Archives of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Itaconate: a dual-edged sword in immunometabolism and host-pathogen interactions","authors":"Yani Li,&nbsp;Haojie Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiwei Shen,&nbsp;Kunning Wang,&nbsp;Jie Luo,&nbsp;Junhan Zhou,&nbsp;Ruizhi Zhu,&nbsp;Yuting Jiang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05258-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05258-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Itaconate (ITA), a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-derived immunometabolite produced mainly by activated macrophages and other myeloid cells (e.g., neutrophils) through immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1)/aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), links host metabolism with immune regulation and antimicrobial defense. Initially recognized as an anti-inflammatory metabolite, ITA regulates immune responses through antioxidant signaling, lysosomal activation, inflammasome modulation, and metabolic remodeling. However, emerging evidence reveals context-dependent immunomodulatory effects across different cellular and tissue environments. ITA plays a dual role in host-pathogen interactions by regulating host immune responses while simultaneously serving as a metabolic interface between host defense and bacterial survival. Host-derived ITA restricts pathogens by targeting conserved metabolic enzymes, biosynthetic pathways, and redox homeostasis, whereas bacteria counteract ITA stress through enzymatic degradation, metabolic rewiring, stress adaptation, biofilm formation, and interference with ITA availability. This review summarizes recent advances in ITA-mediated immunometabolic regulation and highlights the reciprocal metabolic competition shaping host-pathogen interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomic analysis of Agrobacterium salinitolerans provides insights into genetic diversity and pathogenic potential","authors":"Lingling Xiong,&nbsp;Yinshan Cui,&nbsp;Ziming Shi,&nbsp;Yingjie Yang,&nbsp;Xiaolian Shen,&nbsp;Yanfei Cai,&nbsp;Xiuling Ji","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05256-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05256-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Agrobacterium</i> spp. are widespread plant pathogens, particularly associated with crown gall disease, and their genomic features and ecological adaptations underlie complex plant-microbe interactions. <i>Agrobacterium salinitolerans</i>, a relatively understudied member of this genus, exhibits distinct genomic traits that may contribute to its pathogenicity and environmental persistence, yet its genetic architecture and adaptive mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this study, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis of <i>A. salinitolerans</i> strain YN6, isolated from crown gall tissue of <i>Rosa</i> spp., alongside 14 publicly available <i>A. salinitolerans</i> genomes. Pan-genome analysis, supported by average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), revealed an open pan-genome structure indicative of high genetic diversity. This diversity is primarily driven by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT), while most core and accessory genes are maintained under purifying selection. We identified numerous virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes linked to macromolecular secretion systems, underscoring the strain’s genomic features associated with plant-pathogenic interactions. Additionally, a rich repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes was detected, suggesting broad metabolic versatility and enhanced survival across diverse ecological niches. This study provides a comprehensive genomic characterization of <i>A. salinitolerans</i>, revealing its high genetic plasticity, evolutionary dynamics, and multifaceted ecological adaptations. The findings highlight the species genetic repertoire linked to host colonization and environmental survival strategies, laying a critical foundation for future functional genomic investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanobacteria in sustainable agriculture: from bioactive metabolites toward mechanistically validated biostimulants","authors":"Mauricio Junior Machado,&nbsp;Bruno Bachiega Navarro,&nbsp;Fernanda Rios Jacinavicius,&nbsp;Marli Fátima Fiore","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05265-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05265-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyanobacteria are emerging as multifunctional components of sustainable agroecosystems, with the potential to influence nutrient cycling, soil structure, plant-associated microbiomes, and crop responses to environmental stress. This review integrates current knowledge of the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying these effects, emphasizing nitrogen fixation, nutrient mobilization, phytohormone biosynthesis, extracellular polymeric substances, biocontrol-related metabolites, and stress mitigation. Despite the growing number of cyanobacterial metabolites and traits associated with plant growth promotion and stress tolerance, direct functional and causal evidence linking specific compounds or pathways to plant responses remains limited. The work therefore critically evaluates the evidence supporting cyanobacterial biostimulant functions, distinguishing associative observations from functional and causal validation, while considering translational evidence from controlled experiments to field conditions. This review examines whole-cell inoculants, metabolite-based formulations, hybrid