Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Plasmid-Mediated Colistin and Fosfomycin Resistance among Clinical Isolates of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing <i>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</i> in Northern Iran.","authors":"S Falsafi, A Ghasemian, M Kohansal, E Zarenezhad, S K Shokouhi Mostafavi, M Rezaian, A Bakhtiari","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of extensively-resistant strains of <i>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>) in healthcare settings is linked to prolonged hospitalization and uncontrolled use of antibiotics. There is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence and mechanisms of colistin and fosfomycin resistance encoding genes rate and mechanisms in Iran. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of biofilm formation and fosfomycin and colistin resistance among <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains producing ESBL and carbapenemases by detecting the <i>mcr-1</i>, <i>mcr-2</i>, and <i>fosA</i> genes in Tehran, Iran, during the 2020-2021 period. After collecting 73 samples, the isolates were identified using biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method. The phenotypic determination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase enzymes was conducted using combined disk and CARBA-NP tests, respectively. The biofilm formation was conducted using a microtiter tissue plate assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the <i>mcr-1</i>, <i>mcr-2</i> and <i>fosA</i> genes,which are associated with colistin and fosfomycin resistance, respectively. The highest resistance rate was observed against ampicillin (97%), chloramphenicol (90%), and ciprofloxacin (87%), respectively.In contrast, the lowest resistance rate was noted against gentamicin (4%), amikacin (10%), and cotrimoxazole (18%). Moreover, 44 and 23 isolates were identified as ESBL and carbapenemase -producing K. pneumonia), respectively. Of the fortyeight isolates that formed strong biofilms,one was a non-biofilm producer. The PCR test revealed the amplification of the <i>fosA2</i> gene in four isolates and the <i>mcr-2</i> genes in one isolate. However, no amplification of the <i>fosA3</i> or <i>mcr-1</i> genes was observed. The present study demonstrated that the frequency of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates producing ESBL and carbapenemase, as well as <i>mcr-1</i>, <i>mcr-2</i> and <i>fosA</i> genes, was relatively low.However,given the potential for these genes to be disseminated more widely, it is imperative to implement effective isolation and control measures. Moreover, these strains demonstrated the capacity to form biofilms in vitro, which can lead to persistent infections in the hospital settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"881-888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Analysis of Nucleocapsid Gene and 3' Untranslated Regions of an Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolate Originated from Broilers in Maragheh.","authors":"R Majdani, Masuleh A Shaki","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus, has become one of the most problematic causes of economic losses in poultry farms. To effectively control the virus, monitoring and surveillance of circulating virus strains in poultry farms is inevitable. Internal organ samples of broilers with clinical signs of infectious bronchitis and two samples of the commonly used vaccine strains (4/91 and H120) in Iranian poultry flocks were used for amplification of a 1.8 kbp fragment including nucleocapsid (N) gene and 3' untranslated region (UTR) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The amplified fragments were digested with the restriction endonuclease enzyme, <i>Alu</i>I. The sequence similarity of the field isolate (Ma1/16) with previous isolates and reference strains of IBV was then investigated. Also, the phylogenetic relationship of Ma1/16 with viruses from other regions was determined based on the sequence of two 600 bp partial sequences of the N gene using Mega7 software. Seven IBVs were classified into two groups based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the N-3´UTR fragment; all of five field isolates and vaccine strain 4/91 were clustered together. Ma1/16 had the highest similarity with two other Iranian IBV isolates, Ur1/09 and MNS-7861-1 (91.7 % and 90 %, respectively), based on the 600 nucleotides of 5´ end of the N-3' UTR fragment of the isolate. The nucleotide sequence of 600 nucleotides at the 3´ end of the amplified fragment in the Ma1/16 isolate (N-3'UTR) had the highest similarity to the BJ strain (86.4%). Regarding the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses using a vaccine candidate based on T-cell epitope peptides in IBV nucleocapsid protein, the gene sequence data of N-3'UTR fragment can be helpful in monitoring of circulating strains of IBV, designing effective IBV vaccines, and successfully controlling IB disease in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"789-798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometrical and Molecular Identification of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> Genotypes in peri-urban wild dogs from an endemic focus in Northwest of Iran.","authors":"M Abolhasani Darounkola, E Ebrahimzadeh, H Borji","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> is a zoonotic parasite responsible for causing cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals. Cystic echinococcosis is recognized as a major public health problem in Iran, with numerous endemic areas spread throughout the country. Wild dogs (Canis familiaris) have been identified as the primary definitive hosts for <i>E.granulosus</i> and are known to play a vital role in the transmission and