Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Functional Roles of Five Cytochrome P450 Transcripts in the Susceptibility of the Yellow Fever Mosquito to Pyrethroids Revealed by RNAi Coupled With Insecticide Bioassay","authors":"Moustapha Soumalia Issa,&nbsp;Rachel Johnson,&nbsp;Yoonseong Park,&nbsp;Kun Yan Zhu","doi":"10.1002/arch.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated the possible roles of five cytochrome P450 transcripts in the susceptibility of both adults and larvae of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> to three pyrethroids using RNA interference (RNAi) coupled with insecticide bioassays. RNAi by feeding larvae with chitosan/dsRNA nanoparticles led to reductions of <i>CYP6AA5</i>, <i>CYP6AL1</i>, <i>CYP9J32</i>, <i>CYP4J16A</i>, and <i>CYP4J16B</i> transcripts by 38.7%, 46.0%, 46.52%, 44.0%, and 41.0%, respectively, and increased larval mortality by 46.0% to permethrin when <i>CYP9J32</i> was silenced and by 41.2% to cypermethrin when <i>CYP6AA5</i> was silenced. RNAi by injecting dsRNA in adults led to reductions of <i>CYP6AA5</i>, <i>CYP6AL1</i>, and <i>CY4J16A</i> transcripts by 77.9%, 80.0%, and 87.1% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), respectively, at 96 h and reduction of <i>CYP9J32</i> transcript by 46.5% at 24 h after injection. In contrast, <i>CYP4J16B</i> was repressed by 78.2% at 72 h after injection. Exposure of the adults injected with <i>CYP6AA5</i> dsRNA resulted in 1.5- to 2.0-fold increased susceptibility to cypermethrin as compared with the control. Homology modeling of CYP6AA5 followed by ligand docking showed that distances between the heme iron and the putative aromatic hydroxylation site were 9.2, 7.2, and 9.1 Å for permethrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin, respectively. For the aliphatic hydroxylation site, these distances were 5.3, 4.9, and 3.1 Å. These results supported that CYP6AA5 may be able to metabolize cypermethrin preferentially by aliphatic hydroxylation as indicated by the close interaction with the heme iron. Our study also suggests that the detoxification roles of cytochrome P450 genes in <i>A. aegypti</i> may vary according to the mosquito developmental stages, cytochrome P450 genes, and insecticides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Findings on the SNP18 Sequence and Its Functional Analysis in Hygienic Behavior of Apis mellifera","authors":"Mustafa Kibar,&nbsp;İnci Şahin Negiş,&nbsp;İbrahim Aytekin","doi":"10.1002/arch.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hygienic behavior (HB) is a crucial biological mechanism in honeybees that is associated with disease resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the SNP18 sequence and environmental factors on the HB of honey bees, using a total of 14 colonies and 148 bee samples from seven different bee breeds. Association analysis revealed that colonies with Italian hybrids (IH) or young queens statistically (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) exhibited high hygienic behavior (HHB). HB increased by 71.6% when the number of frames in the colony, representing colony power (CP), increased by one (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, novel mutations in the <i>Mly</i>I polymorphism of the SNP18 sequence were firstly found in <i>Apis mellifera</i>. In addition, the restriction fragments of the novel variants of the SNP18 HHB and SNP18 low hygienic behavior (LHB) lines were determined by sequencing. In this study, several important findings emerged: Due to one-base differences in the restriction fragment, this sequence could not be genotyped by RFLP. Honeybees could be homozygous (HHB or LHB) or heterozygous (HHB and LHB) for the SNP18. SNP18 sequence could be located in different regions of the chromosome and could only be determined by genome sequencing. Finally, since genotypes cannot be clearly determined, no specific allele or genotype can be recommended for HB selection in beekeeping. Therefore, additional research is required to assess discovered novel variants for genetic selection of HHB for ecological beekeeping, healthy products and sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutathione S-Transferase Contributes to the Resistance of Megalurothrips usitatus Against Lambda-Cyhalothrin by Strengthening Its Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms","authors":"Wenbo Dong,&nbsp;Chaozheng Wang,&nbsp;Xia Li,&nbsp;Tianbao Huang,&nbsp;Fen Li,&nbsp;Shaoying Wu","doi":"10.1002/arch.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The damage caused by <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i>, a common pest, has significantly affected the Chinese vegetable industry. The inappropriate application of chemical pesticides has caused <i>M. usitatus</i> to become highly resistant to conventional insecticides. