Archives of Razi Institute最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among the General Population in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"R I Elyas, H A Abdulrahman, R S Ismaeel, I A Naqid, N R Hussein","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1241","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the global significance of vaccinations, particularly in the context of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, this study explores hitherto unexplored territory by examining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding the vaccines developed to combat the virus. However, following the availability of the vaccines for the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), there is a paucity of information regarding public awareness, attitudes, and behaviours towards the vaccines in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The research was conducted specifically in the Kurdistan Region of Duhok province, Iraq, and its aim is to provide valuable insights for informed decision-making, tailored public health interventions, and effective vaccination promotion in the region. A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between 1 October and 1 December 2022 included 759 participants aged between 18 and 75 years. The face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire that covered a range of topics, including sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the vaccines used for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The participants, with an average age of 32.95 years (standard deviation±12), were 52.3% male. Approximately 55% of the participants had a history of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 25.3% were employed, with 18.3% having chronic diseases. It is noteworthy that 99.60% of participants were aware of the existence of the vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and 68% of them considered it safe. Furthermore, 74.04% of respondents indicated that they strongly agreed with the importance of the vaccine. A substantial proportion (62.58%) held the view that the vaccine was effective in protecting against infection. It is noteworthy that 86.2% of individuals were aware of potential side effects, while 96.31% were informed about the multi-dose requirement for vaccination. The findings of this study indicate that there is a high level of awareness of the COVD-19 vaccine, with 99.60% of respondents reporting that they were aware of it. This highlights the importance of cautioning against the potential risks associated with the dissemination of unprofessional opinions on social media. Regional variations highlight the necessity for the implementation of bespoke communication strategies. It is of the utmost importance to identify the factors that contribute to hesitancy, particularly among healthcare personnel, in order to effectively promote vaccination. It is noteworthy that social media, despite its pervasive use, carries inherent risks due to the presence of unprofessional opinions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1241-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and factors associated with CCHF virus infection in cattle and sheep in Mopti region (Mali).","authors":"M A Diakite, L D Dahourou, A Diakite, F Dembele, C Dembele, J B Traore, C O Fomba, R Bada-Alambedji, H Yeganehpour, S Sidibe, N Moatamed","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1257","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic arboviral disease caused by a virus of Bunyaviridae family, genus <i>Orthonairovirus</i> and transmitted by tick bite. The virus causes subclinical infection in animals and severe viral hemorrhagic disease, with a fatality rate of 10-40% in humans.Between January and February 2020, eighteen human cases of CCHF including nine deaths, were recorded in the health district of the Mopti region in Mali. The present study carried out to determine CCHF seroposivity in cattle and sheep and to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies in cattle and sheep in the Mopti region. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a total of 200 cattle and sheep sampled in the localities of Konna and Mopti urban area. The double antigen sandwich ELISA technique allowed to establish a true overall seropositivity of 43.8% (95% CI: 36.9 - 50.6) including seropositivity of 40% (95 CI: 30.4-49.6) in Konna and 45.5% (95% CI: 35.2-54.8) in Sevare. According to species, seropositivity was 58.6% (95% CI: 48.3-67.7) in cattle and 27% (95% CI: 18.3-35.7) in sheep. Biostatistical analysis showed that cattle (OR=3.77; 95% CI: 2.07-6.87) were more likely to be seropositive compared than in sheep. This study demonstrates the circulation of virus in animals and the need to conduct joint actions according to the \"One Health\" approach for the control of this zoonosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1257-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Protoscolicidal Activity and Mechanisms of Action of <i>Taraxacum Officinale</i> Extract against Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces.","authors":"K Cheraghipour, P Shakib, A K Khalaf, M Zivdari, M Beiranvand, A Marzban, H Mahmoudvand","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1311","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease resulting from the presence of the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, a species of tapeworm. The surgical treatment of CE is typically indicated when the cysts are of considerable size and located in the heart or brain. A variety of chemical agents are employed during surgical procedures to mitigate complications, including hypertonic saline solution, cetrimide-C, and silver nitrate. The plant known as Taraxacum officinale has been employed for its medicinal properties since the 10th century, reflecting a longstanding tradition of therapeutic application. The objective of this study was to conduct a phytochemical screening, evaluate protoscolicidal activity, and investigate the mechanisms of action of T. officinale ethanolic extract (TOE) against hydatid cyst protoscoleces (PSCs). The metabolites of