strategies, synthetic consortia, and engineered cyanobacteria in terms of mechanistic support, formulation, reproducibility, scalability, and agricultural applicability. Biosafety, particularly strain-level cyanotoxin risk and the need for appropriate toxicological screening, is also considered an important component of biostimulant development. Because performance depends on interactions among cyanobacterial strain, host plant, formulation, soil properties, microbiomes, and environmental conditions, future progress will require integrating mechanistic biology, metabolomics, formulation development, safety assessment, and field-scale validation. Bridging mechanistic and translational evidence will be essential to convert cyanobacterial functional diversity into reliable, targeted, and scalable technologies for sustainable agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00203-026-05265-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic microcapsule polysaccharide-protein composite system: construction, mechanism and application","authors":"Beini Peng,&nbsp;Tiantian Jia,&nbsp;Yifan Dai,&nbsp;Hengyi Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05245-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05245-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microencapsulation technology can effectively protect the activity of endogenous probiotics, extend the shelf life of probiotics, and achieve their targeted release in vitro. Therefore, it has been widely used in the field of food processing. However, the complex food environment requires careful selection of microcapsule synthesis methods and materials. Polysaccharide-protein composite microcapsules represent a popular strategy for probiotic protection. However, most existing studies evaluate the protective performance of carriers based on simplified in vitro models, and experimental conclusions are highly condition dependent. There is a lack of horizontal trade-off comparisons regarding the advantages and drawbacks of different carriers, and substantial gaps remain in translating laboratory systems to real food and in vivo environments. In this paper, five types of typical polysaccharide-protein composite carriers are selected to systematically summarize the molecular interaction mechanisms and encapsulation processes, and to critically analyze the applicable scenarios, inherent shortcomings of each system and limitations of existing research. The study reveals that raw material batch variation, difficulties in large-scale preparation, and insufficient evidence of in vivo effects are the core bottlenecks restricting the commercialization of this technology. This paper summarizes the mechanistic controversies and industrialization barriers of polysaccharide-protein probiotic microcapsules, aiming to provide references for the targeted design of subsequent probiotic delivery carriers and the establishment of evaluation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a eugenol-based nanoemulsion formulation incorporating a mosquitocidal Lysinibacillus sp. strain VCRC B654 against Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory and simulated field conditions","authors":"Sahadiya Mandodan,&nbsp;Geetha Irudayraj,&nbsp;Natarajan Chandrasekaran,&nbsp;Mathivanan Ashokkumar,&nbsp;Abhisubesh Vijayakumar,&nbsp;Paramasivan Rajaiah","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05248-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05248-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Culex (Cx.) quinquefasciatus</i>, an important vector of lymphatic filariasis, poses a major public health challenge due to the emergence of insecticide resistance and increasing environmental concerns associated with conventional control measures. This study aimed to characterize a soil isolate of <i>Lysinibacillus</i> sp. and evaluate its potential as a nanoformulated microbial biopesticide against <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i>. The isolate was characterized based on morphology, haemolytic activity, scanning electron microscopy, growth kinetics, protein profiling, and <i>16S rRNA</i> gene sequencing. <i>Lysinibacillus</i> sp. VCRC B654 exhibited high larvicidal activity against late third-instar <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus</i> larvae (LC₅₀ = 0.0334 mg/L; LC₉₀ = 0.0783 mg/L), with comparatively lower activity against <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. A eugenol-based nanoemulsion containing bacterial biomass was prepared by ultrasonication and characterized for its physicochemical properties. The optimized formulation, comprising 0.5% (w/v) bacterial biomass, 5% eugenol, 15% Tween® 80, and 79.5% water, produced submicron droplets with a mean diameter of ≈460 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.418, and a zeta potential of − 8.9 mV. FTIR analysis confirmed the characteristic functional groups, while cryo-TEM demonstrated the incorporation of bacterial spores and crystal inclusions within spherical droplets. Compared with the unformulated bacterial biomass, the nanoemulsion enhanced larvicidal efficacy by 3.7-fold, with a relative median potency (RMP) of 3.814 (95% CI: 3.096–4.847), reducing the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values to 0.009 mg/L and 0.016 mg/L, respectively. The formulation retained more than 80% larvicidal activity for five weeks when applied at 8-fold the LC₉₀ under simulated field conditions, maintained spore viability for 12 months, and no mortality was observed among the tested non-target organisms during 72 h exposure. These findings demonstrate the potential of the eugenol-based nanoemulsion as a bacterial formulation for improved