Background of Insect Metamorphosis: Numerous Functions of Ecdysteroid

IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Hideki Kawasaki
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Insect development is mainly controlled by juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysone, and their hemolymph titer determines the insect direction; larva, pupa, or adult. The mediators of them are Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), Broad-Complex (BR-C), and E93. They activate genes that characterize larval, pupal, and adult feature, which gives rise to the metamorphosis. Before individual ecdysis, these master factors activate target genes to produce larva, pupa, or adult. Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) from the brain activates prothoracic gland (PG), resulted in the ecdysis. Other factors that activate ecdysteroid production are reported. The produced ecdysteroid was observed early stages of the last larval instar of Bombyx mori, where the ecdysteroid titer is different from previous stage. Two stages are different in JH and ecdysone titer, and the interaction of the JH and ecdysone production determines their titer. Ecdysone brings about the prominent change, which needs many gene transcriptions and the interaction of ecdysone-responsive transcription factors (ERTFs). Their target genes are successively expressed, which brings about the metamorphosis. For the activation of genes, ecdysone gives rise to chromatin remodeling and histone modification. Ecdysone and other factors bring about cell division of the wing disc of the last larval instar; for the proliferation and differentiation, which gives rise to the growth and differentiation of the wing disc for the metamorphosis. In addition, hormone-responsive miRNAs work, several ERTFs function for one gene, and the suppressive TF function along with metamorphosis. Thus, several attractive things underly around the insect metamorphosis. We will be near the understanding of the metamorphosis through these things.

昆虫变态的背景:表皮甾体的多种功能
昆虫发育主要受幼虫激素(JH)和蜕皮激素(ecdysone)控制,它们的血淋巴滴度决定昆虫的方向;幼虫、蛹或成虫它们的介质分别是kr ppel同源物1 (Kr-h1)、Broad-Complex (BR-C)和E93。它们激活了表征幼虫、蛹和成虫特征的基因,从而导致了变态。在个体蜕皮之前,这些主要因子激活目标基因产生幼虫、蛹或成虫。来自大脑的促胸激素(pth)激活前胸腺(PG),导致内分泌。其他因素激活外甾体的生产也有报道。家蚕末龄幼虫早期产生的表皮甾体,其滴度与前期不同。两个阶段的JH和蜕皮激素滴度不同,JH和蜕皮激素产生的相互作用决定了它们的滴度。蜕皮激素引起的显著变化需要许多基因的转录和蜕皮激素应答转录因子(Ecdysone -responsive transcription factors, ERTFs)的相互作用。它们的靶基因相继表达,从而导致变异。对于基因的激活,蜕皮激素引起染色质重塑和组蛋白修饰。蜕皮素等因素导致末龄幼虫翅盘细胞分裂;为增殖和分化,从而引起翅盘的生长和分化为变态。此外,激素反应性mirna起作用,多个ertf对一个基因起作用,抑制性TF与变态一起起作用。于是,下面几个吸引人的东西围绕着昆虫蜕变。我们将通过这些东西来接近变态的认识。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.50%
发文量
115
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology is an international journal that publishes articles in English that are of interest to insect biochemists and physiologists. Generally these articles will be in, or related to, one of the following subject areas: Behavior, Bioinformatics, Carbohydrates, Cell Line Development, Cell Signalling, Development, Drug Discovery, Endocrinology, Enzymes, Lipids, Molecular Biology, Neurobiology, Nucleic Acids, Nutrition, Peptides, Pharmacology, Pollinators, Proteins, Toxicology. Archives will publish only original articles. Articles that are confirmatory in nature or deal with analytical methods previously described will not be accepted.
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