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), known for its multifunctional properties, contributes to detoxification and antioxidation. It enhances insects' adaptability to pesticides by facilitating the elimination of lipid peroxidation products resulting from pyrethroid insecticides. This research employed RT-qPCR to identify GST genes that exhibited significant expression in response to lambda-cyhalothrin stress. It also quantified changes in antioxidant and apoptosis markers within the <i>M. usitatus</i> under lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. The functional significance of GST was validated by assessing alterations in the antioxidant defense system and resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin following the inhibition of GST activity. The study's outcomes indicated that <i>MuGSTs1</i> was markedly upregulated in response to lambda-cyhalothrin stress (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). The GST activity was effectively suppressed by the specific inhibitor, diethyl maleate, achieving an inhibition rate of 64.05%. Following the inhibition of GST, the overall antioxidant capacity was reduced by 3.1-fold compared with the control, and the <i>M. usitatus</i> exhibited a 7.91-fold increase in sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin. These findings confirm the pivotal role of GST in the oxidative stress response of the <i>M. usitatus</i> and their contribution to the development of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin through enhanced antioxidant defenses. This research offers valuable perspectives on the adaptive reactions of insects to chemical stressors, facilitating the management of resistance and the formulation of effective pest control strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function of PxGrp78 in the Reproduction of Plutella xylostella","authors":"Si-Yuan Gong,&nbsp;Can-Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Chen-Meng Xue,&nbsp;Xiao-Han Yang,&nbsp;Chao-Bin Xue","doi":"10.1002/arch.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78), a crucial molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, has been extensively investigated in vertebrates. However, its functional exploration in insects remains limited. This study cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of <i>Grp78</i> in <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.), which is 2583 bp long. The open reading frame (ORF) is 2004 bp in length and encodes a total of 667 amino acids, including three conserved characteristic sequences of the HSP70 family. <i>PxGrp78</i> is expressed in various developmental stages of <i>P. xylostella</i>, with the highest expression observed in third instar larvae and higher expression in female adults compared to male adults. The interference with <i>PxGrp78</i> in female adults was found to significantly reduce the quantity of egg laying and the hatching rate, as well as shorten the oviposition period and down-regulate the expression of the <i>PxVg</i> gene. These results suggested an important role for <i>PxGrp78</i> in the reproduction of <i>P. xylostella</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Fate of RNA Interference Molecules in the Green Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.","authors":"Arinder K Arora, David S Kang","doi":"10.1002/arch.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology for controlling insect pests of agriculture. This technology is mediated through the application of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), which are processed within the insect cells into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These molecules then target and reduce the expression of the insect-specific genes that can kill or reduce the performance of the pest. The application of these RNA biopesticides generally falls under two methods: foliar sprays and expression of RNAi constructs within transgenic plants. Here, we provide evidence supporting feasibility of using transgenic plants to deliver RNAi-based biopesticides against their aphid pests. Our findings suggest that, under the Cucumis melo galactinol synthase 1 promoter, the companion cells of transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants express dsRNAs but not siRNAs at detectable levels. Further, oral application of either siRNAs or dsRNAs is equally effective in reducing the expression of transcripts of the integral membrane protein aquaporin 1 in Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphids. We did not find any dsRNAs or siRNAs remaining in the insects or honeydew 48 h post-exposure, suggesting a low risk of contamination of these molecules beyond the target phloem-piercing insect pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 4","pages":"e70018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Warfare: The Plant Genome's Role in Fending Off Insect Invaders.","authors":"Aleena Alam, Sohail Abbas, Noman Waheed, Arzlan Abbas, Qin Weibo, Jingxuan Huang, Khalid Ali Khan, Hamed A Ghramh, Jamin Ali, Chen Ri Zhao","doi":"10.1002/arch.