Archives of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Detection of drug resistance mutations and spoligotype mapping in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using deeplex sequencing, including novel and uncharacterized spoligotypes","authors":"Andrea Michel Tovar-Nieto,&nbsp;Bruno Rivas-Santiago,&nbsp;Juan Valentin Trujillo-Paez,&nbsp;Jesús Núñez-Contreras,&nbsp;Oscar E. Gonzalez-Muñiz,&nbsp;Irma E. Gonzalez-Curiel,&nbsp;Jaime E. Huerta-Elias,&nbsp;Samuel Sevilla-Fuentes,&nbsp;Juan Ernesto López-Ramos,&nbsp;Adrián Rodríguez-Carlos","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04931-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04931-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most significant infectious diseases globally, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries, including Mexico. Its persistence is driven, among other factors, by the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the complex genetic diversity of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M.tb</i>). Accurate identification and molecular characterization of circulating strains are essential for understanding transmission dynamics and guiding public health interventions. In this study, we employed Deeplex Myc-TB to analyze 143 samples from Mexico of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex</i> (MTBC), a targeted deep sequencing assay, to perform comprehensive detection of drug resistance-associated mutations and detailed spoligotype profiling in Mtb isolates. Herein, we report the distribution of known and novel spoligofamilies, including previously uncharacterized patterns not found in existing in Deeplex Myc-TB databases. Additionally, we identified several mutations linked to resistance against first- and second-line drugs. This providing insight into the local epidemiology of drug-resistant (DR-TB).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis lacking CtpF and MmpL7 transporters exhibits altered microbiological traits associated with virulence determinants","authors":"Sergio Ricaurte-Ruiz,&nbsp;Alver Cruz-Cacais,&nbsp;Vanessa Vásquez-Godoy,&nbsp;Milena Maya-Hoyos,&nbsp;Carlos Y. Soto","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04921-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04921-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem, emphasizing the necessity of identifying attenuation targets in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) for the development of novel control strategies. In this context, plasma membrane transporters are critical determinants of <i>Mtb</i> virulence, including CtpF, a Ca²⁺ P-type ATPase, and MmpL7, a translocator of phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM). In this study, we characterized in vitro the microbiological features of the <i>Mtb</i>H37RvΔ<i>ctpF</i> and <i>Mtb</i>H37RvΔ<i>mmpL7</i> strains. Both mutants displayed reduced colony roughness and hydrophobicity compared to <i>Mtb</i>H37Rv, suggesting alterations in the composition of cell wall lipids. Chromatographic analyses confirmed changes in the lipid profiles; <i>Mtb</i>H37RvΔ<i>ctpF</i> exhibited altered phosphatidylinositol mannosides and trehalose dimycolates profiles, whereas <i>Mtb</i>H37RvΔ<i>mmpL7</i> showed accumulated PDIM intracellularly. Moreover, transcriptional analyses revealed the downregulation of PDIM biosynthesis and transport genes in both mutants. However, both strains retained the ability to secrete early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10), indicating that their immunostimulatory potential was preserved. These findings provide in vitro evidence that deletions of <i>ctpF</i> and <i>mmpL7</i> alter envelope-associated traits commonly linked to mycobacterial virulence.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00203-026-04921-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archidendron clypearia extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice and modulates gut microbiota composition","authors":"Chenxia Xia,&nbsp;Haibo Xiao,&nbsp;Jie Long,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Jianguo Zeng,&nbsp;Peng Huang,&nbsp;Hongqi Xie","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04937-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04937-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Archidendron clypearia</i> is an important traditional Chinese medicinal herb in southern China. Related studies have shown that <i>Archidendron clypearia</i> is rich in bioactive components such as flavonoids and organic phenolic acids, which possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It can clear heat and detoxify, cool the blood and reduce swelling, eliminate dampness, and promote wound healing. Currently, practical research on the use of <i>Archidendron clypearia</i> in animal husbandry production is relatively limited. Both preventive and therapeutic intervention models were employed. Forty male ICR mice were used in the preventive model, and forty-eight mice in the therapeutic model including a 5-ASA positive control group (200 mg/kg). After colitis induction with 3% Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), preventive or therapeutic <i>Archidendron clypearia</i> extract (ACE)was administrated at 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day. Metabolomic analysis confirmed flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids as major constituents of ACE. ACE treatment, particularly at 150 and 300 mg/kg, significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colonic pathological damage. 