mosquito larval control and support further evaluation under diverse field conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified wet mount staining improves the microscopic diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharge","authors":"Yu Xi,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Hongyun Yang,&nbsp;Shang Xu,&nbsp;Zhihui Ding,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Yuzhuo Tian,&nbsp;Zeyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05253-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05253-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional microscopic diagnosis of <i>Trichomonas</i> spp. in vaginal discharge specimens relies entirely on organism motility. Herein, we established a novel modified methyl green-acid fuchsin staining method to differentiate <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> from leukocytes and epithelial cell nuclei based on staining characteristics, rather than motility. To evaluate the performance of this novel method, 2133 vaginal discharge specimens were subjected to clinical testing using safranin staining microscopy, <i>Trichomonas</i> culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the proposed method, with an expanded gold standard as the reference. Additionally, the impact of specimen refrigeration (2–8 ℃) on the detection rate of <i>T. vaginalis</i> was also investigated. With the proposed method, motile <i>Trichomonas</i> remained unstained, whereas non-motile <i>Trichomonas</i> appeared light-purple. Leukocytes were stained blue-green, the epithelial cell cytoplasm was light purple, and the epithelial nuclei were blue-green. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of this method were 77.78% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.06–86.80), 100.00% (95% [CI]: 99.82–100.00), 100.00% (95% [CI]: 91.62–100.00), and 99.43% (95% [CI]: 99.00–99.67), respectively. For fresh specimens, the proposed method exhibited a statistically significant difference compared with safranin staining microscopy (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and was not affected by 24 h of specimen refrigeration. In contrast, 18 of the 25 initially <i>Trichomonas</i>-positive specimens became undetectable by safranin staining microscopy after refrigeration. The distinct staining characteristics and size differences among cellular components enable the novel wet-mount staining method to morphologically differentiate <i>T. vaginalis</i>, leukocytes, and denuded epithelial nuclei.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomics of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Brazil","authors":"Felipe G. Sacoda,&nbsp;João V. O. Cruz,&nbsp;Itana A. Santos,&nbsp;Adriano S. S. Monteiro,&nbsp;Amanda O. S. Melo,&nbsp;Danilo J. P. G. Rocha,&nbsp;Emilia M. M. A. Belitardo,&nbsp;Flavia F. Aburjaile,&nbsp;Siomar C. Soares,&nbsp;Mateus M. Costa,&nbsp;Aristóteles Góes-Neto,&nbsp;Rommel T. J. Ramos,&nbsp;Bertram Brenig,&nbsp;Vasco Azevedo,&nbsp;Joice N. Reis,&nbsp;Luis G. C. Pacheco","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05262-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05262-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> represents a major public health threat at the convergence of antimicrobial resistance and hypervirulence. While classical <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (cKp) is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, hypervirulent <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (hvKp) causes severe invasive disease in otherwise healthy individuals. We performed a comparative genomic analysis of hvKp (<i>n</i> = 8) and cKp (<i>n</i> = 17) isolates recovered in Salvador, Brazil. The eight Brazilian hvKp isolates displayed the canonical hypervirulence genotype, encoding the five major biomarkers (<i>iroB</i>,<i> iucA</i>, <i>peg-344</i>, <i>rmpA</i>, and <i>rmpA2</i>) while carrying only a limited repertoire of intrinsic antimicrobial resistance genes. These isolates belonged to sequence types ST23, ST65, ST86, ST3690, and ST5750 and were associated with K1 or K2 capsular types and the O1 antigen. In three isolates, <i>iroB</i> was detected in both chromosomal and plasmid-associated regions, a dual localization reported at low frequency among hvKp. The predominant plasmid replicons were IncHI1B (pNDM-MAR) and repB_KLEB, with IncFIB (K) in two isolates. Screening for mobile genetic elements recovered an F-type conjugative transfer locus in these two isolates only. Chromosomes and plasmids showed high similarity with well-characterized reference hvKp strains, including SGH10 and NTUH-K2044, as well as the pLVPK virulence plasmid. Comparative proteomics analysis identified 53 protein clusters conserved across hvKp strains examined. Among these were four hypothetical proteins previously associated with invasive liver infection, containing DUF1471, DUF417, and carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase-related domains, suggesting potential roles in pathogenicity. Collectively, these findings expand current knowledge of hvKp genetic diversity in Salvador, Brazil and highlight genomic features that may contribute to the emergence and maintenance of the hypervirulent phenotype.