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plant defense against insects is multiple layers of interactions. They defend through direct defense and indirect defense. Direct defenses include both physical and chemical barriers that hinder insect growth, development, and reproduction. In contrast, indirect defenses do not affect insects directly but instead suppress them by releasing volatile compounds that attract the natural enemies of herbivores. Insects overcome plant defenses by deactivating biochemical defenses, suppressing defense signaling through effectors, and altering their behavior through chemical regulation. There is always a genetic war between plants and insects. In this genetic war, plant-insect co-evolution act as both weapons and messengers. Because plants always look for new strategies to avoid insects by developing adaptation. There are molecular processes that regulate the interaction between plants and insect. Here, we examine the genes and proteins involved in plant-insect interactions and explore how their discovery has shaped the current model of the plant genome's role. Plants detect damage-associated and herbivore-associated molecular patterns through receptors, which trigger early signaling pathways involving Ca²⁺, reactive oxygen species, and MAP kinases. The specific defense mechanisms are activated through gene signaling pathways, including phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and transcription factors. Expanding plant genome approaches to unexplored dimensions in fending off insects should be a future priority in order to develop management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 4","pages":"e70021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression Variations of Chloride Ion Channel Related Genes During Diapause Termination in Silkworm, Bombyx mori.","authors":"Feifei Chen, Guoxiang Qiu, Jingchen Sun, Huichao Yan, Shizhang Feng, Hanbo Li, Yangsheng Zhong, Mingke Han, Jiangrong Lin, Fareed Uddin Memon, Ling Tian, Wenchu Li","doi":"10.1002/arch.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Instant and refrigerated acid soaking are commonly used in cocoon production to prevent or break diapause, and provide developable silkworm eggs for sericulture, while their mechanisms have not been fully understood. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which hydrochloric acid (HCl) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) promotes embryonic development in silkworm Bombyx mori, focusing on the chloride ion (Cl^-) related gene expression profiles. Our results revealed that the HCl treatment of up to 6 min enhanced hatchability in freshly picked and cold-stored eggs, whereas a slight decrease in hatchability was observed in those treated with DMSO for 40 min. The genes encoding chloride ion channel proteins were cloned and transcriptionally analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR in B. mori 932 strain. Bioinformatics analysis showed that BmCLIC, BmGluCl, and Bmγ-Cl mainly clustered with Lepidopteran insect homologs, while there existed a relatively low conservation from B. mori to mammals. We further explored the mRNA levels of BmCLIC, BmGluCl, and Bmγ-Cl in different egg processing conditions and embryonic developmental stages following HCl or DMSO treatments. Our results revealed that the mRNA expression profiles of BmCLIC, BmGluCl, and Bmγ-Cl increased in 20 h post-egg oviposition and refrigerated eggs after acid soaking. Moreover, the relative expression level of BmCLIC and BmGluCl gene was the highest on the first day, and maximum relative expression level of Bmγ-Cl gene presented on the second day in diapause eggs after treatment, and then it showed diversity. The expression profiles of the candidate genes seem like the same trend of changes during the development of eggs treated with instant acid soaking or DMSO treatment. In general, in the production practice of soaking silkworm eggs with HCl or DMSO, Cl^- channel is likely to play an important subsidiary role to promot the relieving of diapause.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 4","pages":"e70019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Aralkylamine N-Acetyltransferase in the Response to Antioxidative Stress in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster Adults","authors":"Arnau Rodríguez-Illamola,&nbsp;Roman Sidorov,&nbsp;Radmila Čapková-Frydrychová,&nbsp;Dalibor Kodrík","doi":"10.1002/arch.