Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Protective Effects of <i>Nigella Sativa</i> Against Acrylamide-induced Toxicity in Submandibular Salivary Glands of Albino Rats.","authors":"Taghyan Salma Awad, Mahmoud Elham Fathy, Taha Rasha Mohamed, Shamel Mohamed","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3494","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acrylamide (AA) is a chemical compound that poses a major public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of <i>Nigella sativa</i> (NS) oil against AA- induced toxicity on the submandibular salivary glands (SMGs) of Albino rats.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Thirty male albino rats weighing 150-200 g were equally and randomly divided into some groups: Control group received normal saline vehicle daily via oral gavage for 30 days, AA group received 15 mg/kg body weight of AA dissolved in 0.2 mL saline solution daily via oral gavage for 30 days. NS group received 15 mg/kg body weight (bw) of AA combined with 1 mL/kg bw of NS oil daily via oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were euthanized, and SMGs were dissected for histological evaluation, including hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and immunohistochemistry for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as analysis for heme oxygenase-1 (<i>HO-1</i>) expression using realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The acinar and ductal cells of SMG of the AA group showed signs of degeneration and toxicity in the form of ill-defined outlines, pyknotic and crescent-shaped nuclei with different-sized cytoplasmic vacuolations. These changes were statistically significant with increased iNOS immunoexpression and <i>HO-1</i> gene expression (P<0.0001). Administration of NS alleviated the toxic effect, downregulating both iNOS and <i>HO-1</i> gene expression. The study revealed a significant cytotoxic effect of AA on SMGs of albino rats (P<0.05), presumably by the generation of oxidative stresses and mitochondrial dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NS effectively mitigated these toxic effects, suggesting its potential as a natural antioxidant.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1209-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> Infection in the Uterus of Cats.","authors":"Khordadmehr Monireh, Dokht Jabbari Niloofar, Nofouzi Katayoon, Esmaeili Saber, Soleimani Bentolhoda, Zehtab Najafi Moein","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3478","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Q fever, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, is an important zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. While ruminants are the main reservoir of <i>C. burnetii</i> and the primary source of human infection, human cases have also been reported following contact with domestic dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>The present study investigates <i>C. burnetii</i> infection in domestic cats referred to veterinary clinics and hospitals in the cities of Tabriz and Tehran (Iran) through molecular (real time polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and histopathological methods. For this purpose, samples were collected from 50 cat uteri that underwent hysterectomy surgery. Each sample was divided into two parts: One part was fixed in 10% formalin buffer for histopathological examination, while the other part was stored at -70 °C and used for quantitative PCR assay. After genomic DNA extraction using commercial kits, a real-time-PCR reaction was performed with specific primers and probes for detection of <i>C. burnetii</i> genome. For histopathological examination, tissue sections were processed routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, all samples showed negative results for the detection of <i>C. burnetii</i> genome by real-time PCR assay. However, in pathological evaluations, the tissue sections showed various degrees of edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis, fibrosis, cysts, and endometrial hyperplasia, ranging from mild to severe. Generally, it seems that <i>C. burnetii</i> infection is not common in reproductive tissues or vaginal discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, based on the present findings and considering the zoonotic aspect of <i>C. burnetii</i> infection, it appears that <i>C. burnetii</i> infection is not common in domestic cats in Tehran and Tabriz. However, further research on other samples is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1239-1246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-epitope HA Vaccine Confers Cross-protective Immunity to H5N8 and H9N2.","authors":"Bozorgkhoo Zahra, Hemmati Behzad, Taghizadeh Morteza, Tebianian Majid, Ghaderi Mostafa","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3564","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Avian influenza viruses, notably H5N8 (HPAI) and H9N2 (LPAI), threaten public health due to their zoonotic potential and genetic adaptability. These viruses circulate in poultry and can sometimes directly infect humans after contact with infected birds. Some existing vaccines have proven useful in controlling these infections. Traditional vaccines targeting the variable hemagglutinin (HA) head domains necessitate frequent updates. This study designs a chimeric HA (cHA H9/H5) vaccine targeting conserved epitopes from H5N8 and H9N2 HA proteins to elicit broad immunity.