Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Nanoadjuvants in Cancer Vaccines and Their Immunomodulatory Role and Clinical Applications.","authors":"Hassani Mahan, Mohammadi Neda, Derakhshan-Nezhad Elahe, Hajizadeh Shahrak Nilufar, Fakhraee Mahsa, Zarazvand Farjad, Davoudnezhad Dehsorkhi Amirhossein, Dianaty Shiva","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3382","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer vaccines could potentially stimulate the immune system to target and eliminate cancerous cells by activating the immune system. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the type and stage of cancer. Several challenges must be overcome to achieve an effective and long-lasting immune response. Nanoadjuvants have emerged as an essential component of cancer vaccines due to their ability to improve antigen delivery, increase immunogenicity, and modulate the immune response to a given antigen. The current review details the latest developments in nanoadjuvants for cancer vaccines. Nanoparticles such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic nanostructures have been shown to possess a unique ability to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines by facilitating antigen uptake, stimulating dendritic cell maturation, and inducing a robust immune response mediated by T cells. It is also possible, with nanoadjuvants, to engineer and develop immunoadjuvants that release antigens in a controlled manner. This enhances the duration and specificity of the immune response over an extended period. Moreover, the review discusses the potential application of nanoadjuvants in highly customized cancer vaccines, in which the nanoformulation is designed to match the specific antigens of the patient's tumors. In numerous preclinical and clinical studies, nanoadjuvant-based cancer vaccines have been evaluated for their safety and effectiveness, and various formulations are currently being tested at different stages of development to determine their efficacy and safety. However, despite these advances, several challenges still remain, such as potential toxicity, scaling up production, and overcoming regulatory hurdles. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the future directions of nanoadjuvants in cancer immunotherapy and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaborative efforts to address existing challenges and fully unlock the potential of this innovative approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1091-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning and Expression of a cDNA Encoding Phosphoribosyltransferase Type I From <i>Strongyloides ratti</i>.","authors":"Jolodar Abbas","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3516","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Strongyloides ratti</i> is closely related to the human parasite <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> and is commonly used as a laboratory model for studying and diagnosing strongyloidiasis in humans. The enzyme phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase) type I of <i>S. ratti</i> is an important enzyme involved in the salvage of purine nucleotides.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of 567 bp cDNA fragment encoding the middle part of a PRTase from <i>S. ratti</i> was carried out using two specific primers. The use of this fragment as a probe allowed the isolation of a larger cDNA sequence through searching the expressed sequence tag (EST) database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The entire size of the assembled fragment was 789 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits a high degree of homology (98.6%) with the only sequence of <i>S. ratti</i>. The <i>S. ratti</i> phosphoribosyltransferase (<i>SrPRT</i>) sequence had the lowest genetic distance with the only <i>S. ratti</i> partial mRNA sequence XM_024650090.1 (1.6%). Multiple alignment of <i>SrPRT</i> showed that the stretches of amino acid homology correspond to two putative substrate-binding domains for purine and phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP). In the C-terminus part of the protein, there is also a putative binding domain sequence with high homology. A 642 bp fragment of the <i>SrPRT</i>, including the entire coding sequence corresponding to Met-1 to Lys-214 was expressed into an N-terminal 6His-tagPCRT7/NT-TOPO expression vector in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. A band of 30.5 kDa was observed in the IPTG-induced sample compared to the control on SDS-PAGE. Protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis using an anti-His HRP-conjugated antibody.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The successful cloning and expression of <i>PRTase</i> from <i>S. ratti</i> allow us to compare this enzyme with other related proteins. Such knowledge may be valuable for future structure-based drug design strategies using this enzyme as a model system for <i>S. stercoralis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1129-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Effectiveness of Management Techniques: Spiking and Intra-spiking on Broiler Breeder Production, Hatchability, and Fertility Traits.","authors":"Yaghobfar Akbar, Javaheri Barfourooshi Hoda, Yaghoubfar Rezvan","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3397","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of spiking and intra-spiking on mitigating the decline in fertility and hatchability associated with aging roosters in broiler breeder flocks.