Archives of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Overexpression of a novel gene FCC1 enhances low-pH tolerance of the non-traditional yeast Pichia kudriavzevii.","authors":"Yunfei Chu, Hao Ji","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04376-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04376-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 8","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of combining lysozyme, ultrasound, and heat treatments on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores.","authors":"Peng Tian, Xujian Wang, Gaili Zhu, Haojie Zhang, Zhong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04368-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04368-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inactivation of bacterial spores remains a critical challenge in food sterilization. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining ultrasound with heat and lysozyme treatment on the key structures of Bacillus subtilis spores. Spores were subjected to 600 W ultrasound combined with heat treatments at 75 ℃ and 90 ℃ and lysozyme at concentrations of 0.2% and 0.4% for 30 min. The combined treatments exhibited a synergistic effect on spores inactivation, with the most pronounced effect observed with the 600W-90 ℃-0.4% lysozyme treatment, achieving a reduction of 4.7 log CFU/mL. This treatment significantly increased the permeability of the inner membrane, leading to severe hydration of the spore core and substantial release of dipicolinic acid. Flow cytometry results revealed significant damage to the spore's inner membrane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated a decrease in the stability of the cortex and cell wall peptidoglycan, a phase transition of inner membrane phospholipids from gel to liquid crystal state, and increased fluidity of the inner membrane. The obtained results demonstrated that combining ultrasound, heat, and lysozyme treatments caused substantial damage to the inner membrane, cortex, cell wall and coat of spores, leading to effective spore inactivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 8","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of advancing antifungal treatments: a focus on chitinases and glucanases in Candida therapy.","authors":"Aadarsh Ghurye, Kiran Kumar Kolathur, M S Divyashree, V M Subrahmanyam, Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04366-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04366-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candida is one of the most prevalent fungal pathogens and a significant contributor to cutaneous infections. The manifestations vary depending on the nature of the symptoms and the site of infection. Its high incidence rate and associated morbidity, which can escalate to invasive diseases, underscore the need for more effective therapeutic approaches. The increasing prevalence and severity of Candida infections, coupled with the limitations of existing antifungal therapies, highlight the urgency for novel treatment strategies. Chitinases and glucanases are hydrolytic enzymes that target chitin and glucan polymers. These polymers constitute a major part of the fungal cell wall, giving these enzymes the potential to act as antifungals. The ability of these enzymes to break down such polymers is already being explored in other industries, yet their clinical potential for treating fungal infections remains underexplored. This review addresses the current landscape of cutaneous candidal infections and evaluates studies demonstrating the antifungal activity of chitinases and glucanases against Candida species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 7","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased production of riboflavin in Ashbya gossypii by endoplasmic reticulum stresses.","authors":"Kohei Kurabayashi, Hesham A El Enshasy, Enoch Y Park, Tatsuya Kato","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04359-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04359-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii overproduces riboflavin. However, what is a trigger to produce riboflavin in A. gossypii has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we reveal the mechanism, by investigating riboflavin production in A. gossypii with respect to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses. Addition of a reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT), to the culture medium at 10 mM resulted in more yellowish mycelia compared to the that of wild type strain, enhanced specific riboflavin production by approximately 1.7-fold, and an increase in the expression of several rib genes, AgRIB1, AgRIB2, and AgRIB7. Additionally, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of antioxidant genes, AgGLR1 and AgSOD1, were also induced. The ER stressor, tunicamycin, which inhibits the addition of N-glycan to glycoproteins in the ER, also enhanced the riboflavin production by 1.8 fold with the production of ROS and the increase of the expression of AgRIB3 and AgRIB4 genes. These results indicate that ER stress enhances riboflavin production in A. gossypii through the production of ROS; however, the mechanism of ER stress-induced riboflavin production has not yet been revealed. This study reveals why A. gossypii naturally overproduces riboflavin. This study shows the different mechanisms of the riboflavin over-production by ER stressors, DTT and tunicamycin. Additionally, cycloheximide, which inhibits protein synthesis and induces apoptosis, enhanced the riboflavin production. These results suggest that apoptosis induced by ER stresses may partially enhance the riboflavin production in A. gossypii. DTT and tunicamycin can be utilized to reveal why the riboflavin overproduction is conducted in A. gossypii, leading to the generation of riboflavin-hyperproducing A. gossypii mutants for efficient industrial riboflavin production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 7","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetically modified lipases as biocatalysts for diacylglycerol production in the food industry: a critical review.","authors":"Debashrita Majumder, Dibyajit Lahiri, Moupriya Nag, Debasmita Bhattacharya, Rupak Roy, Tania Paul, Soumya Pandit","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04361-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04361-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipases play a pivotal role in biocatalysis, particularly in industrial and pharmaceutical applications, due to their exceptional regio- and enantioselectivity. However, their inherent limitations, including low stability, substrate specificity constraints, and suboptimal catalytic efficiency, hinder broader utilization. Genetic modifications have emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance lipase performance, offering significant improvements in enzyme activity, thermal stability, and substrate adaptability. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the molecular engineering of lipases, leveraging site-directed mutagenesis and computational modelling to optimize structural and functional attributes. Key advancements in protein engineering, including rational design and directed evolution, are explored to elucidate their impact on catalytic efficiency and industrial viability. Experimental validation confirms that the genetically modified lipases exhibit superior stability under extreme pH and temperature conditions, along with enhanced catalytic turnover rates. Comparative analyses with wild-type enzymes underscore the potential of engineered lipases in diverse biotechnological applications, ranging from biofuel synthesis to pharmaceutical drug development. Furthermore, the study examines the mechanistic insights underlying these modifications, offering a theoretical framework for future enzyme engineering efforts. The findings underscore the transformative potential of genetically enhanced lipases in industrial biotechnology, paving the way for more sustainable and cost-effective biocatalytic processes. Future research should focus on integrating machine learning and advanced computational tools to further refine enzyme optimization strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 7","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of action of nisin in promoting poultry through tight junction integrity and dendritic cell anti-inflammatory properties.","authors":"Akinori Uehara, Mayumi Maekawa, Kazuki Nakagawa","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04364-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04364-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance in microbes poses a global health threat, making the search for alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in the livestock industry an urgent priority. Nisin, an antibacterial peptide widely used as a food preservative, can enhance the poultry growth performance. However, its efficacy requires high doses owing to its degradation by digestive enzymes. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying its effect remain unclear. We investigated the effects of nisin on antimicrobial activity, tight junction integrity, and anti-inflammatory response using intestinal microorganisms, epithelial cells, and immune cells. Nisin displayed broad antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including both pathogenic and beneficial species such as lactic acid bacteria. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, were highly resistant to nisin. Moreover, nisin improved tight junction integrity at concentrations over 100 times lower than those required for antimicrobial activity. In addition, nisin reduced inflammation-related cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70, secreted by dendritic cells at concentrations over five times lower than those needed for antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the prototype of the enteric-coated nisin was effective under a state of dynamic equilibrium in the dissolution tests. Notably, nisin improved tight junction integrity at low concentrations, comparable to those of AGPs. Therefore, the results suggest that the growth-promoting effect of nisin is not due to antimicrobial action but rather to its ability to enhance tight junction integrity and reduce inflammation of dendritic cells, making it a potential alternative to AGPs without the risk of superbug emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 7","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of penicillin G on Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D and host HeLa cells in genital infections.","authors":"Mei Wang, Xiufeng Qiu, Youhong Xu, Leran Zhao, Quanzhong Liu, Cong You","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04365-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04365-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the impacts of penicillin G on the Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) Serovar D and host cells in urogenital infections. HeLa cells were infected with CT for 2 h and then treated with different concentrations of penicillin G. The aberrant CT group was compared to untreated CT using dual RNA sequencing, lncRNA sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Treatment with 150 U/ml penicillin G for 48 h caused significant abnormalities in CT inclusion bodies. A total of 93 differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in biological processes such as protein modification, cofactor biosynthesis, and response to stimuli. Key pathways affected included peptidoglycan biosynthesis and degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, and bacterial secretion systems. Additionally, penicillin G induced significant changes in CT morphology and mRNA expression, as well as in host HeLa cellular mRNA and lncRNA profiles. These changes may contribute to chronic inflammation, treatment resistance, and potentially tumorigenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 7","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the antifungal activity of the bacterial isolate Bacillus velezensis TCG15.","authors":"Kojiro Ito, Shun Tomita, Takahiro