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In multicellular organisms, the indole melatonin synthesized by aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANATI) serves as an antioxidant. To test this, sex-mixed 3-day-old mated fly adults <i>bw</i>^<i>1</i> and AANAT1 homozygous recessive loss-of-function mutant (<i>bw AANAT1</i>^<i>lo</i>) of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> were fed by a standard diet or by one containing paraquat (PQ, 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridilium dichloride hydrate) at a final concentration of 15.5 mM. Experiment lasted 8 h and began at 11 a.m. In <i>bw</i>^<i>1</i> flies the paraquat treatment resulted in a significant (evaluated by Student's <i>t</i>-tests) decrease of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and an increase the catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Meanwhile, in these flies, total Antioxidative capacity (TAC) was significantly curbed by the paraquat presence. Importantly, these changes were not observed in the AANAT1-mutants. Thus, melatonin seems to play an important defence role against the oxidative stress elicited by paraquat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Structure and Function of Intestinal Microorganisms in Silkworm Maggot Exorista sorbillans","authors":"Siyin Zhong,&nbsp;Zhe Jiang,&nbsp;Jiabao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiya Gu,&nbsp;Jing Wei,&nbsp;Bing Li,&nbsp;Fanchi Li","doi":"10.1002/arch.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insects have important symbiotic relationships with their intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota is involved in or influences various processes in insects such as development, metabolism, immunity, and reproduction. Currently, research on the intestinal microbiota of parasitic insects is still in its early stages. The tachinid parasitoid <i>Exorista sorbillans</i> is a dipteran parasitic insect, with the silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) being its main host. Silkworms parasitized by <i>E. sorbillans</i> can suffer from severe silkworm maggot disease, which also poses a serious threat to sericulture. In this study, the intestinal microbiota of larval <i>E. sorbillans</i> at three instar stages was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore the community composition of the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, using conventional culture methods, six cultivable strains were isolated and identified from the larval <i>E. sorbillans</i> on an antibiotic-free LB medium, and four cultivable strains were isolated and identified from the hemolymph of parasitized silkworms. This study investigated the <i>E. sorbillans</i> from the perspective of intestinal microbiota, elucidating the composition and structural characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of the tachinid parasitoid, and preliminarily discussing the functional roles of several major microorganisms, which helps to further clarify the potential mechanisms of interaction between the parasitoid and the silkworm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PGE2 Binding Affinity of Hemocyte Membrane Preparations of Manduca sexta and Identification of the Receptor-Associated G Proteins in Two Lepidopteran Species","authors":"Falguni Khan,&nbsp;Hasan Tunaz,&nbsp;Eric Haas,&nbsp;Yonggyun Kim,&nbsp;David Stanley","doi":"10.1002/arch.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) is an eicosanoid that mediates a range of physiological actions in vertebrates and invertebrates, including reproduction and immunity. The PGE₂ receptor was identified and functionally assessed in two lepidopteran insects, <i>Manduca sexta</i> and <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>. However, its binding affinity to the receptor has not been reported. The PGE₂ receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) although its corresponding G-protein is not identified. PGE₂ binding assays were performed with membrane preparations from hemocytes of <i>M. sexta</i> larvae. We recorded an optimal binding in 4 h reactions conducted at pH 7.5 with 12 nM tritium-labeled PGE₂. We found that hemocytes express a single population of PGE₂ binding sites with a high affinity (Kd = 35 pmol/mg protein), which are specific and saturable. The outcomes of experiments on the influence of purine nucleotides suggested these are functional GPCRs. A bioinformatics analysis led to a proposed trimeric G-protein in the <i>S. exigua</i> transcriptome, in which the Gα subunit is classified into five different types: Gα(o), Gα(q), Gα(s), Gα(12), and Gα(f). After confirming expressions of these five types in <i>S. exigua</i>, individual RNA interference (RNAi) treatments were applied to the larvae using gene-specific double-stranded RNAs. RNAi treatments specific to Gα(s) or Gα(12) gene expression significantly suppressed the cellular immune responses although the RNAi treatments specific to other three Gα components did not. While PGE₂ treatments led to elevated hemocyte cAMP or Ca²⁺ levels, the RNAi treatments specific to Gα(s) or Gα(12) genes led to significantly reduced second messenger levels under PGE_2, although the RNAi treatments specific to the other three Gα components did not. These results showed that the PGE₂ receptor has high PGE₂ affinity in the nanomolar range and binds G-proteins containing a Gα(s) or Gα(12) trimeric component in <i>S. exigua</i> and <i>M. sexta</i>, and likely, all lepidopteran insects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}