T. officinale were extracted using ethanol, and qualitative phytochemical analyses were conducted to detect the presence of total steroid glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, sterols, and terpenoids. A range of TOE concentrations (50-800 mg/mL) were prepared for the treatment of PSCs. The eosin exclusion experiment was conducted to assess the viability of the protoscoleces. PSCs were treated with TOE, and the Caspase 3-like activity assay kit was employed to quantify the degree of apoptosis induction. The TOE demonstrated the greatest efficacy at a concentration of 800 mg/ml, resulting in the complete eradication of PSCs within 60 minutes. The activity of the apoptotic enzyme caspase-3 was observed to be in the range of 11.4 to 35.7%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of PSCs treated with TOE for 60 minutes revealed deformities in the tegument and rostellum. The study offers valuable insights into the scolicidal properties of TOE. In light of the findings, it can be posited that TOE exerts a considerable lethal impact when employed against the protoscoleces of hydatid cysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1311-1317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast cancer - Clinicopathological profile at a Tertiary Cancer Center in India.","authors":"McS Babu, A Choudhary, L A Jacob, K N Lokesh, A H Rudresha, L K Rajeev, S Saldanha, T Begum","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1191","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The demographic characteristics of breast cancer patients from disparate geographical regions vary considerably. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to present the clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients at our center and to conduct a comparative analysis with the findings of other studies. This retrospective descriptive study, which included 816 patients registered in the two years between October 2021 and September 2023, was conducted in the Department of Medical Oncology at a government tertiary cancer care center in southern India. At the initial presentation, the median age was 49 years, with the majority of patients being postmenopausal. The most common presenting complaint was a breast lump, which was reported in 636 cases (77.9%). Additionally, 115 cases (14.09%) involved axillary edema. A family history of breast cancer was evident in 19.9% (162/816) of the patients. Of the patients, 594 (72.8%) exhibited hormone receptor positivity. Of the total number of cases, 202 (nearly 25%) were positive for HER2/neu by FISH or IHC. A total of 178 patients (21.9%) were diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The majority of patients (46.8%) presented at a late stage, classified as Stage III. In cases of stage IV disease, there was a greater prevalence of skeletal metastases (40.3%) compared to visceral metastases. The present study offers insight into the current state of breast cancer patients in Southern India. The majority of patients were postmenopausal. Additionally, there has been an observed increase in the number of patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors, accompanied by a higher prevalence of metastatic disease involving skeletal metastasis compared to other sites. It is imperative to enhance awareness about breast cancer, assuage apprehensions, and disseminate information about the significance of screening, prompt diagnosis, and treatment. Such studies provide a foundation for understanding the extent of the problem and facilitate the identification of potential solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1191-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Three Provinces of Iran: 2017-2018.","authors":"H Esmaeili, S M Joghataei","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1263","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), a highly contagious mycoplasmal disease, represents a significant threat to goat populations due to its rapid transmission. Despite the existence of CCPP cases in Iran, there has been a paucity of research conducted on this disease. To address this knowledge gap, the present cross-sectional study focused on the reporting and investigation of CCPP cases, along with the clinical signs and necropsy findings of this disease, in Tehran, Kermanshah, and Yazd provinces. An investigation was conducted into a CCPP outbreak affecting 4,400 goats on six breeding farms. The study encompassed both male and female goats of imported breeds, including Alpine (1,500), Saanen (1,700), and Murcia Granada (1,200), across a range of age groups. The clinical signs exhibited by the infected animals were meticulously observed and recorded, and comprehensive necropsy observations were documented. A variety of samples were obtained for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to confirm the presence of caprine pleuropneumonia virus (CPV), including nasal swabs (35), pleural fluid (65), and lung tissue (83). A total of 516 goats (11.7%) were diagnosed with CCPP, and among them, 287 goats (6.5%) unfortunately succumbed to the disease. The morbidity rates in Tehran, Kermanshah, and Yazd provinces were 11.7%, 12.7%, and 10.5%, respectively, while the corresponding mortality rates were 6.5%, 7.2%, and 5.7%. The principal clinical indications were fever (89%), anorexia (68%), nasal discharge (78%), dyspnoea (54%), painful coughing (96%), and grunting (84%). During necropsy examinations, the primary post-mortem signs observed were lung consolidation and hepatization (98.3%), the presence of extensive straw-coloured serous fluid and fibrinous exudate on the pleural surface (94%), alveolar cellular exudate (90.6%), and adhesion of lungs (46%). The clinical and necropsy findings were entirely consistent with a diagnosis of CCPP. Verification of the disease agent's existence was achieved in 183 cases (63.7%) based on the results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. It is evident that there is a paucity of clinical and well-documented studies on CCPP disease in Iran. However, the findings of this study contribute to the expansion of our knowledge of CCPP and serve to raise awareness of its