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that ACE intervention increased the α-diversity indices of the gut microbiota and shifted its overall structure (β-diversity). Notably, it promoted the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, including <i>Lactobacillus.</i> ACE alleviates DSS-induced colitis and concurrently modulates gut microbiota, suggesting an association between the colitis amelioration and beneficial microbial shifts. This supports further study of ACE for intestinal health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusaricidins producing Paenibacillus: a potential biocontrol agent against plant pathogens","authors":"Duhitha Yedem,&nbsp;Anand Theerthagiri,&nbsp;Senthilraja Govindasamy,&nbsp;Vellaikumar Sampathrajan,&nbsp;Paranidharan Vaikuntavasan,&nbsp;Umarani Ranganathan","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04927-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04927-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytopathogens are responsible for substantial yield losses in global agriculture. Significant use of chemical fungicides for controlling these pathogens often poses a threat to the environment. Thus, the application of fusaricidin-producing <i>Paenibacillus</i> offers a promising and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical control strategies. Fusaricidins possess a hexapeptide core linked to a consistent 15-guanidino-3-hydroxypentadecanoic acid tail, which is instrumental in membrane disruption and the eradication of a broad spectrum of pathogens. Recent genomic mining studies have identified the <i>fusGFEDCBA</i> gene cluster and elucidated the pivotal role of the KinB-Spo0A-AbrB signaling cascade in integrating environmental stimuli with the developmental regulation of fusaricidin biosynthesis. Beyond their direct antimicrobial effects, fusaricidins function as plant-defense elicitors, primarily activating systemic responses through salicylic acid (SA)-dependent pathways. In vitro, greenhouse, and field trials have demonstrated significant disease suppression and plant growth promotion across various crops. However, variability in field performance, challenges in formulation, and limited understanding of in-field stability and ecological interactions present significant barriers to commercialization. Through integrated molecular and applied research, these limitations and future directions are being addressed. Collectively, these insights position fusaricidins as promising candidates for sustainable plant disease management in agriculture. This review concentrates on the current understanding of fusaricidins, encompassing their chemical diversity, biosynthetic gene architecture, regulatory networks, mechanisms of antimicrobial action, and advancements toward field-level application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression and process optimization for enhancing L-alanine production in E. coli BL21 (DE3)","authors":"Anshula Sharma,&nbsp;Balvir Kumar,&nbsp;Baljinder Kaur","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04934-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04934-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The L-alanine boasts a plethora of industrial applications; however, its commercial utilization is hindered by high production costs, scarcity of raw materials, compromised fermentative productivity, and low enantiomeric purity. To address these challenges in amino acid biosynthesis, the present study employed a synthetic metabolic engineering strategy to enhance L-alanine production in the industrially robust <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21 (DE3) strain. A synthetic <i>alaD</i> gene cassette, computationally designed and cloned into the pUC57 vector, was expressed under the control of a high-efficiency T7 promoter. Initial expression in recombinant <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) (<i>alaD</i>⁺) under unoptimized conditions resulted in modest L-alanine titres of 54.32 mM (4.84 g/L). However, through statistical optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and cultivation under oxygen-limited batch fermentation, the L-alanine yield increased markedly to 440.47 mM (39.24 g/L) within 24 h. Given its broad industrial applicability, this biosynthetic approach offers a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis, positioning recombinant <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) (<i>alaD</i>⁺) as a viable microbial platform for commercial production of L-alanine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect immunity unveiled: exploring the molecular and cellular defenses against microbial threats","authors":"Preena