sustainability of the parasite's life cycle. Understanding the genetic diversity and distribution of <i>E.granulosus</i> genotypes in these wild dogs is important for effective control and prevention strategies. Between 2019 and 2022, a total of 68 peri-urban wild dogs, consisting of 47 males and 21 females, were captured, with unfortunate deaths due to car accidents or disease. Morphological and molecular investigation was performed to determine the presence of <i>E. granulosus</i>. The identification of <i>E. granulosus</i> genotypes was carried out by partial sequencing the COX1 and NADH1 genes. Of the 68 peri-urban wild dogs examined, 8 (11.7%) were positive for <i>E. granulosus</i> by morphological and molecular analysis. By performing PCR it was determined that the peri-urban wild dogs infected with <i>E. granulosus</i> carried the sheep strain (G1) genotype. This study successfully identified the presence of <i>E. granulosus</i> in peri-urban wild dogs, specifically with the G1 genotype. This finding highlights the potential risk that these dogs pose as carriers of this zoonotic parasite, which can be transmitted to humans and other animals. Further research and surveillance are essential to better understand the epidemiology of <i>E. granulosus</i> and to develop effective strategies for its control and eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"721-726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Curcumin on GLP1-R in Liver Tissue of Diabetic Rats.","authors":"R Uğran, Taşçı S Koral","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was designed to investigate the effect of curcumin, known for its antidiabetic properties, on the immunohistochemical localization and gene expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the liver tissues of experimental diabetic rats using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For this, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups-control, sham, diabetic, and diabetic + curcumin groups. The control group received no treatment, and 50 mg/kg streptozotocin was administered to the rats in the diabetic and diabetic + curcumin groups received 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Once diabetes had been established, 100 mg/kg of curcumin was administered intraperitoneally to rats in the diabetic + curcumin group for a period of 21 days. Thesham group was administeredintraperitoneal ethanol and isotonic sodium chloride solution. At the ends of the experiment,tissues were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical examination to ascertain the localization of GLP-1R. Additionally, RT-PCR was employed to determine the levels of GLP-1R gene expression.The histological examinations revealed that the tissue samples from the control and sham groups exhibited a normal histological structure. In contrasr, the diabetic group displayed a range of degenerative changes, including enlargement of the sinusoidal wall enlargement and vacuolization of the hepatocytes. Furthermore, these degenerative findings were mitigated in the diabetic + curcumin group. In the immunohistochemical examinations, the majority of hepatocytes surrounding the vena centralis, as well as some endothelial, and some Kupffer cells,exhibited positively for GLP-1R. The diabetic group exhibited reduced immunoreactivity, while the diabetic + curcumin group demonstrated elevated immunoreactivity compared to the diabetes group. With regard to the molecular analysis, the mean expression level was observed to be higher in the diabetes + curcumin group. However, no significant difference in GLP-1R gene expression was identified between the groups. In conclusion, the administration of curcumin was observed to enhance GLP-1R expression in the liver of the rats with diabetes. Given that GLP-1R is a targets for diabetes treatment, curcumin can be used as a viable therapeutic agent for treating diabetes and alleviating its complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"815-826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Malaria Vaccine RTS, S: A Step toward the Eradication of Malaria.","authors":"N Bhattacharya, A Bhattacharya","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria is a mosquito-borne, life-threatening illness caused by the parasite, <i>Plasmodium</i>. Around 50% of the world's population is endangered by this infectious disease. The antimalarial drug, artemisinin (ART), which is extracted from the plant <i>Artemisia annua</i>, has become a fundamental part of the treatment regime for malaria across the world. The use of ART-based combination therapies against uncomplicated malaria has been endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). As per the latest World Malaria Report in 2022, around 247 million malaria cases were reported in 2021 from 84 malaria-endemic nations, including the territory of French Guiana, a considerable upsurge from the 245 million reported in 2020. One of the foremost reasons for this increase was linked with disturbances to services for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment measures during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. On October 6, 2021, the WHO suggested the RTS,S vaccine as the first malaria vaccine to be used against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria in children residing in areas with moderate to high transmission. In July 2022, the WHO granted prequalification support for this vaccine. Over one million children living in African countries, mainly in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi, have gotten at least one dose of this groundbreaking malaria vaccine through programs coordinated by the WHO, as well as international and country-level partners. RTS,S is a significant initial step in the path to the production of other highly