presence among Iranian goats. It is strongly recommended that vaccination be included as an essential measure for the prevention of CCPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1263-1270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of <i>icaA</i> and <i>icaD</i> Genes Involved in Biofilm Formation in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates from Clinical Sources Using Reverse Transcriptase PCR.","authors":"M Armoon, E Babapour, R Mirnejad, M Babapour, M Taati Moghadam","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1329","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is recognized for its capacity to generate biofilms, which facilitate bacterial adhesion to diverse substrates and present a significant challenge to therapeutic intervention. The process of biofilm formation is dependent on the <i>icaABCD</i> operon, with the <i>icaA</i> and <i>icaD</i> genes playing a pivotal role in this intricate process. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of these genes in the biofilm formation of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates sourced from clinical settings. A total of 100 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were collected from clinical sources and subsequently subjected to DNA and RNA extraction using a commercial kit from Kiagen Co. To transcribe the RNA samples into cDNA, a commercial kit from Kiagen Co. was employed. The capacity to produce phenotypic and molecular biofilm formation was then measured using the microtiter plate method and PCR, respectively. The expression levels of the <i>icaA</i> and <i>icaD</i> genes were determined via RT-PCR (Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). The results indicated that 95% (95%) of the isolates were capable of producing biofilm, with 16 (16%) producing weak, 64 (64%) producing medium, and 15 (15%) producing strong biofilms. Furthermore, the <i>icaA</i> gene was detected in 72% of the isolates, while the <i>icaD</i> gene was detected in 58%. Of these isolates, 70 (97.2%) expressed the <i>icaA</i> gene, and 53 (73.6%) expressed the <i>icaD</i> gene. Conversely, four isolates (5.5%) that possessed the <i>icaA</i> gene but lacked the <i>icaD</i> gene did not form biofilm. One strain did not express either of the genes. The presence of either the <i>icaA</i> or <i>icaD</i> gene is crucial for the development of biofilm. However, further investigation is necessary to fully comprehend the intricacies of biofilm formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1329-1335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect of eradication of <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Infection in Controlling Blood Sugar in Diabetic Patients.","authors":"M A Fahad","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1235","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent chronic infections globally. It is hypothesised that diabetes mellitus increases the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection; however, the available data on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and the level of blood sugar control (HbA1C) in diabetics are limited and contradictory. The present study therefore aims to investigate the impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on the blood sugar control of diabetic patients. In this experimental study, 61 type II diabetic patients with or without dyspepsia symptoms, in whom Helicobacter pylori infection was proven by anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG serological method, were treated with four anti-Helicobacter pylori drug regimens (bismuth+ metronidazole) +tetracycline + omeprazole. The HbAlC level was quantified prior to the commencement of Helicobacter pylori infection treatment and two months following the conclusion of the infection treatment, following the confirmation of Helicobacter pylori infection eradication through urea breath test and the calculation of the mean HbAlC levels before and after the infection treatment. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and a paired Student's t-test. The results indicated that the average age of the subjects was 52.4±10.4 years, with 39 males (63.9%) and 22 females (36.1%) comprising the sample. The mean duration of diabetes at the time of diagnosis for the subjects in the study was 8.7±5.5 years. The results of this study demonstrate that Helicobacter pylori infection was successfully eradicated in all patients, as evidenced by the urea breath test (UBT). The mean HbAlC level prior to treatment was 8.6±1.2, while the mean HbAlC level following treatment was 7.9±1.2. This represents a statistically significant change (P<0.05). It was concluded that a positive relationship exists between the eradication effect of Helicobacter pylori and blood sugar control (reduction of HbAlC). However, further studies in diabetic patients are recommended to obtain more accurate results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1235-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Distribution Record of <i>Eirenis walteri</i> (Boettger, 1888) (Ophidia: Colubridae), in Yazd province, Central Iran.","authors":"M Zare Khormizi, M Jafari Najafabadi, A Tahouri, A Salemi","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1375","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eirenis is a species of snake belonging to the Colubridae family native to Iran. The species is characterised by a small size, with a maximum recorded body length of 90 cm. The snakes of this family are closely related to those of the genera Dolicophis and Hierophis. This is due to the fact that the snakes of these two species are of a considerable size. It can therefore be surmised that these genera share a common ancestor, and thus that pygmy snakes evolved from larger snakes. One of the species belonging to this family is Eirenis walteri (Boettger, 1888). The specimen was collected through field investigation and, following identification, was included in the list of snakes native to the Yazd province for the first time. In accordance with the findings of this study, the specimen in question has been included in the checklist of snakes in