Archives of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Integrated genomic and proteomic analysis of local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates for targeted insect pest control and functional insight.","authors":"Sumarin Soonsanga, Amporn Rungrod, Mongkon Utamatho, Chutchanun Trakulnaleamsai, Peeraphat Paenpong, Wirulda Pootakham, Narumon Phaonakrop, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Boonhiang Promdonkoy","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04388-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04388-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic antimicrobial effect and mechanism of enterocin Gr17 and cinnamaldehyde against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.","authors":"Wen-Yu Ma, Kai-Sheng Shen, Zhao Wang, Qi Liu, Xin-Jie Diao, Guo-Rong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04391-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04391-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriocins and essential oils have potential synergistic antimicrobial effects against pathogens, but the poor understanding of their antimicrobial mechanisms, especially against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, restricts their practical use in public health. Enterocin Gr17 (ENT) is a novel class IIa bacteriocin that exhibits synergistic effects with cinnamaldehyde essential oil (CEO) against some pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. This study aimed to further understand the synergistic antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of ENT and CEO against pathogenic Escherichia coli and Candida albicans from the perspectives of cell wall and membrane, morphological structure, respiratory metabolism and gene expression. Results showed that the ENT-CEO combination induced sublethal damage to E. coli and C. albicans, synergistically limiting their growth in a time-dependent manner. For E. coli, ENT and CEO synergistically disrupted the cell wall structure via interfering with membrane potential and targeting cell wall components, then enhanced membrane permeability and formed non-selective pores, leading to K⁺ and adenosine triphosphate efflux and severe damage of morphology and intracellular organization. Furthermore, their combination also suppressed the hexose monophosphate respiratory pathway and the expression of growth and virulence-related genes, ultimately accelerating cell death. On the other hand, ENT combined with CEO minimally affected C. albicans morphology but severely disrupted its intracellular organization, indicating mechanistic differences from E. coli. Initially, ENT and CEO synergistically destabilized membrane potential and destroyed C. albicans cell wall homeostasis, facilitating their cellular internalization. They subsequently disrupted cell membrane permeability and integrity, impaired energy metabolism by inhibiting tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, and down-regulated the growth and virulence-related gene expression, thereby leading to C. albicans cell death. This study provides theoretical support for the industrial application of bacteriocin-essential oil synergistic antimicrobial technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":"195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing fungal phylogenetics: integrating modern sequencing, dark taxa discovery, and machine learning.","authors":"Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, Aqleem Abbas, Ammarah Hasnain, Zeshan Bilal, Fahad Hakim, Muhammad Shabbir, Ahsan Amin, Muhammad Umer Iqbal","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04392-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04392-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study of fungal genetics has undergone transformative advancements in recent decades, profoundly reshaping our understanding of fungal diversity, evolution, and pathogenesis. This review synthesizes cutting-edge molecular techniques revolutionizing fungal diagnostics, with a focus on DNA fingerprinting, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and third-generation sequencing (TGS), alongside their applications in species identification, phylogenetic reconstruction, and disease management. We critically evaluated the utility of molecular markers such as the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Large Subunit (LSU), and protein-coding genes (e.g., RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-α), which have emerged as indispensable tools for resolving taxonomic ambiguities and cryptic species complexes. While ITS remains the gold standard for fungal barcoding due to its high interspecific variability, multi-locus strategies integrating loci like β-tubulin and CaM enhance resolution in challenging genera such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. The review underscores the limitations of traditional morphology-based taxonomy, particularly its inability to address cryptic speciation or non-reproductive fungal phases. Advances in NGS platforms (e.g., Illumina, PacBio, Oxford Nanopore) have overcome these barriers, enabling high-throughput genomic analyses that reveal unprecedented fungal diversity in environmental and clinical samples. TGS technologies, with their long-read capabilities (&gt; 10 