protective and multi-stage vaccines that may become part of malaria eradication programs in the near future. Several malariologists are working on the early clinical development or trial phases of first-generation and next-generation malaria vaccines, such as R21/Matrix-M, using mRNA technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"679-683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Indirect ELISA Test against Nucleoprotein of H9N2 Comparing With Hemagglutination Inhibition Test.","authors":"R Madani, M Hezarosi, F Golchinfar","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease caused by an RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family. The virus has the capacity to infect both birds and mammals. Avian influenza is an infection or a syndrome caused by type A influenza viruses. The reservoir of this disease is defined as aquatic and migratory birds, and there is a possibility of this disease occurring in any region. Influenza can be transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces. Some strains, such as the Asian H9N2 strain, have been observed to cause respiratory diseases in people in Asia. Therefore, this study aims to diagnose the disease in infected poultry with greater speed and ease by screening them with nucleoprotein of H9N2, thus preventing outbreaks. An indirect ELISA test was developed using the nucleoprotein of the H9N2 A/Chicken/Iran/259/2014 virus, with a molecular weight of 60 kilodaltons, which was separated from the virus by the electroelution method with the use of the monoclonal antibody against nucleoprotein serving as the standard. Subsequently, the results of the indirect ELISA test and the hemagglutination inhibition tests were compared using 300 serum samples from birds. The findings of this study illustrated the correlation between the indirect ELISA test and the hemagglutination inhibition test when analyzed together. A Spearman's correlation coefficient indicated that there was a significant and strong positive relationship between the two variables (ρ =0.901, p < .001, N = 300). The indirect ELISA test showed a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 92%. Since the disease with mild symptoms can make the diagnosis difficult, we need to control and quickly identify the avian influenza virus. Our indirect Elisa test could help detect a wide range of strains by utilizing a conserved antigen as well as being able to be used for screening more suspected samples in a time efficient manner as compared to the golden standard test, hemagglutination inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"889-896"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano emulsion Formulation of Noni Leaf Extract and Maggot Oil (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters.","authors":"M S Daulai, I Wijayanti, Y Retnani","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extensive use of antibiotic growth promoters leads to residues and bacterial resistance. Alternative herbal products from noni leaf extract (NLE) and maggot oil are needed that can improve poultry productivity and health. Secondary metabolites from NLE and fatty acid profile obtained from maggots that can be optimized in nano emulsion form. This study was aimed to characterize and determine the optimal formula of NLE and maggot oil (<i>Hermetia illucens</i>) in nano emulsion form as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). nano emulsion formulations were divided into three treatments with three replicates: F1 = 2.5 g/100 mL NLE and 12.5 g/100 mL maggot oil, F2 = 7.5 g/100 mL NLE and 7.5 g/100 mL maggot oil, and F3 = 12.5 g/100 mL NLE and 2.5 g/100 mL maggot oil. nano emulsion preparation was carried out by mixing all the components of the formula were homogenized by using homogenizer <i>ultra turrax</i> at 12500 rpm for 20 minutes. Particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, transmittance and solubility were calculated to evaluate the nano emulsion formulation. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the formulation of nano emulsion was optimized by using simplex lattice design. The results showed that NLE has the highest phytochemical is steroid. The formula had significant effect (P<0.05) on particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PI), and transmittance with F1 had the lowest particle size and PI and the highest transmittance compared to other formulas, while zeta potential was stable compared to standards. Nano emulsion formulation was optimized by using 2.125 g/100 mL NLE and 12.875 g/100 mL maggot oil. Nano emulsion that was physically stable was unable to inhibit <i>E. coli</i> as indicated by the diameter of the inhibition zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"741-748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Indigenous Latex Agglutination Assay based on Recombinant Pasteurella Lipoprotein E (rPlpE) As Antigen for Detection of Anti <i>Mannheimia Haemolytica</i> - IgG Antibodies.","authors":"N Karimi, M Tabatabaei, A Yektaseresht, Z Hemati","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mannheimia Haemolytica</i> (<i>M. haemolytica</i>) is an organism causing pneumonia in ruminants. <i>M. haemolytica</i> causes severe economic losses to the global livestock industry. Several diagnostic methods have been developed, including bacterial culture, bacterial DNA detection and serological assays. Diagnosis of <i>M. haemolytica</i> is based on the bacteriological methods such as isolation of the microorganisms from clinical samples. Available methods are time consuming and not easy to perform. Serological tests based on recombinant proteins may provide higher sensitivity and specificity than culture tests. There is a need for new diagnostic methods to detect <i>M. haemolytica</i> -specific