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacophore-guided identification and dynamic characterization of potential binders of the sporulation histidine kinase KinA in Bacillus subtilis","authors":"Maniratnam Puli,&nbsp;Prem Pal Singh,&nbsp;Veeresh Bantal,&nbsp;Rahul Saginela","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05254-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05254-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial histidine kinases represent attractive yet underexplored targets for antibacterial drug discovery owing to their central roles in environmental sensing and adaptive signaling. Among these, the sporulation histidine kinase KinA regulates entry into the phosphorelay controlling sporulation initiation in <i>Bacillus</i> species. In this study, a pharmacophore-guided virtual screening strategy based on the structural features of the histidine kinase inhibitor waldiomycin was employed to identify structurally diverse candidate KinA-binding compounds. A library of 2500 compounds was screened and prioritized through hierarchical molecular docking, pre-molecular dynamics MM/GBSA analysis, molecular dynamics simulations, post-molecular dynamics MM/GBSA analysis, and in silico ADMET profiling. Five compounds exhibiting favorable predicted interaction profiles within the KinA DHp–CA region were prioritized. Comparative trajectory analysis demonstrated that energetic estimates did not necessarily correspond to dynamic behavior, with Compound 3 exhibiting the most favorable post-molecular dynamics MM/GBSA estimate (ΔGbind = − 53.89 kcal mol − 1), whereas Compound 5 showed comparatively favorable dynamic stability and persistent multi-residue interactions. Analysis of the enantiomeric pair represented by Compounds 4 and 5 further suggested that stereochemistry may influence ligand accommodation and interaction patterns within the predicted KinA binding region. Several screened compounds also showed favorable predicted absorption and toxicity characteristics relative to waldiomycin. Overall, the findings prioritize structurally distinct compounds for further investigation and provide a computational framework for identifying potential KinA-binding candidates. Experimental biochemical and sporulation-based studies will be required to determine whether these compounds modulate KinA activity or affect sporulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction, characterization, and toxicity evaluation of levan from marine bacterium Priestia aryabhattai LEV207 using brine shrimp model","authors":"Palkar Omkar Prakash,&nbsp;Keerthi Rayasam,&nbsp;Kolluru Viswanatha Chaitanya","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05246-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05246-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Levan is an exopolysaccharide produced by microorganisms and has potential uses in the food and medical sectors. However, in natural habitats, its production is limited by nutrient scarcity and unfavorable environmental conditions. The present study is focused on enhancing levan production via a factor-by-factor optimization approach using the marine isolate <i>Priestia aryabhattai</i> LEV207. The impact of different media components and culture conditions on levansucrase production and bacterial cell growth was systematically investigated. Sucrose and yeast extract were identified as key inducers for levansucrase synthesis. The optimum conditions for maximum enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 5.0, in the presence of 100 mM CaCl₂ as salt. The highest enzyme activity (404.73 µmol/mL/min) was observed in a medium containing 50% sucrose and 0.5% yeast extract after 48 h of incubation. The levan (EPSPAL207) was purified with Sevag reagent and dialysis. This optimization approach increased the product yield approximately ninefold, yielding 60.82 g/L of levan. The EPSPAL207 was characterized by NMR, XRD, and FTIR. Thermal analysis by DSC indicated high thermal stability with a melting temperature of 282 °C. EPSPAL207 exhibited a 69.16% water retention capacity and an 87.73% water solubility index. EPSPAL207 also demonstrated good antioxidant activity against ABTS (54.74%), DPPH (66.65%), and Hydroxyl (53.34%) radicals at a concentration of 20 mg/mL. Chemical hydrolysis confirmed that EPSPAL207 is a homopolysaccharide composed of fructose monomers. EPSPAL207 promoted the growth of <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>, a probiotic microorganism, suggesting potential prebiotic activity. The brine shrimp nauplii toxicity study indicated that EPSPAL207 exhibits low toxicity. These outcomes highlight <i>P. aryabhattai</i> LEV207 as a promising microbial source for high-yield levan production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"eIF3i inhibits nelson bay orthoreovirus replication via interaction with the σNS protein","authors":"Pei-Jia Lu,&nbsp;Kun-Fang Li,&nbsp;Zhi-Wei Guo,&nbsp;Bo-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Yong-Gang Li,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Tao,&nbsp;Lv-Yin Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00203-026-05263-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-026-05263-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L929 cells exhibit relatively strong resistance to infection by Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV), primarily due to the unique virus–host interaction that suppresses NBV infection at multiple stages, including viral entry, genome replication, and virion assembly. This study investigates the role of host factor eIF3i in NBV replication. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence co-localization assays were performed to verify whether eIF3i interacts with the σNS protein in vitro. The results demonstrated that eIF3i significantly inhibits NBV replication through specific binding to σNS. This finding not only provides mechanistic insights into host protein-mediated regulation of viral replication, but also offers a theoretical basis for developing novel anti-NBV therapeutic strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}