kb), now facilitate the assembly of complex genomes, identification of structural variants, and exploration of horizontal gene transfer events, offering new insights into fungal adaptation and pathogenicity. Despite these breakthroughs, challenges persist in resolving intragenomic variation, reconciling gene tree discordance, and standardizing workflows for large-scale fungal population studies. The integration of multi-omics approaches (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) and machine learning algorithms promises to address these gaps, enabling predictive modeling of antifungal resistance and host-pathogen interactions. Collaborative efforts among mycologists, clinicians, and bioinformaticians are critical to harmonizing data sharing, refining diagnostic pipelines, and translating genomic insights into precision therapies. Fungal-related diseases pose escalating threats to global agriculture, healthcare, and ecosystem stability. Climate change further exacerbates pathogen spread and antifungal resistance, necessitating innovative management strategies. Emerging tools such as CRISPR-based diagnostics, portable sequencers (MinION), and synthetic biology platforms hold promise for real-time pathogen surveillance and engineered biocontrol solutions. By bridging genomic innovation with interdisciplinary collaboration, this review charts a roadmap for advancing fungal diagnostics, enhancing taxonomic clarity, and mitigating the socio-economic impacts of fungal diseases in an era of rap","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":"192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm-dispersal patterns in ESKAPE pathogens.","authors":"Abhijeet Sahu, Sejal Jain, Mrunalini Junghare, Ankita Mishra, Rohit Ruhal","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04394-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04394-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilm formation is now universal behavior of microbes to protect themselves from harsh environment. For ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter) pathogens it is one of the strategies to deal with antibiotic tolerance. Biofilms formation involves following major steps initial adhesion of planktonic cells, microcolony formation, biofilm maturation, and finally dispersal. In recent, interest of researchers to understand biofilm dispersal is considered important as it can make us to recognize infection dynamics, antibiofilm strategies, bacterial ecology and antibiotic resistance. A widely supported strategy for combating biofilms involves promoting their dispersal followed by the application of antibiotic therapy to enhance treatment efficacy. But different molecular studies regarding transition of bacteria to biofilms and back to dispersal have highlighted unique physiology and phenotype which might impact treatment strategies. For example, enzymatic degradation using Dispersin B or DNase I have been shown to decrease biofilm mass by over 70% in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa models, significantly increasing antibiotic susceptibility. Similarly, in E. faecalis, combining proteases with antibiotics has demonstrated up to 3-log reductions in viable biofilm cells. Thus, we discuss how native dispersal cues helps the cells in biofilms to decide for dispersal, while how matrix degradation-based dispersal can develop antibiofilm strategies. Considering ESKAPE as priority pathogens and known for biofilm formation hence we discuss patterns of dispersal focused on them only. We believe dispersing biofilms by targeting biofilm matrix components have much potential for future treatments as signaling cues may generate virulent phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":"194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hog1 plays a role in regulating lipid droplet homeostasis.","authors":"Xueling Peng","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04390-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04390-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hog1, the high-osmolarity glycerol response protein, is a crucial protein that responds to hypertonicity by enhancing glycerol production, subsequently raising intracellular osmotic pressure to resist hyperosmotic stress and protect cells. In this work, I uncover a previously unknown function of Hog1: regulating the deposition of lipid droplets. In my previous research, I discovered that in a glucose-rich medium, The Candida albicans vip1Δ/Δ strain, which lacks the inositol hexakisphosphate kinase gene, exhibits marked accumulation of lipid droplets, ultimately culminating in cell death. In this study, I found that overexpressing HOG1 could alleviate the excessive accumulation of lipid droplets and prevent cell death. Further investigation revealed that neither the knockout nor overexpression of HOG1 affected the energy homeostasis of the vip1Δ/Δ, but instead, modulated the osmotic pressure balance within the cell to regulate lipid droplet aggregation. Interestingly, in wild-type (WT) strains, neither HOG1 overexpression nor exposure to hypertonic stimuli altered intracellular lipid droplet levels. However, upon treatment with oleic acid (OA), which promotes lipid droplet accumulation in WT cells, HOG1 overexpression significantly reduced the extent of this accumulation. This observation underscores Hog1's ability to modulate lipid droplet metabolism specifically in C. albicans strains that are prone to excessive lipid droplet accumulation. In summary, my study unveils a previously unrecognized function of Hog1 in regulating lipid droplet homeostasis in C. albicans, particularly in contexts where lipid droplet accumulation is prominent, emphasizing its multifaceted role in cellular adaptation and stress response.