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>A multi-epitope construct, integrating B-cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes linked via stabilizing sequences (KK, AAY, GPGPG), was codon-optimized, expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3), and purified (>95% purity, 22 mg/L yield). Specific pathogen-free chickens (n=20/group) received two doses of cHA H9/H5 formulated with Alum or Freund's adjuvants, compared to commercial H5N8/H9N2 vaccines. Humoral responses were assessed via hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cHA H9/H5 vaccine induced robust HI titers against homologous H9N2 (log₂ GMT 10-12) and hetero-subtypic H5N8 (log₂ GMT 6-8), surpassing commercial vaccines. While H9N2 vaccines lacked cross-reactive H5N8 antibodies, cHA H9/H5 elicited neutralizing titers (20-80) against H5N8. Freund's adjuvant significantly enhanced immunogenicity, with sustained post-boost antibody levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the cHA H9/H5 vaccine's ability to overcome strain-specific limitations by targeting conserved epitopes, inducing cross-reactive immunity that is critical for pandemic preparedness. Adjuvant selection proved pivotal in optimizing responses, aligning with prior chimeric HA vaccine research. This study advances the development of universal influenza vaccines, offering a promising strategy to mitigate risks posed by evolving avian influenza variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1143-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematologic and Computed Tomography Features for Discriminating COVID-19 From Non-COVID-19 Pneumonia.","authors":"Poursamimi Javad, Saravani Soleyman, Hossein Beigi Roghayeh, Rashki Ghalenoo Sara, Ghafari Mehrangiz, Val-Izadeh Majid","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3389","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pulmonary infections are very similar. This study aimed to differentiate between these groups of patients by evaluating laboratory criteria and abnormalities in CT scans.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>The medical records of 200 patients referred to Amir Hospital in Zabol were analyzed between February 2020 to February 2021. Some of our findings in the COVID-19 group, compared to the non-COVID-19 group, included increase in red blood cell counts (RBCs), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean hematocrit (HCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The COVID-19 group had a lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 80 femtoliters (fL) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) below 36. The symptoms of pulmonary infection were mostly bilateral in the COVID-19 group, whereas in the non-COVID-19 group, they were predominantly unilateral. In total, 21.6% of patients had 5 to 10 lesions, while 24.7% of the non-COVID-19 group had fewer than 3 lesions. The COVID-19 group showed a distribution of both peripheral and diffuse lesions, whereas the non-COVID-19 group had a predominantly peripheral distribution. Linear opacity and ground-glass opacity (GGO) were observed in 10(6.2%) and 40(24.7%) individuals in the COVID-19 group, and in 13(8%) and 32(19.8) individuals in the non-COVID-19 group, respectively. Twenty-one (13%) COVID-19 patients and 16(9.9%) non-COVID-19 patients exhibited septal thickening. Moreover, fine reticular opacities, crazy paving patterns, and pleural effusion were observed in 6(3.7%), 19(11.7%), and 8(4.9%) of the COVID-19 patients, and in 20(12.3%), 24(14.8%), and 18(11.1%) of the non-COVID-19 patients, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Finally, this study concluded that laboratory indices such as MCV, and CT scan findings such as septal thickening are very beneficial for distinguishing between these two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1199-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Vitamin D on the Humoral Immune Response of Calves to the Sheeppox Virus Vaccine.","authors":"Mousavi Rad Seyed Ali, Haji Hajikolaei Mohammad Rahim, Nouri Mohammad, Seyfi Abad Shapouri Masoud Reza, Ebrahim Jam Mohammad Hassn, Ghorbanpour Masoud","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3611","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the efficacy of the vaccine is influenced by various factors, including vitamin D levels, studies in this field have yielded different results. Vaccination with the attenuated sheeppox virus vaccine (RM/65) remains a preventive strategy in countries where lumpy skin disease (LSD) is prevalent, but there is no evidence from experimental research on the effect of vitamin D on the immune response to this vaccine for the prevention of LSD.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Twenty calves were selected and divided into four groups. To ensure that calves had different baseline levels of vitamin D, they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to sunlight, while the other two groups were kept in the shade. Each of these groups was further divided into two treatment groups: One receiving vitamin D (cholecalciferol) injections and the other a control group. All groups received the attenuated sheeppox virus vaccine (RM/65), while only two groups received vitamin D simultaneously with the vaccine. Blood samples were collected from each calf weekly for six weeks. Sheeppox virus antibodies were measured according to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) protocol, with a neutralization index (NI) titer of ≥1.5 international units considered protective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in sheeppox