antibodies. In this study, a latex agglutination test (LAT) was developed based on recombinant outer membrane pasteurella lipoprotein E (rPlpE) for detecting specific antibodies against <i>M. haemolytica</i>. Expressed recombinant PlpE was coated with latex particles for a latex agglutination test. The recombinant PlpE was able to detect anti-<i>M. haemolytica</i> IgG in positive sera, but showed no immunoreaction with <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> and negative samples. These results suggest that the rPlpE can be used to detect the specific anti <i>Mannheimia Haemolytica</i> - IgG Antibodies. Because the recombinant proteins can be produced efficiently and are inexpensively, their use in diagnostic kits such as LATs as reagents can reduce the cost of them. This rapid and specific anti <i>M. haemolytica</i> antibody detection method using recombinant proteins can save cost and be widely applied for efficient and practical detection of. <i>M. haemolytica</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"843-848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of <i>Leucas aspera</i> Leaf Extracts.","authors":"S Sungar, M M Toragall, M Abdul Mujeeb, S I Puranik, A A Akbar, R H Aladkatti, S C Ghagane","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinally, <i>Leucas aspera</i> has been confirmed to comprise broader pharmacological effectiveness viz., antioxidant, insecticide, antipyretic, chronic rheumatism, and cytotoxic activity etc. This plant is traditionally used in the treatment of common infections viz., sore eyes and nose, fever, cough, skin eruptions, cold, wounds and sore throat. In this study, we intended to screen the phytochemical constituents, evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory capacities of different solvent extracts of <i>Leucas aspera</i> leaves. <i>Leucas aspera</i> leaves were collected, shade dried, fine powdered and subjected to phytochemical extraction using methanol, ethanol, water and hydroalcohol. From the extracts, phenolic content was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent method followed by antimicrobial activity by Kirby-Bauer and Micro dilution assay with four different pathogenic bacteria. Later, anti-inflammatory activity was performed by various enzymatic assays. Phytochemical screening of <i>Leucas aspera</i> extract confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. The hydroalcoholic (MIC:12.5 µg/ml; MBC: 25µg/ml) and ethanolic (MIC:6.25 µg/ml; MBC:12.5 µg/ml) extracts presented effective and potent antimicrobial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutants</i>, and <i>Propionibacterium acne</i>. Among the <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory assays, hydroalcoholic extracts offered effective albumin denaturation (183.8±31.6µg/ml), heat induced hemolysis (213.4±22.3µg/ml) and considerable hypotonicity induced hemolysis (277.8±29.9µg/ml). The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and statistical interpretation was based on two- tailed tests at a <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 significance level. In this current study, it was observed that <i>Leucas aspera</i> holds a variety of valuable secondary metabolites, which includes strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, however further studies are necessary to assess its therapeutic use. Based on the existing experiments, corresponding results may set the foundation for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"761-768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of <i>Chlorophytum Borivilianum</i> extract against Doxorubicin- induced Myocardial Toxicity in Albino Rats: <i>Insilico</i> and <i>Invivo</i> studies.","authors":"S K Nimbal, K Nagashettikoppa, N M Jeedi, S B Patil, N Mali","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32592/ARI.2024.79.4.727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The doxorubicin, an anthracycline derivative, is a cytotoxic agent with proven efficacy in various malignancies. The clinical utility has been limited due to its dose -dependent cardiac toxicity. To evaluate the role of <i>Chlorophytum Borivilianum</i> L. on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats and to predict the role of <i>Chlorophytum Borivilianum</i> L. by <i>Insilico</i> and in vivo methods. Invitro studies were conducted on <i>Chlorophytum Borivilianum</i> L. Cardiotoxicity was produced by administration of doxorubicin (Dox-15 mg/kg ip. for two weeks). Ethanolic extract and fractions of <i>Chlorophytum Borivilianum</i> L. (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered as pretreatment for 15 days followed by Doxorubicin 2.5 mg/kg i.p. on alternate day for two weeks. The parameters like body weight, food and water consumption, cardiac specific markers like Creatine Kinase (CK-MB), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Cardiac Troponin-I (cTnl), ECG changes, antioxidant parameters like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were monitored. Histopathological studies of the heart were also performed to evaluate myocardial toxicity. Dox treatment results in cardiomyopathy characterised by elevated cardiac biomarkers and deficiency of antioxidant enzymes. By reducing the elevated levels of biomarker enzymes like LDH and CK-MB and the absence of cTnI, pretreatment with the EECB (500mg/kg) significantly protected the myocardium from the toxic effects of Dox. In addition, the EECB increased the reduced levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT while decreasing the elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cardiac tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 4","pages":"727-740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12004043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}