Archives of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of PAR and UV radiation on diurnal photosynthesis performance, pigment composition, and antioxidant function of the hot-spring cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain VKB02","authors":"Megha Jaiswal,&nbsp;Nasreen Amin,&nbsp;Vinod K. Kannaujiya","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04338-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04338-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Diurnal oscillations are 24 h clock, that synchronize organisms biological functions based on the daily environmental fluctuation. Continuous increase in ultraviolet radiation have been shown to affect the biological clock of cyanobacteria. The present investigation deals with the 12/12 h of light/dark effects of PAR and PAB (PAR + UVA + UVB) irradiations on ecophysiology and defense management of a hot-spring cyanobacterium <i>Nostoc</i> sp. strain VKB02. The alternative L/D exposure of PAR showed increase in growth and pigment compositions. However, PAB radiation has significantly decreased within the same parameters after the L1 phase except for carotenoid and APC, while PE and PC recovered till the D2 phase corresponding to the counter light phase. The pigments destruction also resulted in Chl <i>a</i> fluorescence (F_v/F_m, F_v׳/F_m׳, Y(II), rETR) emission decline. In addition, PAB exposure accelerated free radicals generation with induced protein oxidation (RCG) and antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) as counteract defense during the light phase. The overall circadian regime facilitated the resynthesis fate of pigment-protein complexes and the mitigation of the high level of ROS production. This result suggests the unique survival strategy of the hot-spring cyanobacterium against ultraviolet radiation in a diurnal manner. This study also offers a deep understanding of the diurnal eco-physiological and biochemical responses of the cyanobacterium for the advancement in sustainable agricultural production with lower input in variable climate.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic fungi of Cynodon dactylon: a treasure trove of bioactive compounds","authors":"R. Nischitha,&nbsp;Sanjay K. Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04296-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04296-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (L.) Pers., commonly known as Bermuda grass, is a medicinally significant plant recognized for its diverse pharmacological properties. Recent research highlights that its association with endophytic fungi contributes to the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites with immense therapeutic and agricultural potential. These fungal endophytes produce a wide spectrum of bioactive compounds, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, immunosuppressive, and plant growth-promoting agents, positioning them as valuable resources for drug discovery and sustainable biotechnological applications. Despite their vast potential, the biodiversity, metabolic pathways, and functional significance of endophytic fungi in <i>C. dactylon</i> remain underexplored. This review consolidates the current knowledge on the isolation, identification, and characterization of endophytic fungi from <i>C. dactylon</i>, emphasizing their bioactive metabolites and pharmacological significance. Furthermore, it explores their biotechnological applications and the future scope of utilizing these fungi in pharmaceutical and agricultural advancements. Understanding the metabolic potential of these fungal endophytes can open new avenues for harnessing novel bioactive compounds, contributing to the development of innovative therapeutics and eco-friendly agricultural solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm: treatment strategies to combat infection","authors":"Rashmi Ramesh,&nbsp;N. D. Rekha,&nbsp;Shubha Gopal","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04346-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04346-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is an opportunistic human pathogenic bacterium that is a common cause of both acute and chronic infections. Multidrug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> poses a significant challenge to antibiotics and therapeutic approaches due to its pathogenicity, virulence, and biofilm-forming ability mediated by quorum sensing. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms is essential for developing potential drug targets. In this regard, strategies aimed at combating the targeted inhibition of virulence, quorum sensing pathways, secretion systems, biofilm-associated two-component systems, and signalling system regulators (such as c-di-GMP) associated with biofilm formation are critical. Several new antimicrobial agents have been developed using these strategies, including antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, nanoantibiotics, photodynamics, and natural products, which are considered promising therapeutic tools. In this review, we address the concept of biofilms, their regulation, and recent treatment strategies to target <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, a clinically significant pathogen known for biofilm formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic insights into methanol utilization in Pichia pastoris lacking AOX genes under co-feeding conditions","authors":"Xueyun