virus antibody levels within individual groups after day 21 (P≤0.01). However, no significant differences were observed between the four groups beyond this time point. Consequently, antibody levels in the groups receiving vitamin D did not differ from those in the other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings are consistent with previous studies, indicating that vitamin D supplementation does not affect the efficacy of the vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1151-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression Analysis of BCL-2 in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma: The Powers and Limitations.","authors":"Jadali Zohreh","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3396","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1089-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Two Consecutive Genome Sequencing Results of <i>Enterococcus Faecium</i> Strain Entfacye.","authors":"Yazdanizad Maryam, Saboor Yaraghi Ali Akbar, Javdani Shahedin Golshid, Asadian Mahla, Mazaheri Nezhad Fard Ramin","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3339","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The overuse of antimicrobials in healthcare has driven the emergence, persistence, and rapid spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), mainly <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, have recently emerged as multi drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria worldwide. Consequently, enterococcal infections have become more challenging to treat due to their increased multiple-drug resistance. Studying the genome of an enterococcal isolate and investigating genome changes over time help researchers better understand the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>In the present study, <i>E. faecium</i> EntfacYE isolate from a human biological sample was assessed. After phenotypic, biochemical,and molecular verifications of the bacterial isolate, the bacterial genome was completely sequenced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, the EntfacYE genomic subsystems contained 23 various categories with 46 antimicrobial resistance genes. In the current study, 31 antimicrobial resistance genes were reported in the subsystems, and 15 genes had no subsystems. Genes conferring tetracycline resistance were reported in this study. Increases in the number and type of antimicrobial resistance genes were recorded, indicating that bacteria are becoming rapidly resistant to available antimicrobials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, the study of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria can be effective in better understanding resistance patterns and mechanisms, which can lead to find novel protocols for limiting spread of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1321-1330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study onPrevalence of Parasitic Infections Among Hepatitis C Virus Patients in Egypt.","authors":"Garas Maryam Samwel, Taha Hoda A, Aboueldahab Marwa M, Rahman Rafaat Z Abdel, Nigm Ahmed Hamdy","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3374","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a viral infection affecting 71 million people worldwide. A high prevalence of co-infection has been observed with parasitic infections, such as <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>, <i>Fasciola</i> sp., and <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, all of which can contribute to the progression of liver disease. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of co-parasitic infections with HCV-positive individuals within Egyptian populations and the resulting biochemical changes in liver and kidney biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of three hundred and thirty-seven blood samples were screened molecularly for HCV and immunologically for parasitic infections using PCR and ELISA, respectively. Liver functions were monitored by measuring serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate alanine aminotransferase (GPT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (T Bil), and alkaline phosphatase (ALK). Kidney functions were evaluated by measuring creatinine, uric acid, urea, sodium (Na), and potassium (K) levels. Patients were categorized by gender and age <21, 21-50, and >50 years. Results indicated that 120 out of 287 HCV-infected cases (41.8%) have <i>Schistosoma</i> infection, of which 57, 31, 24, and 8 cases were mono-infected and co-infected with <i>Fasciola</i>, <i>Toxoplasma</i>, and <i>Fasciola</i>/<i>Toxoplasma</i>, respectively Additionally, 99 patients (34.5%) were infected with <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> infection, of which 51 were mono-infected and 9 were co-infected with <i>Toxoplasma</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 87 patients (30.3%) tested positive for <i>T. gondii</i> infection, of which 46 cases were mono-infected. Additionally, the proportion of male patients with monoparasitic infection ranged from 78.2% (<i>Toxoplasma</i>) and 84.3% (<i>S. mansoni</i> or <i>F. hepatica</i>). On the other hand, the highest incidences of single infections among males (<i>Fasciola</i> and <i>Toxoplasma</i>) were over the age of 50 years for <i>Fasciola</i> (43.1%) and <i>Toxoplasma</i> (39.1%), respectively. In contrast, <i>S. mansoni</i> mono-infection was most prevalent (42.1%) among males aged 21-50 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Liver enzyme levels (GPT, GOT, Alk, and GGT) and kidney parameters (creatinine and urea) were significantly affected by the type (mono or mixed) and species of parasitic infections in HCV patients. Additionally, most serological parameters were significantly in cases of viral/parasitic co-infections, especially, among patients with high viral loads.