruminant abortion status in Iran. Our goal was to collect all the available information on common infectious causes of abortion in ruminants in Iran to better understand the situation in the country. This review covers all published documents in the main English and Persian-language databases on infectious agents causing abortion inruminants (cattle, sheep, goats, camels and buffalo) in Iran from 1980 to May, 2024.Although ruminant abortion in Iran has multifactorial etiologies, the present study identified infectious diseases as a significant risk factor for abortion in ruminants . Important putative infectious agents that cause abortion in sheep and goats include toxoplasmosis, chlamydiosis, brucellosis and coxiellosis, while in cattle, the important infectious agents include neosporosis, BVDV and BoHV-1. According to our results, a well-defined control strategy for preventing and controlling infectious abortion in Iran should be based on further epidemiological studies on the cause of abortion, accurate recordkeeping, laboratory analysis, control of animal trafficking from neighboring countries and from one region to another within the country, the employment of good biosecurity practices that inhibit the introduction and spread of infectious causes of abortion, and the use of vaccination programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 3","pages":"569-584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}