Zheng,&nbsp;Zhifang Ye,&nbsp;Jiao Gao,&nbsp;Yuechuo Hao,&nbsp;Cheng Li,&nbsp;Hongsen Xie,&nbsp;Ying Lin,&nbsp;Shuli Liang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04339-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04339-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The methylotrophic yeast <i>Pichia pastoris</i> (<i>P. pastoris</i>) exhibits remarkable capability for methanol-driven protein biosynthesis, positioning it as an attractive platform for carbon-neutral biomanufacturing utilizing methanol as a renewable feedstock. However, challenges arising from methanol metabolism, particularly the accumulation of toxic formaldehyde intermediates, significantly hinder efficient methanol biotransformation. To address this limitation, we implemented a metabolic engineering strategy involving dual knockout of alcohol oxidase genes (<i>aox1</i> and <i>aox2</i>) combined with glycerol co-substrate supplementation. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model heterologous product, we demonstrated that the ΔAOX1/2 strain achieved superior protein productivity in glycerol-methanol co-feeding cultures. Under optimized conditions (0.5% methanol + 0.4% glycerol), the engineered strain attained a biomass density of 38.5 (OD₆₀₀) and EGFP fluorescence intensity of 494,723 units, representing improvements of 32.8% and 53.6%, respectively, compared to the wild-type (WT) strain cultivated with 1% methanol alone. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the observed enhancement in protein synthesis originated from optimized methanol utilization through coordinated upregulation of both assimilatory and dissimilatory metabolic modules. This study demonstrates that alcohol oxidase suppression coupled with glycerol co-metabolism constitutes an effective strategy to alleviate methanol-derived metabolic stress while enhancing heterologous protein yields in <i>P. pastoris</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of CYP450 in Ganoderma lucidum and expression analysis of genes related to ganoderic acid synthesis","authors":"Xiaolu Li,&nbsp;Dong Liu,&nbsp;Bangxing Han,&nbsp;Shiping Huang,&nbsp;Hui Deng","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04344-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04344-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The biosynthesis mechanism of ganoderic acid, a class of secondary metabolites of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>, is currently unknown. Members of <i>G. lucidum</i>’s <i>CYP450</i> gene family were found in this study by genome-wide analysis. Determination of ganoderic acid content in Jilin, Zhejiang, Jinzhai, Fujian, Yunnan and Shandong regions was performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Expression of <i>CYP450</i> gene of <i>G. lucidum</i> from Jilin, Jinzhai and Shandong origins was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The findings indicated that, through comprehensive sequence analysis and functional annotation, 189 <i>CYP450</i> genes were detected in the <i>G. lucidum</i> genome, among which 34 <i>CYP450</i> genes were significantly differentially expressed in transcriptome analysis, and the gene expression was positively correlated with ganoderic acid content. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the conserved motifs, structural features, and subcellular localization of 189 <i>CYP</i> genes, revealing significant differences in gene structure and protein motif composition among <i>GlCYP450</i> family members. Subcellular localization revealed that they are located in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, extracellular space, and cytoskeleton, suggesting that they have multiple functions. A number of cis-regulatory elements associated with stress responses and phytohormones were identified in the promoter regions of these genes. It demonstrates that ganoderic acid production has been significantly controlled by these <i>P450</i> genes. These findings offer a crucial theoretical foundation for a thorough comprehension of the process of ganoderic acid production, the bioinformatics role of <i>CYP450</i> genes in <i>G. lucidum</i>, and the selection and breeding of superior <i>G. lucidum</i> resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf transcriptomic responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses exerting growth depressions in tomato","authors":"Fengwei Diao,&nbsp;Ke Liu,&nbsp;Wenjing Wu,&nbsp;Jing Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04343-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04343-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play important roles in sustainable agriculture, given that they provide multiple benefits for numerous crops. Conversely, negative plant growth effects induced by AM fungi are also occasionally observed. However, little information is available regarding the responses of symbiosis. In this study, compared with an absence of AM fungus inoculation, tomato seedlings inoculated with <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> or <i>Rhizophagus intraradices</i> were characterized by reduced shoot and root growth. The two AM fungi decreased the carbon contents and the carbon-nitrogen ratios in shoots. To gain further insights into the underlying mechanisms, transcriptomic analyses were performed in the study. A total of 190 and 870 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the <i>F. mosseae</i> vs. control and <i>R. intraradices</i> vs. control comparisons, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis of the former 190 DEGs revealed significant enrichment of the “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,” “Flavonoid biosynthesis,” “Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis,” and “Stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis” pathways, whereas “DNA replication,” “Photosynthesis - antenna proteins,” “Cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis,” “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,” and “Glycerophospholipid metabolism” were identified as pathways significantly enriched with the latter 870 DEGs. GO functional analysis revealed that among both groups of DEGs, large numbers of genes were assigned the “Response to stimulus” term. Moreover, many of the enriched terms were associated with stimulus and stress response processes, including response to salt stress, heat, and reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the findings indicated that AM fungi may trigger defense-related responses in hosts, even though the symbioses performed growth depressions. These findings will contribute to advancing our current understanding of AM fungi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and functional analysis of a putative pyocin S9, with endonuclease activity from P. chlororaphis subsp aurantiaca PB-St2","authors":"Maryam Zareen,&nbsp;Deeba Noreen Baig,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Zabish Khaliq,&nbsp;Kausar Abdulla Malik,&nbsp;Andreas Bechthold,&nbsp;Samina Mehnaz","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04345-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04345-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyocins are bacteriocins which are explicitly associated with pseudomonads. In this study, the genome mining and in-depth sequence analysis identified three similar S9-like (a, b, and c), an S3-like (d) and one R-type pyocin systems from <i>P. chlororaphis</i> subsp <i>aurantiaca</i> PB-St2. The phenotypic screening of bacteriocin production by PB-St2 indicated narrow-spectrum bactericidal activity against closely related <i>Pseudomonas</i> species i.e., <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAi, PAc1, PAc3, PAc4; <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> Psi-RS1 and <i>Pseudomonas kilonensis</i> OSRS3. Herein, the proposed pyocin S9c was further selected for molecular and functional characterization. The presumptive N-terminal receptor binding domain of candidate system lacks significant similarity with any characterized HNH-type pyocin S DN<i>ases</i> from <i>P. aeruginosa.</i> In contrast, the cytotoxic domain showed 53% sequence similarity with pyocin S8 and 70% to pyocin S9. Thus, pyocin S9c was suggested as an isoform under the Class I DN<i>ase</i> (H-N-H) family in pyocin S9 cluster, commonly found in <i>P. chlororaphis</i> subsp. <i>aurantiaca</i> and <i>P. chlororaphis</i> subsp <i>aureofaciens</i> strains. Molecular screening of the pyocin S9c system revealed its presence in 6 out of 7 tested strains of <i>P. chlororaphis</i> subsp. <i>aurantiaca</i> GS1, GS3, GS4, GS6, ARS38, FS2 and one <i>P. chlororaphis</i> RP4 relative strains, isolated from diverse plant hosts. The 1.59 kb fragment consisting of two structural genes of pyocin-immunity operon (S9c) in <i>P. aurantiaca</i> PB-St2 were cloned in <i>pET28a</i>(+) and expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21 DE3 (pLysS) strain as a fusion protein with histidine tag. The recombinant cytotoxic protein of pyocin S9c operon was purified with N-term His-tag with a molecular weight of ≈ 50 kDa. The identity of target protein was affirmed by tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The purified cytotoxic protein was active against <i>P. chlororaphis</i> subsp. <i>aurantiaca</i> GS7, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 µg/ml. The mechanism of cytotoxicity was affirmed as a metal-dependent endonuclease by evidence of non-specific hydrolysis of pTZ57R plasmid isoforms. These results indicate that pyocin S9c can contribute to the rhizo-competence of this strain in plant-associated natural habitats, occupied by related <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of natural plastisphere community and zooplankton to microplastic pollution: a review on novel remediation strategies","authors":"Malayaj Rai,&nbsp;Raunak Dhanker,&nbsp;Nidhi Sharma,&nbsp; Kamakshi,&nbsp;Shashank S. Kamble,&nbsp;Archana Tiwari,&nbsp;Zhi-Yan Du,&nbsp;Heba I. Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04334-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04334-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MP) in different environments has been well documented. Microplastic contamination has rapidly become a serious environmental issue, threatening marine ecosystems and human health. MP has been reported to accumulate organic pollutants associated with various microbial communities. The MP hazard is specifically serious in urban lakes, near-shore beaches, and benthic sediments. To prevent the further spread of MP and mitigate the increasing level of MP contamination, along with its associated environmental and economic concerns, it is essential to address mitigation strategies and their negative impacts. Contributed by low degradability, hydrophobicity, and sorption potential, the plastic