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1331-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Using Zinc Phthalocyanine Against Multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in Burn Infections.","authors":"Kiyani Forouhe, Ghandehari Fereshte, Fatemi Mahnoosh, Rezaee Malahat, Ahadi Ali-Mohammad","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3485","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Due to the prevalence of MDR strains, alternative treatments such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) have received much attention. This technique is an innovative technology that utilizes photosensitizers and generates active oxygen species. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aPDT against multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> using a nanoemulsion containing zinc phthalocyanine (NE/ZnPc) in a burn wound model under both in in vitro and in vivo conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>Optimization of PDT conditions -across different drug concentrations, different incubation times, different doses of laser radiation -was performed in vitro, and then the anti-biofilm effects of the optimal concentration against clinical isolates of MDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were investigated. Under in vivo conditions, male rats were divided into seven groups: Control, burn wound group, bacterial-infected burn wound, infected burn wound with laser treatment, infected wound treated with laser and drug (optimal concentration), infected wound treated with drug alone, and infected wound treated with nanoemulsion alone. The area of the burn wound was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. Pieces of skin tissue were collected to perform histological studies and measure the expression of <i>EGFR</i> and <i>SOD1</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the results, the drug at a concentration of 40 µg/mL encapsulated in nanoemulsion, a laser dose of 13 J/cm², and the incubation time of 2 hours were selected as optimal conditions. Under these conditions, 80% biofilm inhibition was observed. According to the histological results, NE/ZnPc-mediated aPDT and laser radiation reduced the burn wound area, significantly accelerated the wound healing process, increased <i>EGFR</i> gene expression, and decreased <i>SOD1</i> gene expression to normal levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of NE/ClZnlPc-mediated aPDT against MDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, along with the increased expression of <i>EGFR</i> and <i>SOD1</i> levels in infected rat wounds, indicate that this treatment may be served as an alternative approach to eradicate MDR bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1247-1258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Urothelial Carcinoma in Situ of the Bladder in Local Dog in Bali, Indonesia.","authors":"Sewoyo Palagan Senopati, Nainggolan Willy Moris, Kardena I Made, Winaya Ida Bagus Oka, Gunawan I Wayan Nico Fajar, Dewi Ida Ayu Dian Kusuma","doi":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3808","DOIUrl":"10.32598/ARI.80.5.3808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urothelial carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of the urinary tract arising from the transitional epithelium. Its clinical manifestations often overlap with non-neoplastic conditions, such as urinary tract infections, thereby presenting a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Differentiating from others condition is important, as the treatment and prognoses vary significantly. This case report presented a 4-year-old female local dog, weighing 11.55 kg in BVC Animal Hospital with a primary complaint of hematuria. Clinical, hematological, and serum biochemical evaluations revealed no significant abnormalities. Ultrasonographic (USG) examination identified a hypoechoic mass measuring 0.31×0.85 cm located within the lumen and thickening of urinary bladder wall. Cytological assessment was performed via urine catheterization. The cytological specimen demonstrated a population of cells with anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, raising suspicion of a malignant tumor. Consequently, biopsy was performed via cystotomy to establish a definitive diagnosis. Prior to release the histopathological results, post-cystotomy the dog was treated with cefadroxil as antibiotics at 20 mg/kg BW b.i.d for 14 days, carprofen as anti-inflammatory at 2 mg/kg BW s.i.d. for 5 days, and tramadol as analgesics at 2 mg/kg BW b.i.d. for 5 days. Histopathological examination showed a non-encapsulated tumor with well-defined demarcation in the mucosa. The tumor consists of a dense population of epithelial tumor cells without evidence of invasion, confirmed the diagnosis of non-invasive, non-papillary urothelial carcinoma (in situ). The patient was managed palliatively with the administration of piroxicam at 0.3 mg/kg BW s.i.d as monotherapy. Until day 190, the dog showing a stable disease. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of canine urothelial carcinoma in Indonesi.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"80 5","pages":"1345-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}