Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Computed Tomographic Anatomy and Topography of the Lower Respiratory System of the Mature Rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>).","authors":"T Rekabdar, M Yousefi, M Masoudifard, O Zehtabvar, S J Ahmadpanahi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among various mammals, the laboratory rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) is widely used for experimental purposes and belongs to the order Rodentia, family Muridae, and genus <i>Rattus</i>. The lack of comprehensive studies on the topography and CT anatomy of thoracic structures in this species necessitates further investigation. This study aims to accurately describe the topography of the lungs, trachea, and heart in rats based on CT scan findings compared with anatomical observations. CT scan images were obtained from 10 adult male rats at 1 mm intervals using a Siemens Somatom Spirit CT Scanner, followed by anatomical studies through autopsy. Morphometric measurements were taken from the CT images, and the thorax, lungs, heart, and intrathoracic trachea, along with the spatial relationships of the organs, were meticulously examined during the anatomical studies. Detailed descriptions were compiled from both the CT scan images and autopsy findings. The tracheal bifurcation was consistently located between the fourth and fifth ribs in all samples. The right lung was larger and more voluminous than the left lung. The heart was oriented toward the left, and the right bronchus was shorter than the left. The results confirmed that the right lung was more voluminous than the left lung in <i>R. norvegicus</i>, as evidenced by precise measurements. It was also found to be longer than the left lung, although both lungs exhibited similar width and height. Notably, the use of CT scans enables anatomical examination of living and active body structures, which can be practically beneficial. In general, the lungs extend from the second rib to the last rib, with the right lung occupying slightly more space both anteriorly and dorsally. Regarding lobulation, the left lung consists of one lobe, while the right lung has four lobes. This study underscores the value of CT imaging in facilitating anatomical assessments in vivo, enhancing its practical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"981-988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piracetam as Neuroprotective, Anticonvulsant, and Anti-Anxiety Agent: An <i>In Vivo</i> Study on Ptz Epileptic Rats.","authors":"T Karimi Shayan, A Abdolmaleki, A Asadi, H Hassanpour","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy, a category of neurological disorder, is characterized by recurrent seizures. Epileptic seizures are characterized by sudden alterations in brain electrical activity. Piracetam is a derivative of cyclic aminobutyric acid that exerts neuroprotective effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and anti-anxiety effects of piracetam in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure rat model. To evaluate the anticonvulsant properties of piracetam in the PTZ seizure model, the experimental groups were administered piracetam at doses of 30 or 100 mg/kg. The positive control group was administered diazepam (2 mg/kg), while the negative control group was treated with only PTZ. The anti-anxiety effects were evaluated using the elevated plus maze and open field tests. Additionally, the antioxidant effects of piracetam on brain tissues were examined. The open field test results demonstrated a significant increase in the number of crossings over the line in the Piracetam (30 and 100 mg/kg) and diazepam groups, in comparison to the negative control group. In the plus maze test, the groups administered Piracetam demonstrated a greater tendency to spend time in the open arms than the control group. Furthermore, diazepam markedly elevated the time spent in the open arms in comparison to the negative control group. The histological results demonstrated structural alterations in hippocampal neurons. Additionally, the antioxidant test demonstrated that Piracetam possesses antioxidant properties when compared to the negative control group. Piracetam demonstrated anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects in PTZ-induced epileptic rats, exhibiting the ability to inhibit or reduce the incidence of seizures. Additionally, it demonstrated anti-anxiety and sedative properties. The neuroprotective effects of Piracetam may be attributed to its ability to regulate neurotransmitter systems, including cholinergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic pathways. It can be posited that Piracetam may possess neuroprotective, anti-epileptic, anti-anxiety, and antioxidant properties in PTZ epileptic rats. Nevertheless, additional research is required to substantiate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1057-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Honey on Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.","authors":"N N Emeka, S I Ghasi, E Sampson, O O Erejuwa","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) has been identified as a contributing factor in the development of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of honey on high glucose-induced PPH in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in overnight-fasted rats by administering alloxan [150 mg/kg body weight (BW)]. The diabetic rats were administered either drinking water (1 ml/kg BW) or honey (1, 2 or 3 g/kg BW) via oral gavage. Each group consisted of six rats. Prior to the administration of either the drinking water or the honey, the baseline fasting blood glucose (BG) was measured and recorded as BG₀. Subsequently, BG levels (BG₆₀, BG₁₂₀ and BG₁₈₀) were assessed at 60, 120 and 180 minutes, respectively. The estimation of the BG parameters concentration was performed, including the area under the curve (AUC), the peak BG (PBG), the percentage change in