Makkar,&nbsp;Chandra Kant Singh,&nbsp;Nitin V,&nbsp;Parminder Kaur Narang,&nbsp;Kushneet Kaur Sodhi","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04903-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04903-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insects, as diverse and ecologically dominant organisms, rely exclusively on innate immunity to defend against a wide array of microbial threats. This paper presents an integrative review of insect immune mechanisms, highlighting the molecular, cellular, and systemic components that underpin host defense. The immune response is orchestrated through physical barriers, cellular processes and humoral factors. Evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are essential to these processes. Emphasis is laid on pivotal functions of hemocytes, the significance of microbiome interactions in immune regulation, and the emerging influence of non-coding RNAs. Furthermore, the paper explores defensive symbiosis, environmental and evolutionary influences on immune dynamics, and applications in biotechnology and pest management. Model organisms, such as <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> and <i>Bombyx mori</i>, serve as critical systems for unravelling innate immunity, with translational relevance to vertebrate immunology and vector control strategies. Understanding these mechanisms offers valuable insights into conserved immune pathways and holds promise for advancing strategies in human disease prevention, therapeutic innovation, and global health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanofabricated essential oils as a green antifungal agent for the management of aflatoxin B1-producing Aspergillus flavus","authors":"Bhanu Prakash,&nbsp;Tanya Singh Raghuvanshi","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04898-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04898-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is one of the most common and toxic fungal secondary metabolites in agri-food commodities. AFB₁ has been considered a global threat to food safety and is categorized as a Class 1 human carcinogen. In recent years, due to health concerns associated with currently used synthetic chemicals, a substantial increase in demand for safer alternatives has been observed. In this context, traditionally used plant essential oils (EOs) exhibit remarkable antimicrobial efficacy and could serve as green chemicals to control AFB₁-producing <i>Aspergillus</i> species. EOs and their nanofabricated formulations often exhibited potent antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic effects by disrupting fungal cell integrity and simultaneously downregulating aflatoxin biosynthesis genes. Advances in science and technology, especially in molecular biology and nanotechnology, are rejuvenating the industrial application of essential oil-based antimicrobial agents. The use of nanotechnology has extensively helped to overcome major drawbacks such as intense aroma, high volatility, and low dispersibility. This review provides an overview of AFB₁ contamination in agri-food commodities, its biosynthesis, and toxicity. It also discusses the potential use of recent nanotechnological application to enhance the industrial application of EOs-based green antifungal agent for controlling AFB₁-producing <i>Aspergillus</i> species, along with existing limitations of nanomaterials, encapsulated EOs, regulatory affairs, and future perspectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of functionally characterized two-component regulatory systems in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Fengjun Sun,&nbsp;Pu Yao,&nbsp;Yiquan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04933-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04933-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) are ubiquitous signal transduction pathways in bacteria, enabling adaptive responses to environmental changes via phosphoryl signaling. In <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, a globally significant enteropathogen, TCSs orchestrate survival strategies and pathogenicity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the composition, signaling mechanisms, and functional roles of key TCSs in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>. Systems such as VbrK/VbrR, which senses β-lactams and nitrite to modulate β-lactamase production and suppresses type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1), and ArcB/ArcA, which integrates oxygen-dependent signals into quorum sensing and virulence regulation, highlight the adaptability of this pathogen. Other systems, including BarA/UvrY, PhoB/PhoR, and TtrS/TtrR, further illustrate the regulatory complexity governing metabolism, motility, and host colonization. Despite advances, significant gaps remain in understanding ligand specificity, cross-system interactions, and mechanistic details of transcriptional regulation, particularly for newly identified regulatory targets and auxiliary TCS interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox-mediated activation of PI3K/PTEN pathways by A. baumannii