Yazd province. In light of the difficulties associated with mapping the distribution of the genus Eirenis in Iran, the inclusion of new reports of its species distribution can facilitate the creation of an accurate map of the genus's distribution. The distribution of Eirenis walteri encompasses eastern Iran. This study presents the first record of Eirenis walteri in the Bafaq Mountain Protected Area, Qatrum village (Bafaq city), Yazd province, Iran. Consequently, a distribution map of Eirenis walteri can be prepared using data collected through direct observation. An examination of the distribution and population of Eirenis walteri enables a distinction to be made between them. It is now evident that this taxon has a vast distribution in the central and eastern regions of Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1375-1380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Analysis of <i>Papillomavirus</i> (<i>PV</i>) and Its Implications in Cancer: Bridging the Gap between Human and Veterinary Medicine.","authors":"A Naseri, A Matoofi, M Mansouri Ramezani, L Kalantari, T Taherzadeh Amlashi, S Roudaki, M Mohammadian, A Omranzadeh","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1145","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The risk of cancer development posed by papillomavirus (PV) infections is significant, affecting both humans and domestic animals. This underscores the importance of understanding and addressing this viral threat. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), in enhancing the immune response against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor-related neoantigens, thereby facilitating their neutralization by the immune system. Furthermore, vaccines designed to enhance the immune response against PV-infected cells have yielded promising results, strengthening CD⁴⁺ and CD⁸⁺ T cell reactions and potentially impeding cancer progression. The oncoproteins E6 and E7, which are notably implicated in the development of malignancies, exert deleterious effects by disrupting tumor suppressor proteins and facilitating immune evasion and tumor proliferation, particularly in high-risk PV genotypes such as HPV-16 and HPV-18. Notwithstanding obstacles such as vaccine hesitancy and concerns regarding vaccine toxicity, PV vaccines have transformed disease prevention strategies, offering a promising avenue in the fight against PV-associated cancers. Advancements in precision medicine and immunotherapy offer promise in the management of advanced PV-related cancers. By identifying and exploiting specific molecular vulnerabilities, while simultaneously bolstering immune responses, these approaches may prove invaluable in combating this disease. This transformative approach has the potential to treat established cancers and prevent their recurrence and progression. Consequently, immunotherapies, therapeutic vaccines, and precision medicine have become the subject of considerable scientific interest due to their capacity to enhance the quality of life and outcomes for individuals afflicted with PV-related cancers. By harnessing the immune system's power and leveraging cutting-edge therapeutic modalities, researchers and clinicians are poised to reshape the landscape of cancer treatment, offering renewed hope and optimism for those affected by PV-associated malignancies. It is therefore imperative that innovative strategies be integrated into clinical practice in order to effectively combat the formidable challenge posed by PV-induced cancers. In conclusion, this review presents a promising direction for combating PV infections and associated malignancies, with the potential to transform the landscape of cancer treatment. By employing immunotherapies, therapeutic vaccines, and precision medicine, researchers and clinicians are positioned to make substantial advancements in the prevention and treatment of PV-related cancers, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1145-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Three Insect Growth Regulators on The Avian Malaria Vector-Culiseta longiareolata Larvae- Field Population.","authors":"B Merabti, I Djimaoui, I Lemsara, C Zemouli, M Boumaza, M L Ouakid","doi":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1305","DOIUrl":"10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of species within the Culicidae family are responsible for the transmission of pathogens to animals and humans. The study of these species and the fight against these natural enemies represent a significant area of concern for scientists in the present era. An inventory of Culicidae in the M'chouneche region (34° 56' 59.99\" N, 6° 00' 0.00\" E) (Biskra, southeastern Algeria) was conducted in various breeding sites between November 2022 and May 2023. Four species of Culicidae were identified: Culiseta longiareolata, Culex pipiens, Culex theileri, and Anopheles multicolor. To assess the efficacy of three insect growth regulators (Lufenuron, Teflubenzuron, and Spirotetramat) on the fourth larval stage of Cs. longiareolata, control tests were conducted under experimental conditions. Lufenuron demonstrated a markedly higher toxic effect, with a mortality rate of 57% (ranging from 0 to 100%), compared to Spirotetramat, which exhibited an average mortality rate of 37.71% (ranging from 0 to 80%), and Teflubenzuron, which showed an average mortality rate of 12.08% (ranging from 0 to 45%). The mortality rates demonstrated an increase from one concentration to the next over time. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between the two factors (time and concentration) and the mortality rates was found to be low at 30%. Individuals that were treated after reaching the adult stage exhibited a notable delay in their development. For concentrations of 20 mg/L and 40 mg/L, the delay duration was approximately two days ± 12 hours. In contrast, the third concentration (80 mg/l) resulted in a development delay of approximately three days±15 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":8311,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Razi Institute","volume":"79 6","pages":"1305-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}