BG. The AUC and PBG did not differ between the diabetic groups (regardless of administered agents) and the diabetic control group. Compared with baseline fasting blood glucose (BG₀), the BG₆₀ significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased in diabetic rats that received drinking water or honey (2 or 3 g/kg BW) but not in diabetic rats that received 1 g/kg BW of honey. The diabetic rats that received 1 g/kg BW of honey exhibited significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) lower percentage change in BG compared with the diabetic control rats. The study demonstrated that the administration of honey (regardless of dosage) did not exacerbate high glucose-induced PPH in diabetic rats. The study also indicated that a dose of 1 g/kg BW of honey was the most effective dose in suppressing PPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"943-948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Combating <i>H. pylori</i>: A Brief Review.","authors":"M Iman, S Mirfakhraee","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well established that <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection is a primary cause of gastritis. There is an alarming potential for this infection to progress into gastric cancer if left unaddressed. However, the efficacy of conventional treatments is undermined by the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance and the necessity for complex multidrug and high-dose therapeutic regimens. Furthermore, the presence of factors such as biofilm formation, efflux pumps, and gene mutations significantly elevates the risk of treatment failure. In view of these significant challenges, contemporary drug delivery systems represent a vital adjunct in the battle against <i>H. pylori</i>. These advanced and sophisticated systems offer significant advantages, including enhanced drug protection, controlled release, and targeted delivery to specific tissues. Nanoparticles, in particular, show promise in combating <i>H. pylori</i> infection through a variety of mechanisms, including direct drug delivery into the bacteria and the destruction of bacterial walls, as well as generation of free radicals. This review provides an overview of the current therapeutic landscape, including both existing and evolving treatment options. It delves into the transformative potential of novel drug delivery systems, including micro- and nanoparticles, to play a transformative role in the complex field of <i>H. pylori</i> infection treatment. By examining the complex relationship between infection dynamics and cutting-edge delivery technologies, this review seeks to identify avenues for more effective and targeted interventions against this persistent threat. As our understanding of <i>H. pylori</i> infection advances, new treatments and enhanced drug delivery methods offer the prospect of a more effective and personalized approach to combating this persistent health problem. This dynamic intersection of microbiology and nanotechnology exemplifies the relentless pursuit of innovative solutions to safeguard against the formidable challenges posed by <i>H. pylori</i>. Ultimately, it offers hope for improved patient outcomes and a healthier population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"903-914"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant fusion protein LipL41-OmpL1 as a Potential Candidate for a Cost-effective Vaccine against Leptospirosis.","authors":"M Eghbal, P Khaki, F Ghandehari, M Taghizadeh, M Tebianian","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis represents a significant threat to the health of both humans and animals. It is a disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira. The early detection of pathogenic Leptospira is an effective method for preventing a multitude of potential complications. The protected outer membrane protein (OMP) of pathogenic Leptospira, LipL41-OmpL1, was inserted into E. coli bacteria using different software for the amino acid sequence of OmpL1 and LipL41. This was done to design a recombinant fusion protein, which was then expressed to investigate immunogenicity. The selected genes were propagated and cloned as a fusion in a PET32a+ plasmid vector and expressed by Escherichia coli strain S (DE3) via a heat shock method. The evaluation was conducted using the BALB/c mouse as the laboratory animal model. The recombinant LipL41-OmpL1 protein was confirmed using the urea purification method and western blot, and its immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring the high humoral immune stimulation and antibody secretion in BALB/c mice by the ELISA method. The findings demonstrated that the animals that received both the OmpL1 and LipL41 proteins exhibited 85% immunogenicity, whereas the control group that did not receive the fusion protein demonstrated only 25% immunogenicity (P<0.001). Moreover, no evidence of infection was identified in recipients of the OmpL1-LipL41 fusion protein, indicating that this protein is safe for use. The protective effects of immunization with OmpL1 and LipL41 were synergistic, as no significant levels of protection were observed in animals immunized with OmpL1 or LipL41 alone. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of a recombinant OmpL1 and LipL41 fusion protein as a promising avenue for research in the development of vaccines and ELISA diagnostic kits for the prevention and rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1099-1108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Effects of <i>Astragalus Ecbatanus</i> Extract against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.","authors":"S N Taheri, H Mahmoudvand, J Ghasemian Yadegari, S Pourhossein, L Masoori","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the distinctive characteristics of <i>Astragalus</i> in the treatment of diseases and the strengthening of the immune system, for the first time, this study represents the first attempt to study the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> leishmanicidal effects of chloroform extract of <i>A. ecbatanus</i> (AECE) on <i>Leishmania major</i>. The <i>in vitro</i> activity was determined against <i>L. major</i> (MHOM/AF/88/KK27). In addition, the effect of AECE on the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and the rate of macrophage infectivity was evaluated. The, antileishmanial effects of topical administration of AECE at 10 and 20 mg/kg were evaluated <i>In vivo</i> on cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) index of AECE and amphotericin B for promastigotes was found to be 76.3 and 2.78 μg/mL, respectively. The number of amastigotes exhibited a dose-dependent decline following treatment with AECE. The IC₅₀ and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) for AECE were 39.4 and 408.3 µg/ml, respectively. The extract was observed to induce the creation of NO while simultaneously reducing the level of macrophage infection. Following a four-week course of AECE therapy, the lesions of CL were observed to have healed in the infected mice. Additionally, the number of the amastigote forms of <i>Leishmania</i> in the CL lesions was significantly reduced following AECE therapy in infected mice (p<0.05). These findings demonstrate the considerable inhibitory and eliminatory effects of AECE on <i>Leishmania</i> <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Even though we have identified some cellular mechanisms of action for AECE, e.g. reducing the infectivity rate and the induction of NO production against <i>Leishmania</i> parasites, further experiments are essential to identify the specific mechanisms of action, assess safety, and determine its ability in animals and human subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"929-934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Aureus</i> Infection, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, Biofilms Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Clinical Samples.","authors":"Z Hemmati, A Soltani Borchaloee, F Bazrafshan, B Jahan Latibari, P Mehrpour Ghaziani, M Hashemi Khou","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global health situation is caused by Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strains, which exhibit resistance to the majority of antibiotics. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance make the treatment of these infections more complicated and intricate. The objective of this study was to investigate the <i>mec</i>A, <i>bla</i>Z, <i>cna</i>, and <i>fnb</i>A genes and the pattern of antibiotic resistance in <i>S. aureus</i> isolates obtained from different clinical samples. In this study, 78 strains of <i>S. aureus</i> were collected from different a variety of clinical specimens. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined via the disk agar diffusion method. The prevalence of the <i>mec</i>A, <i>bla</i>Z, <i>cna</i>, and <i>fnb</i>A genes and the antimicrobial resistance patterns exhibited by the isolates against 10 conventional antibiotic disks were evaluated in these isolates. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software version 25. Of the 78 samples collected, 63 samples were found to contain the <i>mec</i>A gene representing a prevalence of (62.2%). A total 63 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were examined, of which is present in 60 (95.2%) exhibited the <i>bla</i>Z gene and 51 (81%) exhibited the <i>fnb</i>A gene. The frequency of the <i>cna</i> gene was observed in 42 (66.7%) samples. Additionally, a significant correlation was identified between the <i>cna</i> and <i>fnb</i>A genes and gentamicin and tetracycline antibiotic resistance with (P<0.05). The antibiotic resistance pattern revealed that all the isolates exhibited resistance to oxacillin (100%), penicillin (95.2%), and demonstrated the least resistance to vancomycin (3.2%), and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (17.5%). In comparison to other studies conducted in Iran, our findings indicate an average prevalence of MRSA. However, the level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics in these isolates was considerable. In this situation, it is recommended to monitor antibiotic resistance in these hospitals and medical centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"923-928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Beta vulgaris and Laurus Nobitis on Lipid Profile and Kidney in Hyperuricemia Rat.","authors":"C J Khdhir, C G Raouf, J K Shakor, S H Mohammed, D H Karim, S J Muhammd, M Salih","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperuricemia is a major contributor to various chronic and metabolic diseases. It contributes to hyperlipidemia, elevated serum creatinine, hyperglycemia, and weight gain through multiple pathways and mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of <i>Beta vulgaris</i> and <i>Laurus nobilis</i> on reducing the risk of hyperuricemia-related metabolic disorders and kidney damage in a rat model. Twenty-four adult male albino rats (weighing approximately 200-220 g and aged 8-12 weeks) were housed in the animal facility. Hyperuricemia was induced in the model group by administering oxonic acid (250 mg/kg body weight). Treatment groups received either <i>Beta vulgaris</i> or <i>Laurus nobilis</i> following hyperuricemia induction. Kidney tissue samples were examined histopathologically, and biochemical tests were conducted on all rat groups. In rats treated with Laurus nobilis and <i>Beta vulgaris</i>, all biochemical parameters-excluding HDL-were significantly decreased compared to the hyperuricemia model rats (P ≤ 0.01). Notably, cholesterol (49.00±6.48), triglycerides (47.25±2.22), LDL (34.50±3.11), uric acid (4.90±0.22), urea (46.00±0.82), creatinine (0.35±0.03), blood glucose (193.00±11.20), and weight gain (77.75±2.06) were lower. Histopathological analysis showed reduced nephron damage in rats treated with <i>Beta vulgaris</i> and <i>Laurus nobilis</i>. This study demonstrated that hyperuricemia induces kidney damage and metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased serum creatinine, urea, and weight gain in model rats. <i>Beta vulgaris</i> and <i>Laurus nobilis</i> significantly reduced these biochemical parameters and ameliorated histopathological signs of hyperuricemia, such as glomerular atrophy and hydropic changes in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Laurus nobilis exerted a more substantial effect on lipid profile, blood glucose, serum creatinine, weight, and urea levels than <i>Beta vulgaris</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1005-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney Toxicity Studies in Mice (BALB/C) Recurrently Infected with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> and Treated With either Artemether plus Lumefantrine (AL) or Artesunate plus Amodiaquine (AA).","authors":"D Audu, O A Idowu, F M Mshelbwala, A B Idowu","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals residing in regions where malaria is endemic are frequently exposed to the disease and subsequently treated. The frequent exposure to malaria and its treatment could exert a deleterious effect on the kidneys, which are responsible for eliminating metabolites. This could potentially lead to oxidative stress and impair their function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential consequences of repeated exposure to malaria parasites and treatment with artemether plus lumefantrine (AL) or artesunate plus amodiaquine (AA) on kidney oxidative stress and functional markers. Three groups of male mice were randomly assigned for the study: the control group was administered distilled water, while the other two groups were infected with berghei <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> and treated with either AL or AA for six consecutive periods. The study parameters were examined in the blood and kidney tissues following the initial, third, and sixth exposure intervals. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidneys was significantly higher in mice exposed to <i>P. berghei</i> and treated with either AL (p<0.001) or AA (p<0.01) after the first, third, and sixth exposures than in the control group. Following the third and sixth exposures to <i>P. berghei</i> and AL or AA, there was a considerable increase (p<0.001) in the activities of kidney glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The observed increases in MDA, GPx, SOD, and CAT levels did not follow a consistent upward trend. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were identified in the plasma levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, and creatinine between the groups exposed to <i>P. berghei</i> and treated with AL or AA and the control group following the sixth exposure. Histological analysis revealed the presence of glomerular edema in the kidney tissue of mice infected with <i>P. berghei</i> and treated with AL or AA during the initial, third, and sixth exposure periods. Mice that were repeatedly exposed to malarial parasites and treated with either AL or AA showed elevated levels of kidney lipid peroxidation during consecutive exposures. However, there was also evidence of elevated levels of GPx, SOD, and CAT activity in the kidneys, which may have protected against lipid peroxidation and preserved renal function. Nevertheless, the observed antioxidant activity proved to be insufficient for the prevention of glomerular edema.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1075-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Treatment in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"R B Nerli, S Gautam, S C Ghagane, S Rai","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current pandemic has resulted in a significant reallocation of health-care resources, with the recommended treatment strategy advocating for oncology patients was to delay elective procedures. A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluatethe impact of COVID-19 on patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the associated treatment protocols. A retrospective review of the inpatient and outpatient records of all patients presenting with renal cell carcinoma during the period from March 2020 to the end of March 2021 was conducted. A total of 26 patients (21 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 55.46±9.44 years were diagnosed with an operable renal mass during the study period. The mean hospitalisation period (15.19±2.28) was found to be longer in patients who required surgical intervention. The delay was attributable to a number of factors, including the necessity for pre-operative testing using RT-PCR, a chest HR-CT, clearance from the chest physician, and preparation. The overall cost of hospitalization increased in these patients compared to the pre-pandemic period due to a number of factors, including prolonged hospitalization, an increased incidence of complications, the necessity for pre-operative testing for SARS-CoV-2, the use of personal protective equipment, and the provision of nursing care. During the same period, three out of eight patients who had metastatic disease with positive RT-PCR were initiated on targeted therapy, while the remaining underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy. The study concludes that patients with RCC seeking treatment during the current pandemic face significant challenges, including delays in treatment, increased hospitalization rates, and a rise in testing, which collectively contribute to elevated treatment costs. It is imperative to conduct a long-term follow-up to ascertain whether these factors have influenced the outcome of the patients in question.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 5","pages":"1091-1097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12018751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}