Fujimaki, Minenosuke Matsutani, Gen Enomoto, Akinobu Kajikawa, Kei Asai, Kenji Yokota","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04357-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04357-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacillus velezensis TCG15 is a bacterial isolate from soil that shows antifungal activity against Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. This study aimed to characterize its antifungal activity. TCG15 produces cyclic lipopeptides (cLPs), including surfactin A, plipastatin, and bacillomycin L. We obtained the complete sequence of the operon encoding nonribosomal peptide synthetase for bacillomycin L biosynthesis, bmyL operon (bmyLDABC), using genome analysis of TCG15. The bmyLD gene-disrupted mutant did not produce bacillomycin L, plipastatin, or surfactin A. The mutant showed no antifungal activity, indicating an essential role of cLPs. Among the cLPs, bacillomycin L was identified as the key antifungal compound. This activity was enhanced by surfactin A, which showed no antifungal activity alone. These findings suggested that the synergistic interaction between bacillomycin L and surfactin A contributed to the antifungal activity of TCG15.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 7","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the antifungal activities of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum against the leaf spot pathogen of turmeric Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.","authors":"Ankita Ghosh, P Muthulakshmi, S Varanavasiappan, S Maruthasalam, V Rajasree","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04358-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04358-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of turmeric leaf spot. The pathogen was isolated from symptomatic turmeric leaves and identified using morphological traits and amplification of the ITS region, followed by sequencing. Pathogenicity was confirmed via Koch's postulates. Various biocontrol agents were tested in vitro, and T. harzianum exhibited the highest inhibition (75.92%) in dual culture assays. Crude culture filtrates of T. harzianum also inhibited the pathogen in a seeded agar assay, showing 22.22% inhibition. GC-MS profiling was carried out to identify the bioactive compounds responsible using the culture filtrates of T. harzianum, the pathogen, and their interaction. A total of 129 metabolites were identified, including phenolic acids, fatty acids, esters, and phthalates with reported antimicrobial activity. The interaction revealed compounds common to both organisms, suggesting biochemical cross-talk. This study demonstrates the potential of T. harzianum as an effective biocontrol agent against C. gloeosporioides and highlights key antifungal metabolites involved. Further characterisation of these compounds may support the development of bioformulations for eco-friendly disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 7","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding current challenges of antibiotic resistance to find new solutions for 2050: scientific, medical and political issues.","authors":"Rainier-Numa Georges, Bastien Doumèche","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04340-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04340-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past few decades, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a major global health concern and is projected to become the leading cause of mortality worldwide by 2050. The growing human population and global warming are expected to further exacerbate this issue by increasing interactions between humans and pathogenic organisms. Unlike other studies that focus on specific aspects of antibiotic resistance, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of this complex topic and to identify the key challenges and unanswered questions arising from heterogeneous data, the lack of scientific consensus on critical definitions, and the widespread dissemination of resistance factors. Priority pathogens identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) are presented to illustrate the clinical manifestations and impact of multidrug-resistant strains. To maintain a consistent narrative throughout the review, two WHO priority pathogens (Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae), along with a potential future priority pathogen (Vibrio vulnificus), are used as guiding examples. The bacteria priority pathogens list published by the WHO, and those for fungi, were taken as a starting point for selecting human pathogens. Publications were then selected from Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and sites of recognized scientific institutions. To include all pathogens with antibiotic resistance, including those not considered as priority by the WHO, V. vulnificus was added because it is already monitored by many international institutions. The selected publications have all been curated to ensure scientific relevance. Molecular aspects of pathogen antibiotic resistance in terms of emergence (e.g. target mutations) and transmission are obviously important factors to consider in the antibiotic resistance issue. Nevertheless, the versatility of definitions related to antibiotic resistance, along with the lack of resources, incomplete datasets, and insufficient standardization of data processing, clearly represent urgent challenges. Furthermore, studies of certain failed public health policies have also highlighted a lack of findings. Identifying challenges linked to antibiotic resistance will enable the scientific community, whether familiar with the subject or not, to understand medical infections issues and exchange ideas more extensively in order to find new innovative pharmacological and non-pharmacological solutions for treating patients. Finally, several diagnostics and therapeutic strategies currently developed for medical applications before 2050 are discussed at the end of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 7","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}