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>A total of 162 Ross 308 strain birds were utilized, divided into six replicates, each consisting of nine individuals (eight hens and one cock). These replicates were randomly assigned to one of three management treatments: Group 1 (control group), group 2 (spiking group), or group 3 (intra-spiking group). Data were systematically collected from 42 to 62 weeks of age. Semen samples were obtained four times during the experimental period and evaluated for semen characteristics. Additionally, blood samples were supplied for quantifying concentrations of insulin, creatinine, testosterone, and nitric oxide. Following the experimental phase, each rooster was weighed and subsequently slaughtered, wherein testicular tissues were harvested for histological analysis. Fertility and hatchability rates were computed based on the collected data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in semen characteristics among the experimental groups. However, the spiking group exhibited a statistically significant increase in testicular weight compared to the control and intra-spiking groups (P≤0.05). Furthermore, there were greater counts of spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa in the spiking group (P≤0.05). Conversely, the control group demonstrated elevated numbers of Sertoli cells, increased seminiferous duct diameters, and greater thickness of the germinal epithelium compared to the treatment groups (P≤0.05). The decline in fertility and hatchability rates associated with advancing age was less pronounced in the spiking group when compared to the other experimental groups. While concentrations of insulin and creatinine did not exhibit significant variations among the groups, testosterone and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher in the spiking group (P≤0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research findings indicate that spiking represents an effective strategy for maintaining fertility and enhancing hatchability rates in aged broiler flocks, as well as consequently increasing the economic profitability for broiler breeder producers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1217-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyherbal Therapy Restores Sensorimotor Function in Chronic Stress-induced Oxidative Damage.","authors":"Inwang Uduak A, Ogwo Elisha U","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3613","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stress is a mental strain resulting from adverse circumstances. One of the main predictors of the onset of a major depressive episode is chronic, mild stress. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to remove them through antioxidant defenses. This imbalance in sensorimotor function may have a substantial effect on both motor output and sensory processing. This study evaluates the impact of polyherbal formulation (PHF) on sensorimotor function under unpredicted mild chronic stress (UCMS).</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>A total of 25 adult Wistar rats (120-150 g) were divided at random into five groups consisting of five animals each. Rats in group 1 received 1 mL of distilled water each; group 2 was exposed to UCMS; group 3 was exposed to UCMS and treated with imipramine (25 mg/kg); groups 4 and 5 were exposed to UCMS and received PHF extract (250 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg), respectively. All groups received oral treatment once daily for 21 days. Animals were subjected to a beam-walking task to assess sensorimotor function following 21 days of treatment. Following behavioral tests, the animals' cervical dislocation was followed by histological examination of the cerebellum and biochemical estimation of the activities of corticosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using Lorke's method, the LD₅₀ of PHF was determined to be 2500 mg/kg. A significant improvement in motor deficits was suggested by the treatment groups' significantly lower beam-walking time (P<0.05), significantly lower levels of corticosterone and MDA (P<0.05), and significantly higher levels of CAT (P<0.05). Furthermore, moderate healing with active Purkinje cells and mild degeneration of granular cells in the histological section of the treated groups was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusively, treatment with PHF enhanced sensorimotor functions and mitigated oxidative damage due to stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1161-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Molecular Phylogeny of <i>Orthochirus fomichevi</i> Kovařík, Yağmur, Fet & Hussen, 2 (0S1c9o rpiones: Buthidae) From Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, as Inferred from Mitochondrial <i>COI</i> Gene.","authors":"Ali Farhad Ramadhan, Kachel Hamid Saeid","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3741","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Orthochirus fomichevi</i> Kovařík, Yağmur, Fet & Hussen, 2019 comprises small-sized scorpions in the family Buthidae, inhabiting the Kurdistan region of Iraq and parts of Turkey. Despite the availability of some molecular data, the phylogenetic relationship and genetic variation within this species remain largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This study aimed to use the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (<i>COI</i>) gene to build the phylogenetic relationships and estimate the evolutionary divergence of <i>O. fomichevi</i> collected from Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A maximum likelihood tree of <i>O. fomichevi</i> revealed that this species forms a highlysupported clade, distinct from other <i>Orthochirus</i> species. In contrast, <i>O. innesi</i> isolates from GenBank did not group under the same clade; instead, each formed a separate clade. Additionally, the <i>O. afghanus</i> isolate from GenBank failed to form a distinct clade and grouped with <i>O. persa</i> isolates from Iran. Mean genetic distances, calculated using the Kimura 2-parameter model, indicated that all analyzed sequences of <i>O. fomichevi</i> are genetically homogeneous and show greater similarity to <i>O. innesi</i> than to other species. Morphological analysis was in agreement with the molecular findings, further supporting the distinctiveness of <i>O. fomichevi</i>. In contrast, the <i>O. innesi</i> isolates were genetically highly divergent from each other, indicating that they belong to different taxa. Furthermore, <i>O. afghanus</i> and <i>O. persa</i> isolates from GenBank were genetically very close to each other, indicating that they belong to the same