surface acts as an important substrate colonized by several microorganisms known as the plastisphere community. Adaptive responses of the plastisphere community, MP ingestion, and surface modifications by the zooplankton provide insight into novel remediation strategies based on integrated natural community-level approaches. Zooplankton studies are extensive and encompass assessments of their abundance, biomass, distribution, and DNA meta-barcoding. Additionally, zooplankton has been utilized as an indicator in various freshwater environmental policies. Overall, employing zooplankton as an indicator in environmental policies is a vital tool for assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems and can assist in guiding management and conservation efforts. This review summarizes (i) the current literature on the estimation of MP distribution in aquatic environments, (ii) the effects of MP accumulation on the environment and its inhabitants, i.e., the interactions with marine microbiota,, (iii) addresses the bioremediation strategies with an emphasis on microbial degradation, ecological functioning and adaptive responses of marine microbes and finally, (iv) the directions of further research aiming to in situ mitigation of MP pollution. Recent advancements have focused on innovative methods such as membrane bioreactors, synthetic biology, organosilane-based techniques, biofilm-mediated remediation, and nanomaterial-enabled strategies. Nano-enabled technologies show substantial potential to enhance microplastic removal efficiency. Further investigation is necessary to develop advanced treatment technologies that can enhance the removal efficiency of microplastics (MPs) in drinking water. Additionally, more research is needed to understand the toxic impacts of MPs on marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, and other important habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced recombinant xylanase B expression in Komagataella phaffii through metabolic engineering of methanol utilization","authors":"Aibo Feng,&nbsp;Taiyu Liu,&nbsp;Wenjie Cong,&nbsp;Hualan Zhou,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04333-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04333-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Aspergillus niger</i> ATCC 1015 xylanase B is an important enzyme in food industry and agricultural lignocellulose utilization. Heterologous expression of xylanase B by microbial chassis cells attracted a lot of attentions, especially <i>Komagataella phaffii</i>. Co-expressing enzymes involved in methanol metabolism and cofactor recycling by recombinant <i>K. phaffii</i> increased recombinant xylanase B expression efficiently in this study. Firstly <i>K. phaffii</i> formaldehyde dehydrogenase (Fld) was co-expressed to promote formaldehyde dissimilation. Furtherly, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADH kinase Pos5 promoting NADPH production and <i>K. phaffii</i> 2-oxoglutarate transporter (Odc1) involving in the regeneration of mitochondrial NAD + were co-expressed to maintain the NAD + /NADH balance by converting 2-oxoglutarate to malate. The volumetric productivity and specific productivity of xylanase B were 26.22 U/(mL·h) and 8.27 U/(g·h), which were 93.2% increment of volumetric productivity and 101.8% increment of specific productivity respectively. Furtherly, increasing the utilization of methanol allows more carbon flow to the metabolic pathway, thus increasing the production of recombinant proteins. Fld, Pos5, and Odc1 co-expression enhanced methanol consumption by 10%, without retardation of specific growth rate, provided an engineered <i>K. phaffii</i> to express recombinant xylanase B expression significantly. In this study, the multi-enzyme co-expression strategy provided the expression level of recombinant protein increment effectively for food and agricultural industry.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic pathogenesis: exploring biofilms, efflux pumps and secretion systems in Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Praisy Joy Bell I,&nbsp;Rajiniraja Muniyan","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04336-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04336-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis, particularly among ESKAPE pathogens: <i>Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Enterobacter</i> species. Among them, <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> are major contributors to nosocomial infections, with high prevalence in intensive care units and immunocompromised patients. Their ability to resist multiple antibiotic classes complicates treatment strategies, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Key resistance mechanisms, including biofilm formation, efflux pump activity, and horizontal gene transfer, enhance their survival and persistence. Furthermore, interactions during polymicrobial infections intensify disease severity through synergistic effects that promote both virulence and resistance. The epidemiological burden of these pathogens highlights the urgent need for novel antimicrobial strategies and targeted interventions. This review explores their virulence factors, resistance mechanisms, pathogenic interactions, and clinical implications, emphasizing the necessity of innovative therapeutic approaches to combat their growing threat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}