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":"190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization, purification and characterization of an intracellular salt-tolerant esterase Est40 from Vreelandella sp. CH40.","authors":"Jiaxuan Lv, Liang Zhang, Derui Zhu, Qifu Long, Guoping Shen, Jiangwa Xing","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04387-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04387-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An intracellular salt-tolerant esterase, Est40, was purified from the halophilic Vreelandella sp. CH40 from Chaka Salt Lake, China. Purification via two-step ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and Sephadex G-75 chromatography achieved a 7.41-fold increase, 87.23 U/mg specific activity and 23.12% recovery. Est40 had a molecular weight of ~ 30 kDa and preferentially hydrolyzed short-chain p-nitrophenyl esters, particularly p-NPC₂, with a K_m of 6.52 ± 0.31 mM and V_max of 220.91 ± 3.87 µmol/min. Est40 exhibited notable tolerance to NaCl (0-3.5 M), with maximum activity at 0 M and over 20% activity at 3.5 M. As a weakly alkaline enzyme, it maintained over 60% activity at pH 7.5-8.7 and was most active at pH 8.5. Est40 was highly thermostable, retaining 80% activity at 70 ℃ and 45% at 80 ℃ after 2 h incubation. Maximal efficiency and stability were observed at 50 ℃. DMSO enhanced the enzyme activity, and over 50% activity was retained in 30% (v/v) acetonitrile, ethanol, isopropanol and isooctane. Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Li⁺ slightly promoted activity, whereas Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺ significantly inhibited it. Despite inhibition by surfactants and metal chelators, Est40 retained a residual activity of 30-70%. Est40 belongs to the α/β hydrolase superfamily, featuring the pentapeptide motif GFSQG and catalytic triad composed of Ser119, His202, Asp171. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinity for p-NPC₂. The salt tolerance, thermostability and organic solvent resistance of Est40 make it promising for food fermentation and environmental remediation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation and induction of fungal secondary metabolites: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Shaurya Prakash, Hemlata Kumari, Minakshi Sinha, Antresh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04386-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04386-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) represent a vast reservoir of bioactive compounds with immense therapeutic, agricultural, and industrial potential. These small molecules, including antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and anticancer agents, are synthesized through dedicated biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) regulated by various epigenetic, transcriptional, and environmental mechanisms. However, their cryptic biosynthesis and low natural yields pose significant challenges for large-scale production. This review comprehensively analyzes the regulatory landscape governing fungal SMs biosynthesis, advanced OMICS-driven approaches for identification of cryptic BGCs, and significantly emphasizes strategies to enhance SMs production. Furthermore, the integration of statistical and computational models (e.g., response surface methodology, artificial neural networks) is discussed for optimizing fermentation processes. The review underscores the diverse applications of fungal SMs in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and cosmetics, while advocating for interdisciplinary innovations in synthetic biology and AI-driven metabolic engineering to sustainably harness fungal biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 8","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the response mechanism in lipid degradation of key gene LDH1 knockout strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under levulinic acid stress.","authors":"Yulei Chen, Jiaye Tang, Qian Li, Wenli Xin, Ximeng Xiao, Borui Mou, Jialian Li, Fujia Lu, Chun Fu, Wencong Long, Hong Liao, Xuebing Han, Peng Feng, Wei Li, Kedi Zhou, Liuyun Yang, Xuemei Chen, Lixi Yang, Menggen Ma, Yaojun Yang, Hanyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04378-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04378-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Levulinic acid (LA) is the main toxic by-product in the production of fuel ethanol, and its large-scale emission adversely affect the ecological environment. In order to effectively remove LA from the liquid waste, microbial degradation methods are adopted but the challenge is that microorganisms cannot fully tolerate LA in the waste. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the tolerance mechanism of microorganisms to LA. In this study, the whole-genome knockout library scanning and sensitive knockout strain identification were carried out. In addition, subcellular structures such as mitochondria, vacuoles, and endoplasmic reticulum as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were observed under a fluorescence microscopy after stained with fluorescent dyes such as 2'7'-DCF diacetate, Mito Tracker Green FM, Vacuole Membrane Marker MDY-64, and ER-Tracker Red dye. We also performed genomic sequencing on the wild-type strain and knockout strain. Through comparative genomic analysis, it's been found that the LDH1 (YBR204C) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae helps promote the clearance of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and the deletion of LDH1 leads to a more-than-two-fold down-regulation of genes related to cell membrane, cell wall, and cell cycle. By measuring the transcriptome and metabolome of the LDH1 knockout strain (ldh1Δ) under LA stress and comparing it with the wild-type strain BY4741, we found that under the condition of LDH1 knockout, the accumulation of NAD⁺ intermediates would be activated, disrupting normal cell functions and causing cell damage. The LDH1 gene knockout also affects the Methyl Cycle in the cell, which is closely related to the accumulation of ROS. These research results make it possible to create a new genetically modified strain of S. cerevisiae with desired higher tolerance which enhances degradation efficiency and reduces cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 8","pages":"188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pirin-like proteins on PAT biosynthesis and stress resilience in postharvest apple pathogen Penicillium expansum.","authors":"Yanling Wang, Yanqi Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04385-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04385-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Penicillium expansum is a predominant postharvest pathogen that causes blue mold on pome fruits and produces PAT. Pirin proteins, belonging to the Cupin superfamily, have been found in a variety of organisms and have a multitude of functions. However, the Pirin-like proteins in P. expansum have not been identified and functionally studied. In this study, we screened and identified two Pirin-like proteins in P. expansum (Pepirin1 and Pepirin2). Pepirin1 was localized in mycelial septa and conidia, while Pepirin2 was mainly localized in cytoplasm. The growth and pathogenicity of P. expansum were characterized through knockout and complementation of Pepirin1 and Pepirin2. Although deletion of these genes had no significant effect on fungal growth or pathogenicity, it did lead to increased sensitivity to osmotic and oxidative stress. Moreover, compared with the WT, ΔPepirin1 and ΔPepirin2 showed a significant reduction in the patulin accumulation, correlating with a significant down-regulation of key genes for patulin biosynthesis (PatG, PatH, PatN). In addition, Pepirin1 has no quercetinase activity. All these results suggest that Pepirin proteins play important roles in patulin biosynthesis and osmotic and oxidative stress responses in P. expansum.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 8","pages":"187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of herbal therapeutics for the prevention and management of poxvirus infections.","authors":"Faiz Ahmad, Anu Sachdeva, Bikash Kumar Sah, Ankit Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Bisakha Seksaria","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04367-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04367-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poxvirus continues to pose public health concerns due to sporadic outbreaks, zoonotic transmission, and limited treatment options. The accessibility of vaccines and antivirals does not resolve the problems of drug resistance, adverse effects, and limited accessibility, which underscores the necessity to find different therapeutic approaches. This review aims to explore the potential of herbal therapy as an effective and accessible treatment for human poxvirus infections. A comprehensive analysis of 10 selected medicinal plants with reported antiviral activity against poxviruses. Data from in-vitro, in-vivo, in-silico, and clinical studies were analyzed to assess mechanisms of action, active compounds, and immunomodulatory effects. Plants such as Azadirachta indica (neem), Curcuma longa (turmeric), and Echinacea purpurea exhibit antiviral activity by inhibiting viral replication, modulating immune responses, and suppressing inflammation. Several herbs stopped viruses directly, and others supported the body's natural defenses. Most evidence is preclinical, though some clinical data exist, particularly for Echinacea. Herbal remedies may provide new options for treating poxviruses and could help improve the effectiveness of available antiviral medication. However, more preclinical and clinical verification is necessary to show that the product is effective, safe, and appropriate for use. Integrating scientifically validated herbal therapies may provide cost-effective, accessible, and safer options for managing poxvirus infections, especially in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 8","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}