species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first molecular phylogeny of <i>O. fomichevi</i>, confirming its distinct genetic identity within the genus <i>Orthochirus</i> and highlighting potential cryptic diversity and misidentifications in <i>O. innesi</i>, <i>O. afghanus</i>, and <i>O. persa</i> isolates from the GenBank database. These findings underscore the importance of integrating molecular tools with morphological analysis for accurate scorpion taxonomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1179-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use and Importance ofArtificial Intelligence in Vaccine Research, Development, and Production.","authors":"Naeem Muhammad Yasir, Selamoglu Batuhan, Danebekovna Koshanova Gulnazira, Selamoglu Mesut, Selamoglu Zeliha","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3442","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to a variety of computing approaches, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), natural language processing (NLP), and computer vision. AI has transformed healthcare, with applications ranging from diagnostics to personalized medicine, drug development, and clinical trial optimization. The advancement of vaccine creation, research, and manufacturing is being significantly impacted by AI. The integration of AI into vaccine research, development, and production has the potential to revolutionize traditional methodologies, significantly accelerating the process of bringing vaccines to market. This review aims to evaluate the role of AI technologies-such as ML, DL, and NLP-in identifying vaccine targets, optimizing formulations, and streamlining manufacturing processes. AI facilitates the analysis of extensive datasets, enabling predictive analytics that enhance the selection of promising vaccine candidates and improve trial outcomes. Furthermore, AI-driven optimization of supply chains enhances vaccine distribution, particularly in low-resource settings, addressing global disparities in access to immunizations. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including ethical concerns related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the integration of AI into existing frameworks. Future directions point toward advancements in AI technologies, including quantum computing, which could further enhance vaccine development efficiency. Collaboration between AI experts and vaccine researchers is crucial for maximizing the potential of AI and ensuring equitable access to vaccines globally. The vaccination distribution may be optimized by AI-powered logistics systems, guaranteeing that doses are given to the appropriate places at the appropriate times. AI can identify the most effective ways to deliver vaccines, minimizing delays and reducing waste, by analyzing data on transportation routes, storage capacity, and cold chain needs. This review highlights the transformative impact of AI on the vaccine development landscape and underscores its importance in responding to emerging infectious diseases and public health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1103-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Evaluation of PVA-NYS-THY Nanofiber Scaffolds as Antifungal Agents Against Fluconazoleresistant <i>Candida glabrata</i>.","authors":"Ahmadian Romina, Larypoor Mohaddeseh, Bayat Mansour","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3399","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The emergence of fluconazole-resistant <i>Candida glabrata</i> presents a significant challenge in antifungal therapy, necessitating the development of alternative treatment strategies. <i>C. glabrata</i>, an opportunistic yeast, is increasing resistance to common antifungals like fluconazole, often due to efflux pump overexpression, leading to compromised treatment efficacy, higher mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. This study focused on fabricating and evaluating polyvinyl alcohol-nystatin-thymol (PVA-NYS-THY) nanofibrous scaffolds as a novel antifungal approach against fluconazole-resistant <i>C. glabrata</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Clinical isolates were identified and assessed for resistance using culture methods, molecular assays, and antifungal susceptibility testing. PVA-NYS-THY nanofibers, produced via electrospinning, exhibited uniform fibers with an average diameter of ~100 nm as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of functional groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to evaluate the nanofibers' effect on the expression of secreted aspartyl proteinases (<i>SAP</i>) and agglutinin-like sequence (<i>ALS</i>) gene. Scaffold release kinetics were characterized, and antifungal efficacy was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PVA-NYS-THY scaffolds showed favorable release profiles and significantly downregulated <i>ALS</i> and <i>SAP</i> gene expression. MIC values for PVA-NYS-THY, PVA-NYS, and PVA-THY were 7.81, 15.62, and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively, demonstrating superior antifungal activity of the PVA-NYS-THY formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest PVA-NYS-THY nanofibrous scaffolds offer a promising therapeutic strategy for combating fluconazole-resistant <i>C. glabrata</i>, providing a novel solution to overcome current limitations in antifungal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1229-1238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Bacteria Isolated During a Male Sheep Castration Surgery.","authors":"Akbari Zahra, Zalikani Neli, Babaei Mohaddeseh","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1075","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are different antibiotic resistance profiles among <i>Yersinia</i> spp. This pathogenic bacterial species causes yersiniosis worldwide, requiring testing of the organism's susceptibility in the local environment. An antibiotic susceptibility profile of a <i>Yersinia</i> spp. isolated from a castration surgical site was analyzed to provide insight into selecting appropriate antibiotics to treat <i>Yersinia</i> spp. infections while addressing antibiotic resistance issues effectively. The surgical site was swabbed before castration, and cultures were performed. Samples from the surgical site were taken after the procedure, cultured, and then incubated. CLSI 2020 guidelines were followed for interpreting antibiotic susceptibility tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was applied to better understand antibiotic susceptibility and resistance patterns, and a zone of inhibition measurement was used to determine the antibiotic effectiveness. Staining and microscopic examination of swab samples after surgery revealed a single colony of Gram-negative bacteria. Laboratory tests confirmed that the isolated Gram-negative bacilli were indeed <i>Yersinia</i> spp. Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer tests showed negative results, while Citrate utilization testing demonstrated a positive result. A positive result was obtained for <i>Yersinia</i> spp. in the glucose fermentation test. Specifically, nitrofurantoin showed a significant zone of inhibition of over 17 mm, and gentamicin showed a zone of inhibition greater than 27 mm. However, resistance to ampicillin (11 mm), ceftriaxone, and cefazolin was observed. Due to the observed resistance to antibiotics, our results indicate that nitrofurantoin and gentamicin are likely to be the best options for treating Yersinia spp., in contrast to ampicillin, cefazolin, and ceftriaxone, which may be unsuitable due to resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1075-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy of in-house-produced AgB with a domestic commercial kit for the serodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis by the ELISA method.","authors":"Mohammadzadeh Tahereh, Arsalani Saideh, Hafezi Fatemeh, Sadjjadi Seyed Mahmoud, Heidari Soudabeh, Sharifzadeh Parviz, Darabi Enayat","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1023","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.1023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a common zoonotic infection caused by the metacestode form of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>. The disease is found worldwide, and Iran is considered an endemic area. Depending on the affected organ, the disease presents with different clinical signs and symptoms. Humans are regarded as dead-end intermediate hosts. CE cysts commonly develop in the liver and lungs, while they are less frequently found in other organs. Timely diagnosis of this disease is essential in humans. Diagnosis relies on imaging methods (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, and CT scan), complemented by serological testing. The present study used the indirect ELISA method to compare the efficacy of in-house-produced antigen B (AgB) and a domestic commercial kit. Hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) was extracted from the liver of sheep infected with a cystic echinococcosis cyst, followed by the preparation of AgB. It was used in the indirect ELISA test. A total of 142 sera, consisting of 36 samples from patients with pathologically confirmed CE, 46 samples from patients with other parasitic diseases, and 60 samples from healthy individuals, were examined using in-house-produced AgB and a domestic commercial ELISA kit. Our findings revealed the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA using in-house AgB to be 86.11% and 95.28%, respectively. The commercial kit demonstrated a sensitivity of 77.78% and a specificity of 99.06%. Although both the in-house-produced AgB and the commercial kit showed considerable and relatively similar diagnostic efficiency, the study results showed a higher sensitivity and validity of AgB compared with the commercial ELISA kit.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"1023-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, and Circovirus and Their Associated Histopathological Lesions in the Pigeons of Mashhad, Iran.","authors":"BehrouziNasab Omid, Razmyar Jamshid, Kalidari GholamAli, Nourani Hossein, KafiMashhadi Reza","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.979","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2025.80.4.979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigeon racing is a popular sport, where trained pigeons compete against each other in flying competitions. Furthermore, pigeons serve as laboratory specimens for scientific research and experiments. Additionally, many people keep pigeons as companion animals, enjoying their company and unique characteristics. The pigeon holds a significant cultural and religious significance, particularly in Islamic countries. Pigeons are susceptible to a range of viral pathogens that can impact their health and performance. This study focuses on three crucial viruses affecting pigeons: Pigeon Adenovirus, Pigeon Circovirus, and Pigeon Herpes virus. To detect these viruses in pigeons, the researchers utilized a method called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). They collected liver samples from deceased pigeons referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Ferdowsi University in Mashhad, Iran. The researchers detected DNA from the samples and prepared histopathological slides following specific protocols. This study confirmed the presence of adenovirus in 15.5%, circovirus in 100%, and herpes virus in 22.5% of the studied pigeons. AdHistopathological examination was conducted on 43% of the samples. Although only one sample (3.3%) exhibited typical inclusion bodies, nearly all the samples showed varying degrees of pathological changes, including congestion, hemorrhage, and necrosis. The present study is among the few investigations into 3 important viruses in pigeons and it is necessary to pay special attention to its results and carry out additional works. Detecting 100% of the livers of sick pigeons as infected with circovirus can also be a significant result, because other manuscripts have not reported such severe contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 4","pages":"979-986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}