OMV–V. myrtillus conjugate in pancreatic cancer cells","authors":"Demet Celebi,&nbsp;Sumeyye Baser,&nbsp;Aydin Mahmoudnezhad,&nbsp;Betul Ari,&nbsp;Ozgur Celebi,&nbsp;Sidika Genc,&nbsp;Esmanur Nigde,&nbsp;Kubra Karabulut,&nbsp;Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04880-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04880-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the digestive system, characterized by late diagnosis, resistance to conventional therapies, and poor survival outcomes. Therefore, the development of novel, effective, and targeted therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) conjugated with <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> extract, a low-toxicity natural compound, against pancreatic cancer cells. For this purpose, <i>V. myrtillus</i> was conjugated with <i>A. baumannii</i>-derived OMVs, and the antimicrobial activity of the conjugate was assessed using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, time-kill kinetics, and biofilm inhibition assays. The anticancer effects were investigated by treating PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells and healthy fibroblast cells with OMVs (50 µg/mL) and increasing concentrations of <i>V. myrtillus</i> (5–250 µg/mL). After 24 h, cell viability and cytotoxicity (MTT, LDH), oxidative stress parameters (TAS, TOS, SOD, GR), PI3K/AKT/PTEN signaling pathway components, apoptotic markers (Annexin V/PI, BAX, Bcl-2, Caspase-8), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10) were analyzed. The OMV–<i>V. myrtillus</i> conjugate (50 µg/mL OMV +250 µg/mL <i>V. myrtillus</i>) significantly reduced cell viability by approximately 60% through disruption of intracellular redox balance. Elevated oxidative stress triggered apoptotic signaling, approximately increased 50% LDH release, and enhanced inflammatory responses. Especially 50 µg/mL OMV +250 µg/mL V. myrtillus treatment group compared to the control group, which approximately increased to 1-fold IL-1β rate. Furthermore, the 50 µg/mL OMV +250 µg/mL V. myrtillus treatment group showed approximately a 0.75-fold increase in PTEN and BAX gene expression, accompanied by a correlated decrease in AKT and BCL-2 gene expression, compared to the control group. These results suggest that OMV-mediated delivery of <i>V. myrtillus</i> represents a promising synergistic therapeutic approach for treatment-resistant pancreatic cancer.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy, metabolite diversity and antimicrobial activity of Tectaria coadunata (J.Sm.) C.Chr. fungal endophytes","authors":"Sayali M. Khedkar,&nbsp;Vitthal T. Barvkar,&nbsp;Milind M. Sardesai,&nbsp;Sanjay K. Singh,&nbsp;Shiwali Rana,&nbsp;Hemlata M. Kotkar","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-04935-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-04935-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endophytic fungi profoundly influence plant physiology and chemical ecology, yet their integrated functional roles remain underexplored, especially in ferns. Here, we reveal that <i>Tectaria coadunata</i> (J.Sm.) C.Chr. harbours a taxonomically rich and metabolically active endophytic mycobiome comprising ten genera with distinct ecological and evolutionary lineages. Morphological diagnostics combined with multilocus phylogenetics resolved all isolates with high confidence, delineating well-supported clades across <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Calonectria</i>, <i>Diaporthe</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Macrophomina</i>, <i>Neurospora</i>, <i>Nigrospora</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia</i>, and <i>Xylaria</i>. LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS profiling uncovered extensive metabolic cross-communication between the host plant and endophytes. Nine phytochemicals previously attributed to <i>T. coadunata</i> were also present in fungal endophytes, while eleven additional metabolites, including potent polyketides, mellein, and mycotoxins were exclusively endophytic. Multivariate and network analyses revealed distinct chemical profiles among different fungal isolates and coordinated biosynthetic modules, underscoring functional heterogeneity of the community. All isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity, but <i>Xylaria grammica</i> had the least minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.63 µg/mL against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. This pronounced activity, coupled with its broad-spectrum inhibition, positions <i>X. grammica</i> as a promising reservoir of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Collectively, our findings establish <i>T. coadunata</i> as a reservoir of phylogenetically diverse, chemically productive, and bioactive endophytes. These combined taxonomic, metabolomic, and functional insights into endophytes from <i>T. coadunata</i> open new avenues for potential applications across various fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"208 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147828465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}